[A study on knowledge, attitude, and vaccination behavior of herpes zoster vaccine among urban residents in selected areas of China].

Objective: To understand the knowledge, attitude, and current status of vaccination of herpes zoster vaccination among urban residents aged 25 years and above in China. Methods: In August to October 2022, a convenience sampling method was used to survey residents aged 25 years and above at 36 community centers in 9 cities across China. Questionnaires were used to collect basic information, knowledge, and attitude toward herpes zoster and its vaccination, as well as vaccination status and reasons for non-vaccination among residents. Results: A total of 2 864 urban residents were included in the study. The total score of residents' cognition of herpes zoster and its vaccine was 3.01±2.08, and the total score of their attitude was 18.25±2.76. Factors such as being male (ß=-0.45, P<0.001), older than 40-59 years (ß=-0.34, P=0.023) or ≥60 years (ß=-0.68, P<0.001), married (ß=-0.69, P=0.002) were negatively associated with knowledge score. The educational level of high school or secondary school (ß=0.44, P=0.036), college (ß=0.65, P=0.006), bachelor's degree and above (ß=1.20, P<0.001), annual net household income ≥120 000 Yuan in 2021 (ß=0.42, P=0.020), having urban employee medical insurance (ß=0.62, P=0.030), having public or commercial medical insurance (ß=0.65, P=0.033), and having a history of chickenpox (ß=0.29, P=0.025) were positively associated with knowledge scores. Being male (ß=-0.38, P=0.008) and not remembering a history of chickenpox (ß=-0.49, P=0.012) were negatively associated with attitude scores. Annual net household income in 2021 was between 40 000-80 000 Yuan (ß=0.44, P=0.032) or between 80 000-120 000 Yuan (ß=0.62, P=0.002) or ≥120 000 Yuan (ß=0.93, P<0.001), and a history of herpes zoster (ß=0.59, P=0.004) were positively associated with attitude scores. Of the 2 864 residents surveyed, only 29 (1.01%) had received the herpes zoster vaccine, with a vaccination rate of 1.70% for those aged 50 years and above, with the main reason for non-vaccination being lack of knowledge about the herpes zoster vaccine, followed by the high price. 42.67% of the population said they would consider getting the herpes zoster vaccine in the future. Conclusion: Low knowledge of herpes zoster and its vaccine, positive attitudes towards the preventive effects of herpes zoster and its vaccine, and extremely low vaccination rates among the urban population in China call for multiple measures to strengthen health education and vaccination recommendations for residents, especially for the elderly, low-education and low-income populations.

[Short-term efficacy of posterior ankle arthroscopy and tendoscope on ankle-derived flexor hallucis longus ganglion].

Objective: To investigate the short-term clinical efficacy of posterior ankle arthroscopy combined with tendoscope on ankle-origin flexor hallucis longus tendon ganglion. Methods: A follow-up study. Clinical data of 10 patients with hallux ganglion underwent posterior ankle arthroscopy combined with flexor hallucis longus tendoscope in the Tianjin First Central Hospital from January to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 5 males and 5 females with a mean age of 42.7 (22-54) years. Disease distribution: 6 patients were on the right side and 4 cases were on the left side. The mean preoperative course of disease was 19.4 months (2-48 months). The patients were followed-up for a mean time of 12.4 months (8-20 months). The relationship between the origin of hallux ganglion and ankle joint was confirmed by ankle MRI and arthrography of ankle joint before the operation. During the operation, the joint capsule was explored, cleared and opened under the posterior ankle arthroscopy firstly, and then part of the tendon sheath of the forefoot was cleared and cut under the flexor hallucis longus tendoscope. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot rating scale and visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain were used to evaluate the clinical outcome before and after operation. Postoperative recurrence, perioperative and long-term complications were recorded spontaneously. Results: The cystic fluid signal of all patients could be traced from flexor hallucis longus tendon to the back of ankle joint by MRI before the operation. Intraoperative radiography showed that contrast media flowed from the back of ankle joint to the end of the hallux. The AOFAS score [M(Q1, Q3)] of the patients increased from 70.5(69.0, 87.8) before the operation to 100.0(85.8, 100.0) at the follow-up (P=0.002), and at the mean time, the VAS score decreased from 5.0(3.5, 6.0)to 0.5(0.0, 1.3) (P<0.001). No complications such as infection and recurrence occurred in all patients until the last follow-up. Conclusion: Posterior ankle arthroscopy combined with minimally invasive technique of tendoscope can treat ankle-origin flexor hallucis longus tendon ganglion effectively.

[Genetic characteristics and survival analysis of 27 cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the genetic and genomic profiling of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and factors affecting its survival rate. Methods: Clinical characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular biology results and survival status of children with 27 JMML cases admitted to the Hematology Department of Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2012 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the outcomes of the children were followed up. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. Univariate analysis was used for analyzing factors affecting the overall survival (OS) rates of patients who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Log-Rank test was used for comparison of survival curves. Results: Among 27 JMML cases, there were 11 males and 16 females. The age of disease onset was 28 (11,52) months. There are 20 cases of normal karyotype, 4 cases of monosomy 7, 1 case of trisomy 8,1 case of 11q23 rearrangement and 1 case of complex karyotype. A total of 39 somatic mutations were detected.Those involved in RAS signal pathway were the highest (64%(25/39)), among which PTPN11 mutation was the most frequent (44% (11/25)). A total of 17 cases (63%) received HSCT, 8 cases (30%) did not receive HSCT, and 2 cases (7%) lost follow-up. For children receiving transplantation, the follow-up time after transplantation was 47 (11,57) months. The 1-year OS rate of high-risk transplantation group (17 cases) and high-risk non transplantation group (6 cases) was (88±8)% and (50±20)% respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=5.01, P=0.025). The 5-year OS rate of the high-risk transplantation group was (75±11)%. The survival time of those who relapsed or progressed to acute myeloid leukemia after transplantation was significantly shorter than that of those who did not relapse (χ2=6.80, P=0.009). The OS rate of patients with or without PTPN11 mutation was (81±12) % and (67±19)% respectively (χ2=0.85, P=0.356). Conclusions: The main pathogenesis involved in JMML is gene mutation related to RAS signaling pathway, and the most common driver gene of mutation is PTPN11. Allogeneic HSCT can significantly improve the survival rate of high-risk JMML patients. The recurrence or progression after transplantation was related to poor prognosis.

[Surgical treatment of anterolateral malleolar pain combined with subfibular ossicles by ankle arthroscopy].

To evaluates the clinical outcome of the ankle arthroscopic resection of subfibula ossicles combined with modified Broström technique for pain on the external malleolus caused by subfibular ossicles in 15 patients from April 2014 to January 2019 treated in the Tianjin First Central Hospital. The patients included 6 males and 9 females, aged from 24 to 56 years, and the symptoms lasted for a mean of 7.8 months(1.0-27.0 months) before the operation. With a 12-month follow-up, the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Karlsson-Peterson (KP) score were used to assess the clinical outcome. The VAS pain score reduced from 5.5±1.3 to 1.6±1.1, the AOFAS score increased from 68.0±9.0 to 86.5±7.1, and the KP score improved from 65.2±14.0 to 86.9±8.1 after the operation, respectively; and all the three assessment scores improved significantly (all P<0.05). No cases presented postoperative complications such as non-union of the incision, skin necrosis, and infection, etc. This method is an ideal cure for pain on the external malleolus caused by subfibular ossicles, which has the advantages of less trauma and quick recovery.

Thermodynamic method for prediction of surfactant-modified oil droplet contact angle.

A model applying surfactant self-assembly theory and classical thermodynamics has been developed to aid in the prediction of solid surface cleaning by aqueous surfactant solutions. Information gained from a combination of surfactant self-assembly behavior and cleaning system parameters, such as oil species, surfactant type, temperature, alkalinity, and solid surface type has been shown to provide insight into surface cleaning. The model combines minimization of free energy, pertinent component distribution mechanisms, and surfactant self-assembly processes to provide a methodology for the predicting of oil droplet contact angles. Such predictive capabilities will allow for the development of beneficial environmental and economic changes to industrial and commercial surface cleaning and degreasing processes. Results from the model will be compared to experimental data to verify the capability of the theory to account for the effect of solutions parameters on oil droplet behavior. The model, while approximate in nature, has shown a remarkable quantitative predictive ability.

Size, volume fraction, and nucleation of Stober silica nanoparticles.

29Si NMR, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to monitor the synthesis of silica nanoparticles from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of TEOS in methanol and ethanol. The reactions are conducted at a [TEOS] =0.5 M, low concentrations of ammonia ([NH(3)] =0.01-0.1 M), and [H(2)O] =1.1-4.4 M to resolve the initial size of the first nuclei and to follow their structural evolution. It is found that after an induction period where there is a buildup of singly hydrolyzed monomer, the first nuclei are fractal and open in structure. Interestingly, the nuclei are twice as large in ethanol (R(g) approximately 8 nm) as those in methanol (R(g) approximately 4 nm). The data suggest that the difference in primary particle size is possibly caused by a higher supersaturation ratio of the singly hydrolyzed monomer in methanol than in ethanol if it is assumed that the surface energy of the first nuclei is the same in methanol and ethanol. The particle number concentration and the volume fraction of the silica particles are calculated independently from the SAXS, DLS, and 29Si NMR results. Finally, the rate of nucleation is obtained from the particle number concentrations.

Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU: characterization and comparison studies.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU, a nongenetically engineered bacterial strain known to bind dissolved hexavalent uranium (as UO(2) (2+) and/or its cationic hydroxo complexes), was characterized with respect to its sorptive activity (equilibrium and dynamics). Living, heat-killed, permeabilized, and unreconstituted lyophilized cells were all capable of binding uranium. The uranium biosorption equilibrium could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. The rate of uranium adsorption increased following permeabilization of the outer and/or cytoplasmic membrane by organic solvents such as acetone. P. aeruginosa CSU biomass was significantly more sorptive toward uranium than certain novel, patented biosorbents derived from algal or fungal biomass sources. P. aeruginosa CSU biomass was also competitive with commercial cation-exchange resins, particularly in the presence of dissolved transition metals. Uranium binding by P. aeruginosa CSU was clearly pH dependent. Uranium loading capacity increased with increasing pH under acidic conditions, presumably as a function of uranium speciation and due to the H(+) competition at some binding sites. Nevertheless, preliminary evidence suggests that this microorganism is also capable of binding anionic hexavalent uranium complexes. Ferric iron was a strong inhibitor of uranium binding to P. aeruginosa CSU biomass, and the presence of uranium also decreased the Fe(3+) loading when the biomass was not saturated with Fe(3+), suggesting that Fe(3+) and uranium may share the same binding sites on biomass. Although the equilibrium loading capacity of uranium was greater than that of Fe(3+), this biomass showed preference of binding Fe(3+) over uranium. Thus, a two-stage process in which iron and uranium are removed in consecutive steps was proposed for efficient use of the biomass as a biosorbent in uranium removal from mine wastewater, especially acidic leachates.

[Effect of radix salviae miltiorrhizae on the mitotic activity of osteoblast-like cells isolated from chicken embryo calvariae cultured in vitro].

Chicken embryo calvariae cultured in vitro, could yield 3 types of osteoblast-like cells, which differed in morphology. They were the spindle-shaped cells, globular cells, and squamous cells. Of these, the squamous cell was the chief cellular component, while both the spindle-shaped cells and the globular cells gradually transformed into squamous cells. Administration of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae rendered more rapid growth of the osteoblast-like cells in the early stage of culture. After 17-day of culture, when both the control group cells and the treated, group cells became quite confluent, 3H-Thymidine labelling and radioautographic study revealed a very statistically significant increase in the number of cells, bearing silver grains over the nucleus area in the treated group, as compared with the control (P < 0.001). Since osteoblasts play a pivotal role in fracture healing, administration of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae can exert favourable influence on bone repair through increasing the number of osteoblasts.

Radioautographic findings in osteoarthritic femoral head.

During total hip replacement for 8 patients with hip joint osteoarthritis specimens of femoral articular cartilages of 3 types of involvement were taken, i.e. the "normal" articular cartilage, the fissured and wrinkled articular cartilage, and the yellow or dusky red, markedly thickened, and roughened articular cartilage. Radioautographical studies with 3H-Thymidine labelling showed the clusters of articular chondrocyte, degeneration, death and vanishing of the chondrocytes with empty lacunae left; and mitosis and proliferation of the chondrocytes, as evidenced by silver granules in the nuclear area. In the articular cartilages of three types of involvement, the percentages of degenerated, dead and vanished chondrocytes represented by empty lacunae, of non-mitotic chondrocytes without silver granule and of chondrocytes undergoing mitosis with silver granules, were 19.9, 38.3 and 41.8; 9.1, 48.9 and 42; 5.3, 35.0 and 59.7 respectively. A large number of empty lacunae appeared in the "normal" articular cartilage, signifying aging of the cartilage. Chondrocytes bearing silver granules appeared not only in the "normal" articular cartilage but also largely in the severe osteoarthritic cartilage and served as a compensatory manifestation of both aging and osteoarthritis.