Green space exposure and Chinese residents' physical activity participation: empirical evidence from a health geography perspective.

Background: With continuous efforts made to promote the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is crucial to meet the growing and diversified needs of the public for fitness by practicing the concept of green development and promote the combination of national fitness and ecological civilization. Methods: To achieve this purpose, an OLS regression model was applied to estimate the role of green space exposure in Chinese residents' participation in physical activity and its underlying mechanisms, using the microdata from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) data and the Provincial Vegetation Cover Index (NDVI) matched macrostatistical data. Results: The empirical results show that green space exposure significantly increases the probability of residents' physical activity participation, and creating a green environment is conducive to creating a favorable physical activity environment for residents. Also, the core conclusions still hold after the year-by-year regression test is passed and the endogeneity problem is addressed. As revealed by mechanistic studies, green space exposure has indirect effects on the physical activity participation of residents through the independent mediating roles of reducing carbon emissions and promoting social interaction. According to heterogeneity results, males, those in marriage, and urban dweller groups are more inclined to perform physical activity in green spaces. Conclusion: The results show that the exposure of green space can help increase the probability of residents' participation in physical exercise, and can that it achieved through two channels: reducing carbon emissions and enhancing social interaction. It is necessary to further strengthen the protection of the ecological lifestyle, give full play to the advantages of greenness and low-carbon, and create favorable conditions for the green development of a new model of national fitness.

[The predictive value of the Tokuhashi revised scoring system for the survival time of patients with spinal metastases].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value of the Tokuhashi revised scoring system for the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastases. METHODS: A retrospective review of 447 patients with spinal metastases was performed, which comprised 291 men and 156 women with a mean age of 56. 1 years. All of the patients were scored with the Tokuhashi revised scoring system based on the available clinical, pathological and radiographic data. The relation between the survival time and the Tokuhashi revised score was analyzed. RESULTS: The patients had a median survival time of 7. 9 months and a mean Tokuhashi revised score of 8. 23 points. The median survival time of 155 patients with high grade primary tumor of lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, bladder and pancreas was 4. 7 months. The median survival time of 146 patients with low grade primary tumor of thyroid, breast and prostate was 12 months. The median survival time of 146 patients with medium grade primary tumor of kidney, lymphoma, ovary and uterus, and unknown primary tumor was 7. 1 months. The median survival time of 211 patients with the Tokuhashi revised score of 0 to 8 points was 4 months. The median survival time of 147 patients with the Tokuhashi revised score of 9 to 11 points was 10 months. The median survival time of 89 patients with the Tokuhashi revised score of 12 to 15 points was 29 months. The differences between the groups were significant (P<0. 01 or 0. 0001). The Tokuhashi revised score was positively correlated with survival time (r=0. 833, P<0. 001). CONCLUSION: The Tokuhashi revised score could support decision making with reliable estimation of life expectancy of patients with spinal metastases. Surgery could be a better choice to extend life span for those patients with solitary spinal metastasis of slow-growth primary tumor and those with the Tokuhashi revised score of 12 to 15 points.