Impact of particulate-matter air pollution on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: a mendelian randomisation study.

OBJECTIVES: In observational studies, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in body has been found to be closely related to particulate matter (PM) air pollution. In this study, we used the two-sample mendelian randomisation (MR) method to investigate and discuss the potential causal relationship and mode of influence. STUDY DESIGN: MR study. METHODS: PM data (PM10, PM2.5-10, PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance) came from the UK Biobank database, and 25(OH)D data came from European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) database. The analysis was conducted utilising three prominent methods (inverse-variance-weighted [IVW], MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode). The primary emphasis was placed on IVW, accompanied by heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: The MR analysis revealed a significant association between exposure to PM10 and a decrease in levels of 25(OH)D (odds ratio [OR]: 0.878, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.789-0.977). However, no significant relationship was observed between PM2.5 exposure and 25(OH)D (OR: 0.943, 95%CI: 0.858-1.037). Further analysis indicated that the main contributor to the decline in 25(OH)D levels is linked to PM2.5-10 exposure (OR: 0.840, 95%CI: 0.751-0.940) and PM2.5 absorbance (OR: 0.875, 95%CI: 0.824-0.929). No heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy existed. CONCLUSIONS: The MR results suggest that PM (PM10, PM2.5-10 and PM2.5 absorbance) exposure lowers vitamin D (VD) levels, but PM2.5 was not found to have a significant effect on VD in humans.

Potential causal associations of PM2.5 and osteoporosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies suggest a potential association between atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and osteoporosis, but a causal association is unclear due to the presence of confounding factors. Methods: We utilized bone mineral density indices at four specific sites to represent osteoporosis: femoral neck (FN-BMD), lumbar spine (LS-BMD), forearm (FA-BMD), and heel (HE-BMD). The PM2.5 data was obtained from the UK Biobank database, while the datasets for FN-BMD, LS-BMD, and FA-BMD were obtained from the GEFOS database, and the dataset for HE-BMD was obtained from the EBI database. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using mainly the inverse variance weighted method, horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were also assessed. Results: The results indicated that PM2.5 was not correlated with a decrease in FN-BMD (ß: -0.305, 95%CI: -0.762, 0.153), LS-BMD (ß: 0.134, 95%CI: -0.396, 0.666), FA-BMD (ß: -0.056, 95%CI: -1.172,1.060), and HE-BMD (ß: -0.084, 95%CI: -0.261,0.093). Additionally, acceptable levels of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity were observed. Conclusion: In contrast to most observational studies, our research did not discover a potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and the development of osteoporosis.

Reverse traction with Kirschner wires and bilateral external fixation device combined with minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis technique for tibial plateau fractures of type Schatzker V and VI.

PURPOSE: Complex bicondylar tibial plateau fracture (TPF) has always been a tricky problem for surgeons. We created a novel external device used intraoperatively consisting of Kirschner wires, and combined with minimally invasive plate oseoynthesis (MIPO) technique to treat complex bicondylar TPFs, and the clinical effect and feasibility were further evaluated. METHODS: From March 2016 to February 2021, 49 cases (29 males and 20 females) were identified as bicondylar TPF, the mean age 47.2 (27-69). All patients adopted the device and MIPO technique. A series of score, complications, and radiographs in the follow-up period, from three months, six months, one year, and two years and the last follow-up, were recorded, from visual analogue score (VAS), hospital for special surgery (HSS), and Short-Form 36 (SF-36), containing physical (PCS) and mental (MCS), and Rasmussen score. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients showed good functional recovery. No patients were lost, mean follow-up time was 28.17 ± 2.81 (24.2-35.4) months. Operation time was 89.80 ± 13.46 (58-110) min. At the last follow-up, VAS was 1.3 ± 0.92 (0-4), HHS was 93.10 ± 2.63 (89-99), PCS was 49.20 ± 7.40 (38-65), and MCS was 50.08 ± 4.77 (43-62). Complications were as follows: cutaneous necrosis (3, 6%), asymptomatic arthritis (3, 6%), symptomatic arthritis (1, 2%), and deep venous thrombosis (1, 2%). Mean fracture healing time was 11.82 ± 1.5 (10-15.4) weeks. All patients got recovery without extra surgery and removed the implants at 12.85 ± 0.76 (11.2-15.4) months. CONCLUSION: Temporary traction device of bilateral external fixator combined with MIPO technique was simple and convenient, with a smaller soft-tissue damage, an easier operational approach, and its worth being promoted.

Mid-Term Follow-Up Results After Hemiarthroplasty Using Long Femoral Stem Prosthesis (Peerless-160) for Intertrochanteric Fractures in Octogenarians.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical effect and imaging data of cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty employing a long femoral stem (peerless-160) and 2 reconstructed femoral titanium wires to repair intertrochanteric fractures among the octogenarians. Methods: Between June 2014 and August 2016, 58 octogenarians with femoral intertrochanteric fractures underwent the long femoral stem (peerless-160) cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty by the same surgeon. We assessed clinical and radiological outcomes such as operative time, bleeding volume, blood transfusion volume, length of hospital stay, full weight-bearing walking time, walking ability calculated by Koval classification and Harris Hip Score (HHS), including fracture healing and greater trochanter fragments subsidence. Result: The surgery was successfully performed in all patients. The average operation time was 72.8 ± 13.2 min, the average blood loss during surgery was 225.0 ± 91.4 mL, 200 mL of blood was transfused, the mean duration of hospitalization was 11.9 ± 4.0 days, the mean time of full weight bearing was 12.5 ± 3.8 days. Patients were followed up for 24-68 months, averagely 49.4 ± 10.3 months. During follow-up, 4 (6.9%) patients died, and 1 (1.7%) was completely lost to ask about the recent situation. The average Harris Hip Score at the last follow-up was 87.8 ± 6.1, most of the patients recovered walking ability, under radiological examination, the prosthesis showed no signs of loosening. All trochanteric fractures gradually healed, the clinical and radiographic signs of healing occurred at average of 4.0 ± 1.1 months postoperatively. Conclusion: For osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures in octogenarians, this study confirmed that the Cementless Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Using a Long Femoral stem (peerless-160) with double cross binding technique is a satisfactory and safe choice for the octogenarians.

Different effects of vaccine on VST in critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study of 363 cases.

Aim: To explore the risk factors of prolonged viral shedding time (VST) in critical/non-critical COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 363 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in a designated hospital during the COVID-19 outbreak in Nanjing Lukou International Airport. Patients were divided into critical (n = 54) and non-critical (n = 309) groups. We analyzed the relationship between the VST and demographics, clinical characteristics, medications, and vaccination histories, respectively. Results: The median duration of VST was 24 d (IQR, 20-29) of all patients. The VST of critical cases was longer than non-critical cases (27 d, IQR, 22.0-30.0 vs. 23 d, IQR 20-28, P < 0.05). Cox proportional hazards model showed that ALT (HR = 1.610, 95%CI 1.186-2.184, P = 0.002) and EO% (HR = 1.276, 95%CI 1.042-1.563, P = 0.018) were independent factors of prolonged VST in total cases; HGB (HR = 0.343, 95%CI 0.162-0.728, P = 0.005) and ALP (HR = 0.358, 95%CI 0.133-0.968, P = 0.043) were independent factors of prolonged VST in critical cases, while EO% (HR = 1.251, 95%CI 1.015-1.541, P = 0.036) was the independent factor of prolonged VST in non-critical cases. Vaccinated critical cases showed higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgG (1.725 S/CO, IQR 0.3975-28.7925 vs 0.07 S/CO, IQR 0.05-0.16, P < 0.001) and longer VSTs (32.5 d, IQR 20.0-35.25 vs 23 d, IQR 18.0-30.0, P = 0.011) compared with unvaccinated critical patients. Fully vaccinated non-critical cases, however, presented higher levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgG (8.09 S/CO, IQR 1.6975-55.7825 vs 0.13 S/CO IQR 0.06-0.41, P < 0.001) and shorter VSTs (21 d, IQR 19.0-28.0 vs 24 d, IQR 21.0-28.5, P = 0.013) compared with unvaccinated non-critical patients. Conclusions: Our results suggested that risk factors of prolonged VST were different between critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients. Increased level of SARS-CoV-2-IgG and vaccination did not shorten the VST and hospital stay in critical COVID-19 patients.

Expressing IL-15/IL-18 and CXCR2 improve infiltration and survival of EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells in breast cancer.

Previously, we have generated EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells and brought hope for treating advanced breast cancer. However, EGFRvIII-targeting CAR-T cells were defined limited anti-tumor efficacy, which might be due to reduced accumulation, persistence of therapeutic T cells in tumor site of breast cancer. CXCLs were highly expressed in tumor environment of breast cancer and CXCR2 is the main receptor for CXCLs. Here, CXCR2 could significantly improve the trafficking and tumor specific accumulation of CAR-T cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the anti-tumor effect of CXCR2 CAR-T cells were weaken which might be results of the apoptosis of T cells. Cytokines could stimulate Tcell proliferation, such as interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-18. Then, we generated CXCR2 CAR with synthetic IL-15 or IL-18 production. Co-expressing IL-15 or IL-18 could significantly suppress the exhaustion and apoptosis of T cells and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of CXCR2 CAR-T cells in vivo. Further, coexpression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells did not cause toxicity. These findings provide a potential therapy strategy of co-expression IL-15 or IL-18 in CXCR2 CAR-T cells for the treatment of advancing breast cancer in the future.

Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Optical Reporting Reaction-Coupled Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging.

This review centers on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array using an electro-fluorochromism (EFC) or electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction as the reporting reaction. Electrochemical signals at one pole of the closed BPE array can be transduced into the EFC or ECL signals at the opposite pole. Therefore, the current signal of a redox reaction can be easily detected and imaged by monitoring the luminescence signal. Recent developments in closed BPE array-based EFC and ECL sensing and imaging are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities for improving the spatial resolution of closed BPE array-based electrochemical imaging, and emphasize the important application of this technique to the imaging of cellular activities at the single-cell level.

Clinical characteristics and analysis of risk factors for disease progression of patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection: A retrospective study of 25207 cases in a Fangcang hospital.

Objectives: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant and explore the risk factors affecting the progression in a Fangcang hospital, Shanghai, China. Methods: A total of 25,207 patients were retrospectively enrolled. We described the clinical characteristics and performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the risk factors for non-severe to severe COVID-19 or death. Results: According to the outcomes, there were 39 severe patients (including 1 death) and 25,168 non-severe patients enrolled in this study. Among the 25,207 cases, the median age was 45 years (IQR 33-54), and 65% patients were male. Cough (44.5%) and expectoration (38.4%) were the most two common symptoms. Hypertension (10.4%) and diabetes (3.5%) were most two common comorbidities. Most patients (81.1%) were fully vaccinated. The unvaccinated and partially vaccinated patients were 15.1% and 3.9%, respectively. The length of viral shedding time was six days (IQR 4-9) in non-severe patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that age (OR=1.062, 95%CI 1.034-1.090, p<0.001), fever (OR=2.603, 95%CI 1.061-6.384, p=0.037), cough (OR=0.276, 95%CI 0.119-0.637, p=0.003), fatigue (OR=4.677, 95%CI 1.976-11.068, p<0.001), taste disorders (OR=14.917, 95%CI 1.884-118.095, p=0.010), and comorbidity (OR=2.134, 95%CI 1.059-4.302, p=0.034) were predictive factors for deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection. Conclusions: Non-critical patients have different clinical characteristics from critical patients. Age, fever, cough, fatigue, taste disorders, and comorbidity are predictors for the deterioration of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant infection.

[Effects of different peanut-cotton intercropping modes on physiological characteristics and yield of peanut in late growth stage]. / 不同花生棉花间作模式对花生生育后期生理特性及产量的影响.

Using peanut cultivar Huayu 25 and cotton cultivar Liaomian 19 as experimental material, we examined the effects of different intercropping patterns on physiological characteristics of peanut in later growth stage, yield and economic benefit, based on an experiment with five treatments, including intercropping modes of 4 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (H4M4), 6 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (H6M4), 4 rows peanut and 4 rows cotton (H4M2), sole peanut (DH) and sole cotton (DM). The results showed that intercropping mode increased the length of main stem and branches of peanut, but decreased green leaves number of main steam, leaf area index, and total dry matter accumulation. Among the intercropping modes, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, root vigor, nitrate reductase activity under H6M4 and H4M2 were significantly higher than that under H4M4, as well as higher superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content. Intercropping significantly reduced peanut and cotton yields, but enhanced the gross economic output value. The yield reduction of H6M4 was the lowest and the economic output was the highest among all the intercropping modes. In addition, the land equivalent ratio of H6M4 was greater than 1, indicating the obvious advantage of intercropping. Our results indicated that appropriate reduction of the ratio of cotton under the peanut-cotton intercropping systems could strengthen root vigor and increased nitrate reductase activity, promote nutrient absorption capacity, reduce senescence, and increase the economic output.

A tunable full-color lanthanide noncovalent polymer based on cucurbituril-mediated supramolecular dimerization.

The construction of lanthanide multicolor luminescent materials with tunable photoluminescence properties has been developed as one of the increasingly significant topics and shown inventive applications in miscellaneous fields. However, fabricating such materials based on synergistically assembly-induced emission rather than simple blending of different fluorescent dyes together still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a europium-based noncovalent polymer with tunable full-color emission, which is constructed from the 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid-bearing bromophenylpyridinium salt. This rationally designed bifunctional component can concurrently serve as a guest molecule and a chelating ligand to associate with cucurbit[8]uril and europium ions, thus leading to the formation of a trichromatic (red-green-blue, RGB) photoluminescent polypseudorotaxane-type noncovalent polymer in aqueous solution. Meanwhile, the full-color emission enclosed within the RGB color triangle could be readily produced by simply tuning the molar ratio of cucurbit[8]uril and europium ions. The lanthanide supramolecular polymer featuring tricolor emission, long lifetime, high photoluminescence efficiency and low cytotoxicity could be further applied in multicolor imaging in a cellular environment. These results provide a new and feasible strategy for the construction of full-color single lanthanide self-assembled nanoconstructs.

Correlation of CT-derived pectoralis muscle status and COVID-19 induced lung injury in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between CT-derived pectoralis muscle index (PMI) and COVID-19 induced lung injury. METHODS: We enrolled 116 elderly COVID-19 patients linked to the COVID-19 outbreak in Nanjing Lukou international airport. We extracted three sessions of their CT data, including one upon admission (T1), one during the first 2 weeks when lung injury peaked (T2) and one on day 14 ± 2 (T3). Lung injury was assessed by CT severity score (CTSS) and pulmonary opacity score (POS). Pneumonia evolution was evaluated by changes of CT scores at T2 from T1(Δ). RESULTS: The maximum CT scores in low PMI patients were higher than those of normal PMI patients, including CTSS1 (7, IQR 6-10 vs. 5, IQR 3-6, p < 0.001), CTSS2 (8, IQR 7-11 vs. 5, IQR 4-7, p < 0.001) and POS (2, IQR 1-2.5 vs. 1, IQR 1-2, p < 0.001). Comorbidity (OR = 6.15, p = 0.023) and the presence of low PMI (OR = 5.43, p = 0.001) were predictors of lung injury aggravation with ΔCTSS1 > 4. The presence of low PMI (OR = 5.98, p < 0.001) was the predictor of lung injury aggravation with ΔCTSS2 > 4. Meanwhile, presence of low PMI (OR = 2.82, p = 0.042) and incrementally increasing D-dimer (OR = 0.088, p = 0.024) were predictors of lung injury aggravation with ΔPOS = 2. CONCLUSIONS: PMI can be easily assessed on chest CT images and can potentially be used as one of the markers to predict the severity of lung injury in elderly COVID-19 patients.

[Three-dimensional printing combined with distal humeral osteotomy for cubital varus deformity in children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effect of three-dimensional(3D) printing combined with distal humerus osteotomy for children with cubital varus deformity. METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2020, 17 cubital varus deformity children treated with distal humerus osteotomy were retrospective analysis, included 11 boys and 6 girls, aged from 5 to 11 years old with an average of (7.8±1.7) years old. A model of affected side elbow joint was made by 3D printing technique before operation, pre-operation was performed on the model. Three-dimensional model was successfully used for distal humeral osteotomy during operation. Carrying angle, flexion and extension angle of elbow joint were compared before and six months after operation, and Flynn scoring criteria was used to evaluate clinical effect. RESULTS: All children were followed up for 6 to 12 months with an avergae of (9.6±1.7) months. One child occurred wound infection and healed completely after dressing change. No complications such as nonunion, internal fixation and nerve injury occurred. Carrying angle of affected limb was improved from (-20.8±2.4)°before operation to (7.2±2.3)°at 6 months after operation (P<0.01). Angle of affected elbow joint extension improved from (-5.6±3.9)° before opeation to(-2.6±2.1)°at 6 months after operation (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in extension angle of elbow joint between preopertaion and postopertaion at 6 months (P>0.05). While there was no difference in elbow joint function on the healthy side and affected side at 6 months after opertaion (P>0.05). According to Flynn scoring criteria, 13 patients got excllent results and 4 moderate. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional printing combined with distal humerus osteotomy in treating elbow varus deformity could receive satisfactory clinical effect, which could accurately assist correction of cubital varus deformity, restore physiological structure and function of elbow joint.

Cyclodextrin-Confined Supramolecular Lanthanide Photoswitch.

The utilization of azobenzene-based photoisomerization cannot only control the morphology of supramolecular assemblies, but can also regulate many biological processes. However, the design of azobenzene-involved nanoconstructs with switchable photoluminescence remains challenging because of the light-quenching ability of azobenzene. Herein, an azobenzene-derived multicomponent nanosystem is reported and its function as a supramolecular lanthanide photoswitch is explored. The metal chelation between lanthanide ions (Ln3+  = Eu3+ and Tb3+ ) and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid is utilized as the light-emitting center but its inherent fluorescence emission is completely suppressed via the disordered motion of the adjoining azophenyl unit. Interestingly, the hydrophobic cavity of α-cyclodextrin can provide a confined microenvironment to immobilize the molecular conformation of trans-azobenzene, thus leading to the recovery of characteristic lanthanide luminescence both in aqueous solution and the hydrogel state. Also, the luminescence can be reversibly turned off when the cis-azobenzene is expelled from the cavity of α-cyclodextrin upon alternating light irradiation. This mutual cooperation arising from host-guest complexation and metal-ligand coordination confers the desired photoswitchable luminescence abilities on the commonly used azobenzenes, which may hold great promise in the creation of more advanced light-responsive smart materials.

Effect of 3D Printing Technology in Proximal Femoral Osteotomy in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and safety of 3D printing technology in proximal femoral osteotomy in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip. METHODS: 40 cases of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by pelvic osteotomy combined with proximal femoral osteotomy at Ningbo No. 6 Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 20 cases received preoperative measurement and design assisted by 3D printing technology (the 3D printing group), and 20 cases received conventional preoperative measurement and design (the conventional group). RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of 25 (12~36) months. During the follow-up, there were no complications such as infection, fracture of internal fixation, or malunion of osteotomy. Compared with the conventional group, the 3D printing group had a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, and fewer intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopies (all p < 0.05). In the last follow-up, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by the McKay standard: in the 3D printing group, 14 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. In the conventional group, 10 cases were excellent, 9 cases were good, and 1 case was fair (Z = -0.382, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Preoperative 3D printing of bilateral femur and other large physical models is accurate, which is ideal for the development of individual preoperative planning. Proximal femoral osteotomy using preoperative measurements and simulated surgical data improves the safety of the operation.

Label-Free Electrochemiluminescence Imaging of Single-Cell Adhesions by Using Bipolar Nanoelectrode Array.

A label-free and fast approach for positive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging of single cells by bipolar nanoelectrode array is proposed. The reduction of oxygen at a platinized gold nanoelectrode array in a closed bipolar electrochemical system is coupled with an oxidative ECL process at the anodic side. For elevating the ECL imaging contrast of single cells, a driving voltage of -2.0 V is applied to in situ generate oxygen confined beneath cells that is subsequently used for ECL imaging at 1.1 V. High oxygen concentration in the confined space resulting from steric hindrance generates prominent oxygen reduction current at the cathodic side and higher ECL intensity at the anodic side, allowing positive ECL imaging of the cells adhesion region with excellent contrast. Cell morphology and adhesion strength can be successfully imaged with high image acquisition rate. This approach opens a new avenue for label-free imaging of single cells.

Case Report: Unusual Presentation of Myositis Ossificans of the Elbow in a Child Who Underwent Excessive Postoperative Rehabilitation Exercise.

Traumatic myositis ossificans (MO) is an unusual complication after muscle injury and is predominantly seen in young adults and adolescents. Pediatric MO cases are even rarer. We report an 8-year-old girl who was diagnosed with a lateral humeral condyle fracture. She was treated surgically, and her elbow joint was fixed with plaster. Rehabilitation exercise was administered 1 month after the operation. Due to the wrong exercise method, a palpable bony mass appeared around the elbow 1 month later. The clinical radiological diagnosis showed MO, and conservative treatment was administered. After 3 years of follow-up, the affected limb functioned well, with no sign of recurrence. Here, we report this long-term follow-up case of MO resulting from excessive rehabilitation exercise.

[Application of aided three-dimension CT navigation system in craniocervical junction malformation disease surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the related problems of three-dimension CT navigation system applied to craniocervical junction malformation diseases surgery. METHODS: The clinical data of 61 patients with craniocervical junction malformation disease who underwent surgical treatment from July 2015 to March 2018 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 39 males and 22 females aged from 25 to 73 years old with a mean of (46.20±12.09) years. According to the different ways of screw placements, these patients were divided into navigation group (30 cases) and non navigation group (31 cases). The screws insertion in the navigation group were guided under three-dimension CT computer-aided navigation system, while the screws insertion were guided by C-arm fluoroscopy and intraoperative anatomical landmarks in non-navigation group. All surgeries were performed by the same group of surgeons. All cases were scanned by CT after operation to assess the accuracy of the screw insertion. RESULTS: A total of 122 screws were inserted in the study, including 60 screws in navigation group and 62 screws in non-navigation group. The screw positions in navigation group were all satisfactory, and there were no screw-related complications. The position of 3 screws (4.83%) in non-navigation group was not satisfactory, and there was no obvious neurological symptoms after operation. The operation time of navigation group was from 87.5 to 112.5 min with a mean of (99.6± 12.0) min;and non-navigation group was from 87.5 to 107.5 min, with a mean of (97.5±10.5) min. There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between two groups (P>0.05). The screw insertion time in navigation group was from 1.50 to 4.20 min, with a mean of (2.51±1.02) min;and non navigation group was from 1.80 to 5.10 min, with a mean of (3.25±1.05) min. The screw insertion time in navigation group was shorter than that in non-navigation group (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss in navigation group was from 122 to 153 ml, with a mean of (137.57±9.48) ml, which in non-navigation group wasfrom 121 to 158 ml, with a mean of (138.75±8.56) ml, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional CT computer-aided navigation system has the characteristics of clear imaging and accurate positioning, which can help improve the accuracy and safety of the screw insertion in craniocervical junction malformation disease surgery.

Photooxidation-Driven Purely Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Lysosome-Targeted Imaging.

The construction of host-guest-binding-induced phosphorescent supramolecular assemblies has become one of increasingly significant topics in biomaterial research. Herein, we demonstrate that the cucurbit[8]uril host can induce the anthracene-conjugated bromophenylpyridinium guest to form a linear supramolecular assembly, thus facilitating the enhancement of red fluorescence emission by the host-stabilized charge-transfer interactions. When the anthryl group is photo-oxidized to anthraquinone, the obtained linear nanoconstructs can be readily converted into the homoternary inclusion complex, accompanied by the emergence of strong green phosphorescence in aqueous solution. More intriguingly, dual organelle-targeted imaging abilities have been also distinctively achieved in nuclei and lysosomes after undergoing photochemical reaction upon UV irradiation. This photooxidation-driven purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence provides a convenient and feasible strategy for supramolecular organelle identification to track specific biospecies and physiological events in the living cells.

Supramolecular Assembly with Near-Infrared Emission for Two-Photon Mitochondrial Targeted Imaging.

Two-photon supramolecular assembly with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission is constructed from tetraphenylethene derivative possessing methoxyl and vinyl pyridine salt (TPE-2SP), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and ß-cyclodextrin modified hyaluronic acid (HA-CD). The obtained experimental results indicate that the TPE-2SP exhibits a very weak fluorescence emission at 650 nm, and then complexes with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to form 1:2 supramolecular pseudorotaxane with an enhanced NIR fluorescence emission at 660 nm. Compared with CB[7], CB[8] can assemble with TPE-2SP to be two-axial netlike pseudopolyrotaxane, resulting in close packing to increase TPE-2SP fluorescence emission with a redshift of 30 nm. Interestingly, TPE-2SP/CB[8] continues to assemble with cancer cell targeting agent HA-CD into nanoparticles, leading to assembling-induced further enhancement of NIR emission. Surprisingly, supramolecular nanoparticles have the two-photon character, and are successfully applied to mitochondrial targeting imaging. This supramolecular assembly system, with two-photon absorption and assembly-induced enhanced NIR luminescence properties, opens new way for biological targeted imaging.