Dietary Choline Intake Is Beneficial for Cognitive Function and Delays Cognitive Decline: A 22-Year Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Pre-clinical studies have discovered the neuroprotective function and the benefit for cognitive function of choline. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits observed in animal studies also work in humans. The aims of this study are to examine the effects of dietary choline intake on cognitive function and cognitive decline during ageing in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. We included 1887 subjects aged 55~79 years with 6696 observations from the China Health and Nutrition Survey cohort study. The subjects were followed up for 6 to 21 years, with an average of 12.2 years. A dietary survey was conducted over 3 consecutive days with a 24 h recall, using household weight-recording methods. Based on the China Food Composition, data from USDA, and published literature, the dietary choline intake was calculated as the sum of free choline, phosphocholine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycerophosphocholine. Cognitive function was assessed using a subset of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) items. In order to eliminate the different weight of scores in each domain, the scores were converted by dividing by the maximum score in each domain, which ranged from 0 to 3 points. Higher cognitive scores represented better cognition. We used two-level mixed effect models to estimate the effects of dietary choline intake on cognitive score and cognitive decline rate in males and females, respectively. The average dietary choline intake was 161.1 mg/d for the baseline. After adjusting for confounders, the dietary choline intake was significantly associated with higher cognitive score in both males and females. The cognitive score in the highest quartile group of dietary choline was 0.085 for males and 0.077 for females-higher than those in the lowest quartile group (p < 0.01 for males, p < 0.05 for females). For every 10-year increase in age, the cognitive score decreased by 0.266 for males and 0.283 for females. The cognitive score decline rate of the third quartile group of dietary choline was 0.125/10 years lower than that of the lowest quartile group in females (p < 0.05). Dietary choline intake not only improves cognitive function, but also postpones cognitive decline during the aging process. The findings of this study highlight the neuroprotective benefit of choline in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, especially among females.

A longitudinal network analysis of interaction factors among Chinese women at high risk for perinatal depression.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have applied a health ecological model to understand perinatal depression among high-risk women, and existing research remains primarily cross-sectional in nature. This study aimed to explore the interplay among family function, perceived stress, insomnia symptoms, cognitive reactivity subscales (such as hopelessness/suicidality, aggression, control/perfectionism, avoidant coping, and acceptance/coping), mindfulness subscales (including attention, present focus, awareness, and acceptance), physiological indicators (e.g., hgb, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and HbA1C), and depressive symptoms in Chinese high-risk women during the perinatal period. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal population-based cohort study. SETTING: This two-wave prospective study was conducted in Fujian Province, China, from December 2021 to January 2023. PARTICIPANTS: We used convenience sampling to enroll 368 pregnant patients from obstetrical clinics and inpatient departments of three tertiary hospitals (level 3) in Fuzhou and Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: In the statistical analysis, cross-sectional data were analyzed via the contemporaneous network method, and longitudinal data were analyzed via the cross-lagged panel network method. The core symptoms in the depression-related symptom network during the third trimester and three months postpartum were identified as attention (ATT) (strength = 1.02) and acceptance/coping (ACC) (strength = 1.19). All bridge symptoms were shown as depression (EPDS) (bridging strength = 0.07 and 0.09). A comparison between the first and second survey networks showed a reduced edge weight for the association between depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms (to 0 in the second survey network, diff = -0.18, P < 0.001). Conversely, the association between depressive symptoms and control/perfectionism increased to 0.252 (diff = 0.25, P < 0.001). Through cross-lagged panel network analysis, the EPDS (out strength = 3.68, OEI =3.60) was identified as the most influential symptom and the most predictable symptom (R² = 0.76). Perceived stress (PSS) (in strength = 2.49) and hopelessness/suicidality (HOP) (IEI = 1.96) were identified as the most susceptible symptoms. KEY CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional network analysis combined with longitudinal network analysis revealed the mechanism of action between symptoms. Attention (ATT) and acceptance/coping (ACC) were identified as the core symptoms in the network of depression-related symptoms during the third trimester and three months postpartum, and the bridge symptoms were both depression (EPDS). In the dynamic network, depression (EPDS) was identified as the most influential and predictable symptom, and perceived stress (PSS) and hopelessness/suicidality (HOP) were identified as the most susceptible symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Targeted interventions focused on attention and coping can reduce stress during pregnancy and enhance postpartum well-being. Strengthening family support and routine screening for symptoms such as stress and depression (EPDS) are crucial for improving maternal mental health globally, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Combined impact of elevated C-reactive protein levels and dyslipidemia on stroke: a CHNS prospective cohort study.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine whether the combination of elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and dyslipidemia increased the risk of stroke among middle-aged and older adult individuals in China. Methods: This study utilized longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) collected in 2009, 2015, and 2018. A total of 8,023 participants aged ≥40 years (3,595 males and 4,428 females) were included. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method was employed to examine the association between inflammation, dyslipidemia, their combined effects, and stroke in the Chinese population. Results: A total of 174 stroke events occurred during follow-up. Compared with those with normal CRP levels (CRP ≤ 3 mg/L), the adjusted ORs and 95%CI were 2.13 (1.25, 3.64) for the female with elevated CRP level. Compared with those with non-dyslipidemia, the adjusted ORs and 95%CI were 1.56 (1.03, 2.37) for the individuals with high LDL cholesterol, 1.93 (1.12, 3.33) for the male with high LDL cholesterol. Compared with those with normal CRP levels and non-dyslipidemia, the adjusted ORs and 95%CI were 1.74 (1.08, 2.78) for the individuals with elevated CRP levels and dyslipidemia, 2.41 (1.29, 4.49) for the male with elevated CRP levels and dyslipidemia. People with the coexistence of elevated CRP levels and dyslipidemia had the highest risk of stroke among male. Conclusion: In females, higher levels of inflammation are associated with an increased incidence of stroke. In males, individuals with dyslipidemia characterized by high LDL cholesterol levels are more susceptible to stroke. In the general population, the joint effect of inflammation and dyslipidemia predisposes individuals to a higher risk of stroke, particularly among males.

Analysis of urine cell-free DNA in bladder cancer diagnosis by emerging bioactive technologies and materials.

Urinary cell-free DNA (UcfDNA) is gaining recognition as an important biomarker for diagnosing bladder cancer. UcfDNA contains tumor derived DNA sequences, making it a viable candidate for non-invasive early detection, diagnosis, and surveillance of bladder cancer. The quantification and qualification of UcfDNA have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the molecular characterization of bladder cancer. However, precise analysis of UcfDNA for clinical bladder cancer diagnosis remains challenging. This review summarizes the history of UcfDNA discovery, its biological properties, and the quantitative and qualitative evaluations of UcfDNA for its clinical significance and utility in bladder cancer patients, emphasizing the critical role of UcfDNA in bladder cancer diagnosis. Emerging bioactive technologies and materials currently offer promising tools for multiple UcfDNA analysis, aiming to achieve more precise and efficient capture of UcfDNA, thereby significantly enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This review also highlights breakthroughs in detection technologies and substrates with the potential to revolutionize bladder cancer diagnosis in clinic.

Bioinspired Collagen Scaffold Loaded with bFGF-Overexpressing Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Accelerating Diabetic Skin Wound Healing via HIF-1 Signal Pathway Regulated Neovascularization.

The healing of severe chronic skin wounds in chronic diabetic patients is still a huge clinical challenge due to complex regeneration processes and control signals. Therefore, a single approach is difficult in obtaining satisfactory therapeutic efficacy for severe diabetic skin wounds. In this study, we adopted a composite strategy for diabetic skin wound healing. First, we fabricated a collagen-based biomimetic skin scaffold. The human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene was electrically transduced into human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs), and the stable bFGF-overexpressing UC-MSCs (bFGF-MSCs) clones were screened out. Then, an inspired collagen scaffold loaded with bFGF-MSCs was applied to treat full-thickness skin incision wounds in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The mechanism of skin damage repair in diabetes mellitus was investigated using RNA-Seq and Western blot assays. The bioinspired collagen scaffold demonstrated good biocompatibility for skin-regeneration-associated cells such as human fibroblast (HFs) and endothelial cells (ECs). The bioinspired collagen scaffold loaded with bFGF-MSCs accelerated the diabetic full-thickness incision wound healing including cell proliferation enhancement, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization, compared with other treatments. We also showed that the inspired skin scaffold could enhance the in vitro tube formation of ECs and the early angiogenesis process of the wound tissue in vivo. Further findings revealed enhanced angiogenic potential in ECs stimulated by bFGF-MSCs, evidenced by increased AKT phosphorylation and elevated HIF-1α and HIF-1ß levels, indicating the activation of HIF-1 pathways in diabetic wound healing. Based on the superior biocompatibility and bioactivity, the novel bioinspired skin healing materials composed of the collagen scaffold and bFGF-MSCs will be promising for healing diabetic skin wounds and even other refractory tissue regenerations. The bioinspired collagen scaffold loaded with bFGF-MSCs could accelerate diabetic wound healing via neovascularization by activating HIF-1 pathways.

[Proximal femoral nail antirotation combined with locking plate in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of locking plate internal fixation for the treatment of proximal lateral femoral wall fracture. METHODS: From January 2021 to June 2022, 31 patients with intertrochanteric fractures and lateral wall fractures were treated. Among them, 15 patients were treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation including 3 males and 12 females with an average age of (75.87±7.46) years old;the other 16 patients were treated with 3.5 mm pre-curved screw locking plate fixtion for lateral wall fracture including 4 males and 12 females with an average age of (76.15±9.47) years old. After surgery, the surgical index, tip-apical distance(TAD), postoperative standing weight-bearing time, and fracture reduction were compared between two groups. Postoperative hip function was evaluated according to Harris hip score. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for an average of (12±5) months ranging from 7 to 17 months. The immediate postoperative neck angle ranged from 111° to 132°(119.3±8.3)°. Fracture reduction results were excellent in 11 cases, fair in 2, worse in 1 in PFNA group;excellent in 12, fair in 3, worse in 1 in PFNA+locking plate group. One case of the PFNA group had a spiral blade cut out through the femoral head. There were significant differences in the time of operation, the amount of blood loss during the operation, the length of incision between two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in TAD and postoperative standing weight-bearing time between two groups(P>0.05). There were significant differences in Harris scores at 6 months after surgery between two groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The application of PFNA-assisted locking plate in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures with lateral wall fractures is effective, and can restore the integrity of lateral wall, improve the stability of PFNA internal fixation, and reduce postoperative complications.

RT-RPA-PfAgo detection platform for one-tube simultaneous typing diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most prevalent pathogen contributing to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in infants and young children and can lead to significant financial and medical costs. Here, we developed a simultaneous, dual-gene and ultrasensitive detection system for typing HRSV within 60 minutes that needs only minimum laboratory support. Briefly, multiplex integrating reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) was performed with viral RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs as a template for the amplification of the specific regions of subtypes A (HRSVA) and B (HRSVB) of HRSV. Next, the Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) protein utilizes small 5'-phosphorylated DNA guides to cleave target sequences and produce fluorophore signals (FAM and ROX). Compared with the traditional gold standard (RT-qPCR) and direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA), this method has the additional advantages of easy operation, efficiency and sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 copy/µL. In terms of clinical sample validation, the diagnostic accuracy of the method for determining the HRSVA and HRSVB infection was greater than 95%. This technique provides a reliable point-of-care (POC) testing for the diagnosis of HRSV-induced ARTI in children and for outbreak management, especially in resource-limited settings.

Discharge teaching quality positively predicts quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy: The mediating role of readiness for hospital discharge and stoma self-efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the mediating role of readiness for hospital discharge (RHD) and stoma self-efficacy (SSE) in the relationship between quality of discharge teaching (QDT) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy, and the gender difference of mediating effect. BACKGROUND: It is not clear how RHD, QDT, SSE and HRQOL interact in colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy. METHODS: This was a prospective follow-up survey. 221 colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomy were conveniently recruited from a general hospital in Southeast China. The Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale, Stoma Self-Efficacy Scale, and Stoma Quality of Life Scale were used to collect data. Pearson's correlation and structural equation models were used to analyze the data. SPSS 26.0 and Amos 28.0 software were used for analysis the collected data. RESULTS: Regarding the relationship of QDT and HRQOL, only QDT-T had a direct effect among colorectal cancer patients with stomas (b = 0.233, P<0.001, percentile 95% CI = [0.145, 0.314]). However, both QDT-T and QDT-R can predict HRQOL indirectly through three paths: (1) the mediating role of SSE (b = 0.050, P = 0.009, percentile 95% CI = [0.013, 0.098]; b = 0.077, P = 0.008, percentile 95% CI = [0.021, 0.164]), (2) the mediating role of RHD (b = 0.044, P = 0.004, percentile 95% CI = [0.014, 0.085]; b = 0.044, P = 0.005, percentile 95% CI = [0.010, 0.102]), and (3) the chain mediating role of SSE and RHD (b = 0.030, P = 0.003, percentile 95% CI = [0.011, 0.059]; b = 0.047, P = 0.003, percentile 95% CI = [0.015, 0.103]). The similar chain mediating effect in male stoma patients was also found (b = 0.041, P = 0.002, percentile 95% CI = [0.016, 0.080]; b = 0.046, P = 0.004, percentile 95% CI = [0.011, 0.114]). CONCLUSIONS: Stoma self-efficacy and readiness for hospital discharge played important intermediary roles in the relationship between quality of discharge teaching and health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer patients with stomas. Health care providers can design SSE-enhancing and RHD-enhancing discharge planning for colorectal cancer patients with temporary enterostomies.

Insight into the Imbibition Behavior of Low-Frequency Artificial Vibration Stimulation in Tight Sandstone.

Spontaneous imbibition is the primary mechanism responsible for the enhanced oil production in a tight reservoir after hydraulic fracturing. In this article, a low-frequency artificial vibration physics stimulation method was employed to evaluate the effect of low-frequency vibration on imbibition recovery in tight sandstones. Furthermore, a high-precision in situ computed tomography (CT) scan was employed to investigate the effect of low-frequency vibration on the distribution of remaining oil micro-occurrence dynamic alterations in pore space. The findings of the study show that (1) low-frequency artificial physical vibration stimulation has been found to be highly effective in enhancing imbibition recovery in tight sandstone. The sensitivity of the vibration parameters on imbibition recovery from highest to lowest is vibration frequency, vibration intensity, and vibration time. The optimum vibration parameters for this process are a vibration frequency of 30 Hz, a vibration intensity of 2.0 m/s2, and a vibration time of 30 h. (2) Under the optimum low-frequency vibration, the imbibition recovery of tight sandstone with various physical properties can reach between 13.6 and 28.3%. This is remarkably higher than the spontaneous imbibition recovery, which ranges from 9.4 to 17.1%. Additionally, core samples with higher permeability and better pore structure show a more significant increase in imbibition recovery under the vibration treatment. Furthermore, low-frequency vibration stimulation effectively shortens the imbibition completion time, reducing the completion time from 81 h to approximately 55 h. (3) After the spontaneous imbibition process, the initial continuous oil phase present in the pore space is dispersed by the water phase imbibition process. The remaining oil is dominant in the form of a network type, which is concentrated in the central pore space area of the core. Low-frequency vibration treatment can effectively promote a positive imbibition process. The network remaining oil saturation in the core can be further dispersed, especially closer to the surface of the core area after frequency vibration treatment. Then, the cluster remaining oil type with a more dispersed and simpler individual structure has become the new dominant remaining oil micro-occurrence form in the pore space. The findings of this research investigate a novel technological approach to enhance the imbibition efficiency of a tight sandstone reservoir.

[Identification of chemical components in Qinggu San reference sample of classial prescription based on UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS combined with molecular network technology].

The method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)combined with molecular network was developed in this study for rapidly analyzing the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample of classical prescription. Firstly, an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm)was used, and acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid were taken as the mobile phases for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Under these conditions, the mass spectrum data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes of the heated electrospray ionization source. Subsequently, the mass spectrum data of the Qinggu San reference sample were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network(GNPS)platform for calculation and analysis, and a visual molecular network was built with Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. On this basis, the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample were identified by fragmentation regularity of standard compounds, retention time, accurate relative molecular weight of HR-MS, characteristic fragment ions information, literature, and databases. Finally, a total of 105 chemical components were identified and speculated in the Qinggu San reference sample, including 19 iridoid glycosides, 23 flavonoids, 15 phenylpropanoids, 11 triterpene saponins, and 37 other components. Meanwhile, two of these components are potential new compounds. The method used in this study not only achieved rapid and accurate identification of chemical components in the Qinggu San reference sample and provided a scie-ntific basis for the study of pharmacological substances and quality control of Qinggu San compound preparations but also provided a refe-rence for the rapid identification of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations.

A Novel Fracturing Fluid Based on Functionally Modified Nano-Silica-Enhanced Hydroxypropyl Guar Gel.

Considering the damage caused by conventional fracturing fluid in low-permeability reservoirs, a novel fracturing fluid (FNG) combining hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) and functionally modified nano-silica (FMNS) was prepared. The properties of heat/shear resistance, rheological property, proppant transportation, and formation damage were evaluated with systematic experiments. The results showed that the viscosities of FNG before and after the heat/resistance were 1323 mPa·s and 463 mPa·s, respectively, while that of conventional HPG gel was 350 mPa·s. FNG is a pseudoplastic strong gel with a yield stress of 12.9 Pa, a flow behavior index of 0.54, an elastic modulus of 16.2 Pa, and a viscous modulus of 6.2 Pa. As the proportions of proppant mass in further sections transported with FNG were higher than those transported with HPG gel, FNG could transport the proppant better than HPG gel at high temperatures. Because of the amphiphilic characteristics of FMNS, the surface/interface properties were improved by the FNG filtrate, resulting in a lower oil permeability loss rate of 10 percentage points in the matrix than with the filtrated HPG gel. Due to the considerable residual gel in broken HPG gel, the retained conductivity damaged with broken FNG was 9.5 percentage points higher than that damaged with broken HPG gel. FNG shows good potential for reducing formation damage during fracturing in low-permeability reservoirs in China.

Integrating UPLC-MS/MS with in Silico and in Vitro Screening Accelerates the Discovery of Active Compounds in Stephania epigaea.

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are popular in clinic because of their safety and efficacy. They contain abundant natural active compounds, which are important sources of new drug discovery. However, how to efficiently identify active compounds from complex ingredients remains a challenge. In this study, a method combining UHPLC-MS/MS characterization and in silico screening was developed to discover compounds with dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) activity in Stephania epigaea (S. epigaea). By combining the compounds identified in S. epigaea by UHPLC-MS/MS with reported compounds, a virtual library of 80 compounds was constructed for in silico screening. Potentially active compounds were chosen based on screening scores and subsequently tested for in vitro activity on a transfected cell line CHO-K1-D2 model using label-free cellular phenotypic assay. Three D2R agonists and five D2R antagonists were identified. (-)-Asimilobine, N-nornuciferine and (-)-roemerine were reported for the first time as D2R agonists, with EC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.04 µM, 1.37 ± 0.10 µM and 0.82 ± 0.22 µM, respectively. Their target specificity was validated by desensitization and antagonism assay. (-)-Isocorypalmine, (-)-tetrahydropalmatine, (-)-discretine, (+)-corydaline and (-)-roemeroline showed strong antagonistic activity on D2R with IC50 values of 92 ± 9.9 nM, 1.73 ± 0.13 µM, 0.34 ± 0.02 µM, 2.09 ± 0.22 µM and 0.85 ± 0.08 µM, respectively. Their kinetic binding profiles were characterized using co-stimulation assay and they were both D2R competitive antagonists. We docked these ligands with human D2R crystal structure and analyzed the structure-activity relationship of aporphine-type D2R agonists and protoberberine-type D2R antagonists. These results would help to elucidate the mechanism of action of S. epigaea for its analgesic and sedative efficacy and benefit for D2R drug design. This study demonstrated the potential of integrating UHPLC-MS/MS with in silico and in vitro screening for accelerating the discovery of active compounds from TCMs.

Exploring shared decision-making needs in lung cancer screening among high-risk groups and health care providers in China: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The intricate balance between the advantages and risks of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) impedes the utilization of lung cancer screening (LCS). Guiding shared decision-making (SDM) for well-informed choices regarding LCS is pivotal. There has been a notable increase in research related to SDM. However, these studies possess limitations. For example, they may ignore the identification of decision support and needs from the perspective of health care providers and high-risk groups. Additionally, these studies have not adequately addressed the complete SDM process, including pre-decisional needs, the decision-making process, and post-decision experiences. Furthermore, the East-West divide of SDM has been largely ignored. This study aimed to explore the decisional needs and support for shared decision-making for LCS among health care providers and high-risk groups in China. METHODS: Informed by the Ottawa Decision-Support Framework, we conducted qualitative, face-to-face in-depth interviews to explore shared decision-making among 30 lung cancer high-risk individuals and 9 health care providers. Content analysis was used for data analysis. RESULTS: We identified 4 decisional needs that impair shared decision-making: (1) LCS knowledge deficit; (2) inadequate supportive resources; (3) shared decision-making conceptual bias; and (4) delicate doctor-patient bonds. We identified 3 decision supports: (1) providing information throughout the LCS process; (2) providing shared decision-making decision coaching; and (3) providing decision tools. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers valuable insights into the decisional needs and support required to undergo LCS among high-risk individuals and perspectives from health care providers. Future studies should aim to design interventions that enhance the quality of shared decision-making by offering LCS information, decision tools for LCS, and decision coaching for shared decision-making (e.g., through community nurses). Simultaneously, it is crucial to assess individuals' needs for effective deliberation to prevent conflicts and regrets after arriving at a decision.

Dissipation and residues of imidacloprid in amaranth under greenhouse and open field cultivations.

Despite the extensive exposure to imidacloprid residues in food plants, there has been little research on imidacloprid residues in amaranth. The dissipation trend and residue behavior of imidacloprid were evaluated to provide guidelines for imidacloprid application on amaranth under open field and greenhouse. The dissipation rate of imidacloprid in amaranth conformed to the first-order kinetic equation, and the half-lives of imidacloprid in amaranth ranged from 0.29 days in open field to 1.29 days in the greenhouse. After 7 and 14 days from the application of imidacloprid (pesticide dosage, 45 or 67.5 g a.i./ha), the amaranth under the open field and greenhouse growth could be consumed safely with average residues of 0.19 and 0.38 mg/kg, respectively. This result demonstrated that the cultivation has the dominant influence on imidacloprid residue, and the residue of imidacloprid in amaranth planting on open field was much lower than that in the greenhouse, indicating a significant difference in the pesticide residues between the two cultivations with a p-value less than 0.05.

The effects of a nurse-led discharge planning on the health outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with stomas: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Nursing care of colorectal cancer patients with stomas presents unique challenges, particularly during the transition from hospital to home. Early discharge programs can assist patients during this critical period. However, the effects of delivering a nurse-led discharge planning program remain under-studied. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of a nurse-led discharge planning on the quality of discharge education, stoma self-efficacy, readiness for hospital discharge, stoma quality of life, incidence of stoma complications, unplanned readmission rate, and length of stays. DESIGN: Assessor-blind parallel-arm randomized controlled trial with a repeated-measures design. SETTING(S): Participants were recruited from inpatients in the colorectal surgery unit of a university-affiliated hospital in Fujian, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 160 patients with colorectal cancer who received enterostomy surgery and were scheduled to be discharged to their homes. METHOD: Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. The former received nurse-led discharge planning in addition to the usual discharge education, while the control group received only the usual discharge education. The program included an assessment, health education, stoma care, stoma support, discharge review, discharge medication and checklist integration, discharge referral, and post-hospital follow-up. Baseline data were collected prior to the intervention (T0). Data on the quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge, stoma self-efficacy, and stoma quality of life were measured on the day of discharge from the hospital (T1). Patients' stoma self-efficacy and quality of life were repeat-measured 30 (T2) and 90 days post-discharge (T3). Data on stoma complications (T1, T2, T3), length of stays (T1), and unplanned readmission (T2, T3) were collected from medical records. RESULTS: Participants in the intervention group showed significant improvement in the quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge, stoma self-efficacy, stoma quality of life, complications, and unplanned readmission, compared to the control group (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in length of stays (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The program was effective for improving quality of discharge teaching, readiness for hospital discharge, stoma self-efficacy, and stoma quality of life, as well as for reducing complications and unplanned readmission among stoma patients. Integration of discharge planning into the usual process of care is recommended for clinical practice to facilitate a successful transition from hospital to home. REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR2200058756) on April 16, 2022, and participant recruitment was initiated in May 2022.

Diet Mediate the Impact of Host Habitat on Gut Microbiome and Influence Clinical Indexes by Modulating Gut Microbes and Serum Metabolites.

The impact of external factors on the human gut microbiota and how gut microbes contribute to human health is an intriguing question. Here, the gut microbiome of 3,224 individuals (496 with serum metabolome) with 109 variables is studied. Multiple analyses reveal that geographic factors explain the greatest variance of the gut microbiome and the similarity of individuals' gut microbiome is negatively correlated with their geographic distance. Main food components are the most important factors that mediate the impact of host habitats on the gut microbiome. Diet and gut microbes collaboratively contribute to the variation of serum metabolites, and correlate to the increase or decrease of certain clinical indexes. Specifically, systolic blood pressure is lowered by vegetable oil through increasing the abundance of Blautia and reducing the serum level of 1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1), but it is reduced by fruit intake through increasing the serum level of Blautia improved threonate. Besides, aging-related clinical indexes are also closely correlated with the variation of gut microbes and serum metabolites. In this study, the linkages of geographic locations, diet, the gut microbiome, serum metabolites, and physiological indexes in a Chinese population are characterized. It is proved again that gut microbes and their metabolites are important media for external factors to affect human health.

Screening behaviors of high-risk individuals for lung cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate current screening behaviors among high-risk individuals and analyse the factors that influence them. Methods: A cross-sectional of 1652 high-risk individuals were recruited in Fujian Province, China from February to October 2022. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants were collected and other survey measures included a lung cancer and lung cancer screening knowledge questionnaire and a stage of adoption algorithm. Standardized measures on surveys were comprised of the: Lung Cancer Screening Health Belief Scales, Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Patient Trust in the Medical Profession Scale. Factors associated with screening behavior were identified using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Lung cancer screening behavior stages were largely reported as Stage 1 and Stage 2 (64.4%). The facilitators of lung cancer screening included urban residence (OR = 1.717, 95% CI: 1.224-2.408), holding administrative positions (OR = 16.601, 95% CI: 2.118-130.126), previous lung cancer screening behavior (OR = 10.331, 95% CI: 7.463-14.302), media exposure focused on lung cancer screening (OR = 1.868, 95% CI: 1.344-2.596), a high level of knowledge about lung cancer and lung cancer screening (OR = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.185-1.332), perceived risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.123, 95% CI: 1.029-1.225) and lung cancer screening health beliefs (OR = 1.090, 95% CI: 1.067-1.113). A barrier to lung cancer screening was found to be social influence (influence of friends or family) (OR = 0.669, 95% CI: 0.465-0.964). Conclusions: This study found a low participation rate in lung cancer screening and identified eight factors that affected lung cancer screening behaviors among high-risk individuals. Findings suggest targeted lung cancer screening programs should be developed based on identified influencing factors in order to effectively promote awareness and uptake of lung cancer screening.

A latent class analysis of family resilience and its relationship with fear of recurrence in lung cancer patients: a cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Family resilience helps cancer-affected families overcome challenges and may influence an individual's fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). Identifying distinct classes of family resilience among lung cancer patients is crucial for tailored interventions. This study aimed to identify latent classes of family resilience in lung cancer patients and explore their relationships with FCR. METHODS: Three hundred ten lung cancer patients from three hospitals in Fujian were recruited from June to September 2021. Clinical data were extracted from medical records, while sociodemographic details, family resilience, and FCR were self-reported. A latent class analysis was performed to identify family resilience classes. RESULTS: A 4-class solution showed the best fit. Compared to Class 1, the patients who had no comorbidities (ORs = 3.480-16.005) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 2 and 3, while those who were not family breadwinners (ORs = 0.118-0.176) had a decreased likelihood. Further, the patients who (1) did not lack interest/pleasure in doing things during the past 2-week period (OR = 7.057), (2) were never smokers (OR = 6.230), and (3) were urban residents (OR = 8.985) had an increased likelihood of belonging to Class 4, while those who were (1) male (OR = 0.167), (2) not the family breadwinner (OR = 0.152), and (3) had none or only one child (OR = 0.203) had a decreased likelihood of belonging to Class 4. The FCR level differed significantly among these four classes. CONCLUSION: Our study identified four distinct classes of family resilience among Chinese lung cancer patients. FCR severity decreased with increasing levels of family resilience.

[Trends of eating out among males in China and its correlation with nutrition and health during 2000 to 2018].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend of eating out among Chinese male adults and explore the association between eating out and dietary nutrition and health. METHODS: Males aged 18 and above with complete data were selected from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2018. Eating out behavior was defined as having consumption of food prepared outside the home during the three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls period. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trend of prevalence of eating out and the energy contribution from eating out foods in males from 2000 to 2018. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the differences in several food and dietary nutrient intakes and nutritional indicators by eating out in 2018. RESULTS: The prevalence of eating out among Chinese male adults increased from 48.49% in 2000 to 57.51% in 2018, showing an increased trend followed by a decreased trend. Males in the 18-29 years old group, urban group, high income group, and high education level group had a higher rate of eating out(P<0.05). The energy contribution from eating out foods increased from 21.80% in 2000 to 28.77% in 2018, showing a slow upward trend. In 2018, the intake of rice, tubers and vegetables was lower in the eating out group, while intake of wheat, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, aquatic products, eggs and milk in eating out group was higher than those in the non-eating out group(P<0.05). The eating out group had a higher intake of energy, fat, protein, cholesterol, calcium, zinc, vitamin B_1 and vitamin B_2 than the non-eating out group(P<0.05). The eating out group had lower levels of systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin than the counterparts. The levels of BMI, waist, body fat percentage, diastolic blood pressure and TG were higher in the eating out group than in the non-eating out group. CONCLUSION: From 2000 to 2011, the eating out rate of males in China showed an upward trend, and a downward trend after 2011. At the same time, the energy contribution of eating out foods is increasing. Eating out was associated with major food and nutrients intake and indicators of nutritional status in male adults.