Dual-electrode signal amplification self-powered biosensing platform based on nanozyme boosting target-induced DNA nanospace array for ultrasensitive detection of sugarcane Pokkah Boeng disease pathogenic bacteria.

Sugarcane is a crop with significant economic importance worldwide. However, pokkah boeng disease poses a serious threat to its production and the sustainable development. There is a pressing necessity for precise and portable detection methods. We develop a dual-electrode signal amplification biosensing platform, for highly sensitive detection of sugarcane pokkah boeng disease pathogenic bacteria. This innovative platform integrates highly catalytic AuNPs/Mn3O4 nanozymes with N-GDY, along with a target-induced development of DNA nanostructure arrays. AuNPs/N-GDY serves as dual electrode substrates, and AuNPs/Mn3O4 nanozymes are surface-loaded as the bioanode. The biocathode is constructed by introducing DNA nanospace arrays onto the electrode through target-induced methods. [Ru(NH3)6]3+ is embedded into the nucleic acid double-helix scaffold via electrostatic adsorption, generating an EOCV signal that is strongly correlated with the target concentration. To further enhance sensitivity, the detection platform is combined with a capacitor to amplify the detection signal, utilizing its high power density, which results in a 22.5-fold increase in sensitivity. The method offers a linear detection range of 0.0001 to 10,000 pM and an detection limit of 32.5 aM (S/N = 3). This method supplies a novel approach for real-time monitoring and competent oversight of pokkah boeng disease pathogenic bacteria.

Advancing polarity-transcendent design: Development of a photoelectrochemical sensor with extended detection range.

In photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors, traditional detection modes such as "signal-on", "signal-off", and "polarity-switchable" limit target signals to a single polarity range, necessitating novel design strategies to enhance the operational scope. To overcome this limitation, we propose, for the first time, a "polarity-transcendent" design concept that enables a continuous response across the polarity spectrum, significantly broadening the sensor's concentration detection range. This concept is exemplified in our new "background-enhanced signal-off polarity-switchable" (BESOPS) mode, where the model analyte let-7a activates a cascade shearing reaction of a DNAzyme walker in conjunction with CRISPR/Cas12a, quantitatively peeling off Cu2O-H2 strands at the Cu2O/TiO2 electrode interface to expose the TiO2 surface. This exposure generates an anodic photocurrent at the expense of the cathodic photocurrent from Cu2O/TiO2, facilitating a seamless transition of the target signal from cathodic to anodic. Through systematic experiments and comparative analyses, the BESOPS sensor demonstrates highly sensitive and precise quantification of let-7a, with a detection limit of 2.5 aM and a broad operating range of 10 aM to 10 nM. Its performance exceeds most reported sensor platforms, highlighting the significant potential of our polarity-transcendent design in expanding the operational range of PEC sensors. This innovative approach paves the way for developing next-generation PEC sensors with enhanced applicability and heightened sensitivity in various critical fields.

A Smartphone-Mediated "All-In-One" Biosensing Chip for Visual and Value-Assisted Detection.

A smartphone-mediated self-powered biosensor is fabricated for miRNA-141 detection based on the CRISPR/Cas12a cross-cutting technique and a highly efficient nanozyme. As a novel nanozyme and a signal-amplified coreaction accelerator, the AuPtPd@GDY nanozyme exhibits an excellent ability to catalyze cascade color reactions and high conductivity to enhance the electrochemical signal for miRNA-141 assays. After CRISPR/Cas12a cross-cutting of S2-glucose oxidase (S2-GOD), the electrochemical signal is weakened, and miRNA-141 is detected by monitoring the decrease in the signal. On the other hand, a cascade reaction among glucose, H2O2, and TMB is catalyzed by GOD and AuPtPd@GDY, respectively, resulting in a color change of the solution, which senses miRNA-141. The self-powered biosensor enables value-assisted and visual detection of miRNA-141 with limits of detection of 3.1 and 15 aM, respectively. Based on the dual-modal self-powered sensing system, a smartphone-mediated "all-in-one" biosensing chip is designed to achieve the real-time and intelligent monitoring of miRNA-141. This work provides a new approach to design multifunctional biosensors to realize the visualization and portable detection of tumor biomarkers.

Target-Triggered Multiple-Polarity-Switchable Multiplexed Photoelectrochemical Platform.

Convenient and accurate quantification of disease-relevant multitargets is essential for community disease screening. However, in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors for multisubstance detection, research on the continuous detection of multiple targets using a polarity-switching mode is scarce. In this study, a multiplexed PEC bioassay was developed based on a target-triggered "anodic-cathodic-anodic" multiple-polarity-switchable mode. Employing miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 as model analytes, the photosensitive material combinations of Cu2O/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/TiO2 and CdS/AuNPs/TiO2 were successively formed through the specific binding of different whisker branches of Whisker-DNA to Cu2O-H1 and the CdS-tripod DNA ring, respectively. This process reverses the photocurrent polarity from anodic to cathodic and then back to anodic upon detecting different targets, resulting in the high-sensitivity quantification of various biological targets with reduced interference. To enhance the device's utility and affordability in community disease screening, integrating a capacitor and a multimeter-smartphone connection simplifies the assembly and reduces costs. In developing the PEC sensor, the device demonstrated linear detection ranges for miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 from 0.01 fM to 10 nM. Detection limits for miRNA-21 and miRNA-141 were established at 3.2 and 4.3 aM, respectively. The innovative target-triggered multiple-polarity-switchable mode offers adaptability for other multitarget detections by simply modifying the structure of the whisker branches and the combination of photosensitive materials.

CRISPR/Cas12a-triggered ordered concatemeric DNA probes signal-on/off multifunctional analytical sensing system for ultrasensitive detection of thalassemia.

Based on CRISPR/Cas12a triggered ordered concatemeric DNA probes, a "on/off" self-powered biosensor is developed to achieve highly sensitive detection of thalassemia gene CD142 through open-circuit potential-assisted visual signal output. The ingeniously constructed glucose oxidase (GOD)-functionalized ordered concatemeric DNA probe structure can significantly amplify signal output, while the coupled CRISPR/Cas12a system is served as a "signal switch" with excellent signal-transducing capabilities. When the ordered concatemeric DNA probe structure is anchored on electrode, the response signal of the sensing system is in the "signal on" mode. While, the presence of the target activates the non-specific cleavage activity of the CRISPR/Cas12a system, causing the sensing system to switch to the "signal off" mode. In the detection system, GOD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to produce hydrogen peroxide, which further catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to form a color product, enabling visual signal of the target through naked-eye color contrast. By employing a multifunctional analytical mode combining electrochemical and visual signal outputs, accurate determination of the target is achieved, with linear ranges of 0.0001-100 pM, and detection limits of 48.1 aM (S/N = 3). This work provides a reference method for sensitive detection of thalassemia genes and holds great diagnostic potential in biomedical applications.

Controllable construction of ZIF-derived Co9S8 hollow polyporous polyhedrons with Ru-doping for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction.

Ru-doped Co9S8 hollow porous polyhedrons (Ru-Co9S8 HPPs) derived from zeolitic-imidazolate-frameworks were synthesized through hydrothermal coprecipitation and thermal decomposition methods. The results indicate that Ru-Co9S8-500 HPPs possess a strong Ru-Co synergistic effect, large electrochemical surface area, and sufficient active sites, endowing them with excellent hydrogen evolution reaction performance.

MoS2/ReS2 Hollow Heterojunction for Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Storage Performance.

The research of cathode materials for water-based zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) is very hot because the current mainstream electrode makes it difficult to meet the requirements of high specific discharge capacity and maintain a stable structure in the electrochemical process. In this work, the cathode properties are adjusted by the modification idea of morphology regulation and heterojunction construction. The simple hydrothermal method is used to prepare the hollow bimetallic heterojunction nanospheres, and their electrochemical properties as cathode materials for ZIBs are studied for the first time. Herein, the optimized cathode delivers high-rate performance and long-term cycling stability (∼98.9% Coulombic efficiency at 0.1 A g-1 after 200 cycles). The results indicate that the hollow bimetallic heterojunction nanospheres can support the material structure and provide a wide Zn2+ migration channel. The excellent performance is because hollow heterojunction bimetallic sulfides can provide abundant catalytic active sites, improve the mobility of electrons, and enhance the battery performance fundamentally. Therefore, we firmly believe that the combination of the different modification ideas can coordinate to adjust the electrode performance of ZIBs, enriching the electrode types and expanding the energy system application range.

Multiple signal amplification strategy induced by biomarkers of lung cancer: A self-powered biosensing platform adapted for smartphones.

Lung cancer is a major malignant cancer with low survival rates, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Herein, a biosensing platform that is self-powered derived from a capacitor-coupled EBFC has been developed for ultra-sensitive real-time identification of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) with the assistance of a mobile phone. The flexible substrate of the platform is prepared on a carbon paper modified with graphdiyne and gold nanoparticles. The biosensor employs DNAzyme-mediated dual strand displacement amplification, which enhances the signal output intensity of the EBFC and improves selectivity. The coupling of the capacitor with the EBFC significantly amplifies the sensing signal, causing a 10.6-fold surge in current respond and further improving the sensitivity of the sensing platform. The established detection approach demonstrates a linear relationship varied from 0.0001 to 10,000 pM, with a sensitivity down to 32.3 aM as the minimum detectable limit, which has been effectively utilized for detecting miRNA-21 in practical samples. This sensing system provides strong support for the construction of portable detection devices, and the strategy of the platform construction provides an effective method for ultra-sensitive and accurate detection of miRNA, holding great potential in clinical diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and drug screening for cancer.

Hypoxia leads to gill endoplasmic reticulum stress and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Mitigation effect of thiamine.

Hypoxia in water environment is one of the important problems faced by intensive aquaculture. Under hypoxia stress, the effects of dietary thiamine were investigated on grass carp gill tissue damage and their mechanisms. Six thiamine diets with different thiamine levels (0.22, 0.43, 0.73, 1.03, 1.33 and 1.63 mg/kg) were fed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for 63 days. Then, 96-hour hypoxia stress test was conducted. This study described that thiamine enhanced the growth performance of adult grass carp and ameliorated nutritional status of thiamine (pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid and transketolase). Additionally, thiamine alleviated the deterioration of blood parameters [glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose, cortisol, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte fragility, and red blood cell count (RBC count)] caused by hypoxia stress, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and oxidative damage to the gills. In addition, thiamine alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the gills, which may be related to its inhibition of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. Furthermore, thiamine maintaining mitochondrial dynamics balance was probably related to promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial fission, and inhibiting mitophagy may involve PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) pathway. In summary, thiamine alleviated hypoxia stress in fish gills, which may be related to reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating mitochondrial dynamics balance and reducing mitophagy. The thiamine requirement for optimum growth [percent weight gain (PWG)] of adult grass carp was estimated to be 0.81 mg/kg diet. Based on the index of anti-hypoxia stress (ROS content in gill), the thiamine requirement for adult grass carp was estimated to be 1.32 mg/kg diet.

Novel hollow MoS2@C@Cu2S heterostructures for high zinc storage performance.

Heterostructured materials have great potential as cathodes for zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their fast Zn2+ transport channels. Herein, hollow MoS2@C@Cu2S heterostructures are innovatively constructed using a template-engaged method. The carbon layer improves the electrical conductivity, provides a high in situ growth area, and effectively restricts volume expansion during the recycling process. MoS2 nanosheets are grown on the surfaces of hollow C@Cu2S nanocubes using the in situ template method, further expanding the specific surface area and exposing more active sites to enhance the electrical conductivity. As expected, an admirable reversible capacity of 197.2 mA h g-1 can be maintained after 1000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 91.1%. Therefore, we firmly believe that this work points the way forward for high-performance materials design and energy storage systems.

A sandwich-type dual-mode biosensor based on graphdiyne and DNA nanoframework for ultra-sensitive detection of CD142 gene.

Thalassemia is a globally prevalent single-gene blood disorder, with nearly 7% of the world's population being carriers. Therefore, the development of specific and sensitive methods for thalassemia detection holds significant importance. Herein, a sandwich-type electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor is developed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/graphdiyne (GDY) and DNA nanoframeworks for ultra-sensitive detection of CD142 gene associated with sickle cell anemia. Utilizing AuNPs/GDY as the substrate electrode, the fabricated sandwiched DNA nanoframework not only improves selectivity but also introduces numerous signal probes to further amplify the output signal. In the electrochemical mode, glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, generating electrons that are transferred to the biocathode for a reduction reaction, resulting in an electric signal proportional to the target concentration. In the colorimetric mode, glucose oxidase catalyzes the generation of H2O2 from glucose, and with the aid of horseradish peroxidase, H2O2 oxidizes 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine to produce a colored product, enabling colorimetric detection of the target. The dual-mode biosensor demonstrates a detection range of 0.0001-100 pM in the electrochemical mode and a detection range of 0.0001-10,000 pM in the colorimetric mode. The detection limit in the electrochemical mode is determined to be 30.4 aM (S/N=3), while in the colorimetric mode is of 35.6 aM (S/N=3). This dual-mode detection achieves ultra-sensitive detection of CD142, demonstrating broad prospects for application.

Smart enzyme-free amplification dual-mode self-powered platform designed on two-dimensional networked graphdiyne and DNA nanorods for ultra-sensitive detection of breast cancer biomarkers.

Research has shown that microRNAs exhibit regular dysregulation in cancers, making them potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, achieving specific and sensitive detection of microRNAs has been a challenging task. To address this issue, two-dimensional networked graphdiyne is used to fabricate a self-powered biosensor and establish a new approach for ultra-responsive dual-mode detection of miRNA-141, a breast cancer biomarker. This method detects miRNA-141 using both electrochemical and colorimetric modes by measuring the output electrical signal of an enzyme-based biofuel cell and the RGB blue value of the electrolyte solution. Tetrahedral DNA and DNA nanorods also are immobilized on the electrode as a biocathode and methylene blue is used as the electron acceptor, which is fixed in the DNA phosphate backbone through electrostatic adsorption. The bioanode catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to produce electrons, which reduces methylene blue to its reduced form, resulting in a high open-circuit voltage (EOCV) and a highger RGB Blue value, enabling dual-mode detection. A reliable linear correlation is observed between EOCV values and miRNA-141 concentrations ranging from 0.0001 to 100 pM, with a detection limit of 21.9 aM (S/N = 3). Additionally, the colorimetric mode also demonstrates a reliable linear correlation with a concentration range of 0.0001-10000 pM, and this method can detect a concentration of 22.2 aM (S/N = 3). This innovative research realizes sensitive and accurate determination of miRNA-141 and provides an important new method for cancer diagnosis.

Flexible Self-Powered Sensing System Based on Novel DNA Circuit Strategy and Graphdiyne for Thalassemia Gene by Rapid Naked-Eye Tracking and Open-Circuit Voltage.

Based on the controllable instantaneous self-assembly ability of long-chain branched DNA nanostructures and the synergistic effect between nucleic acid amplification without enzymes, a highly sensitive and highly specific self-powered biosensing platform is developed. Two-dimensional graphdiyne is prepared, modified on flexible carbon cloth, and then functionalized with gold nanoparticles. When DNA mi-tubes are applied on it, target thalassemia gene CD122 triggers a dual-catalytic hairpin assembly reaction. The generated nanoscale DNA is precisely captured by the DNA mi-tube, exposing binding sites and activating the hybridization chain reaction to form long-chain branched DNA. Double-stranded DNA, along with dendritic DNA carrying a large number of guanine bases, precisely captures the signal molecule methylene blue (MB), generating a significant electrochemical signal. The redox reaction of MB also causes a proportional change in the system's color, achieving a colorimetric detection functionality. An efficient dual-mode self-powered sensing platform, therefore, is established for detecting the thalassemia gene CD122. The linear response range of target concentration to open-circuit voltage and RGB Blue value is 0.0001-10,000 pM. The detection limit under electrochemical mode is 36.3 aM (S/N = 3), and under colorimetric mode, it is as low as 12.1 aM (S/N = 3). The new method exhibits high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and high accuracy, providing a universal strategy for designing novel biosensing platforms that can be extended to the detection of other biomolecules.

Smart Target-Initiated Catalytic DNA Junction Circuit Amplification Strategy for the Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Detection of MicroRNA.

One of the highly attractive research directions in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field is how to regulate and improve ECL efficiency. Quantum dots (QDs) are highly promising ECL materials due to their adjustable luminescence size and strong luminous efficiency. MoS2 NSs@QDs, an ECL emitter, is synthesized via hydrothermal methods, and its ECL mechanism is investigated using cyclic voltammetry and ECL-potential curves. Then, a stable and vertical attachment of a triplex DNA (tsDNA) probe to the MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) is applied to the electrode. Next, an innovative ECL sensor is courageously empoldered for precise and ultrasensitive detection of target miRNA-199a through the agency of ECL-resonance energy transfer (RET) strategy and a dextrous target-initiated catalytic three-arm DNA junction assembly (CTDJA) based on a toehold strand displacement reaction (TSDR) signal amplification approach. Impressively, the ingenious system not only precisely regulates the distance between energy donor-acceptor pairs leave energy less loss and more ECL-RET efficiency, but also simplifies the operational procedure and verifies the feasibility of this self-assembly process without human intervention. This study can expand MoS2 NSs@QDs utilization in ECL biosensing applications, and the proposed nucleic acid amplification strategy can become a miracle cure for ultrasensitive detecting diverse biomarkers, which helps researchers to better study the tumor mechanism, thereby unambiguously increasing cancer cure rates and reducing the risk of recurrence.

A highly sensitive self-powered sensing method designed on DNA circuit strategy and MoS2 hollow nanorods for detection of thalassemia.

Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic diseases, which seriously affects human growth and development, cardiovascular system, liver, etc. There is currently no effective cure for this disease, making screening for thalassemia particularly important. Herein, a self-powered portable device with high sensitivity and specificity for efficiently screening of low-level thalassemia is developed which is enabled with AuNPs/MoS2@C hollow nanorods and triple nucleic acid amplification technologies. It is noteworthy that AuNPs/MoS2@C electrode shows the advantages of high electrocatalytic activity, fast carrier migration rate and large specific surface area, which can significantly improve the stability and output signal of the platform. Using high-efficiency tetrahedral DNA as the probe, the target CD122 gene associated with thalassemia triggers a catalytic hairpin assembly reaction to achieve CD122 recycling while providing binding sites for subsequent hybridization chain reaction, greatly improving the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the device. A reliable electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode assay for CD122 is then established, with a linear response range of 0.0001-100 pM for target concentration and open circuit voltage, and the detection limit is 78.7 aM (S/N = 3); a linear range of 0.0001-10000 pM for CD122 level and RGB Blue value, with a detection limit as low as 58.5 aM (S/N = 3). This method achieves ultra-sensitive and accurate detection of CD122, providing a new method for the rapid and accurate screening of thalassemia.

Self-powered dual-mode sensing strategy based on graphdiyne and DNA nanoring for sensitive detection of tumor biomarker.

MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) is currently the only known oncogenic miRNA that is upregulated in almost all malignant tumors and exhibits a broad spectrum of tumor recognition characteristics. It holds significant value in the early diagnosis, malignant degree assessment, and prognostic evaluation of tumors. In this study, a novel dual-mode self-powered sensing platform is developed using Au nanoparticles/graphdiyne as the electrode substrate and combined with DNA nanoring for highly sensitive and specific detection of miRNA-21. The DNA nanoring structure, which is easy to prepare and contains multiple recognition sites, induces significant electrochemical/colorimetric signal responses of the signaling molecule methylene blue. Under optimal conditions, the linear ranges of the electrochemical and colorimetric detection modes of this self-powered sensor are 0.1 fM-100 pM and 0.1 fM-10 nM, respectively, with the detection limits of 35.1 aM and 61.6 aM (S/N=3). This strategy provides a new reference for the sensitive detection of microRNA and has immense potential for application in the screening and detection of clinical nucleic acid diseases.

Smartphone-Assisted Flexible Electrochemical Sensor Platform by a Homology DNA Nanomanager Tailored for Multiple Cancer Markers Field Inspection.

In this work, an ingenious sensor technology was established by integrating the EBFCs on a flexible paper strip carrier (PE) that was used for simultaneous detection of tumor markers in complex samples. Adopting high performance ultrathin graphdiyne (U-GDY) as the substrate can increase the enzyme load, accelerate the electron transfer rate, and significantly enhance the detection sensitivity. A homologous DNA nanomanager strategy cleverly uses signal switches to recycle and amplify target miRNAs, while the smartphone receives real-time instantaneous current values to realize multivariate detection. Electrochemical data show that the detection limits (LODs) of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 are 0.09 and 0.15 fM in the wide concentration range. The results confirm that the tailored sensor platform provides a strategy for the early cancer diagnosis and lays the foundation for the construction of a flexible wearable platform.

Enhancing biosensing with fourfold amplification and self-powering capabilities: MoS2@C hollow nanorods-mediated DNA hexahedral framework architecture for amol-level liver cancer tumor marker detection.

Two-dimensional carbon-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2@C) hollow nanorods are combined with nucleic acid signal amplification strategies and DNA hexahedral nanoframework to construct a novel self-powered biosensing platform for ultra-sensitive dual-mode detection of tumor suppressor microRNA-199a. The nanomaterial is applied on carbon cloth and then modified with glucose oxidase or using as bioanode. A large number of double helix DNA chains are produced on bicathode by nucleic acid technologies including 3D DNA walker, hybrid chain reaction and DNA hexahedral nanoframework to adsorb methylene blue, producing high EOCV signal. Methylene blue also is reduced and an increased RGB Blue value is observed. For microRNA-199a detection, the assay shows a extensive linear range of 0.0001-100 pM with a low detection limit of 4.94 amol/L (S/N = 3). The method has been applied to the detection of actual serum samples, providing a novel method for the accurate and sensitive detection of tumor markers.

An ingenious designed dual mode self-powered biosensing platform based on graphdiyne heterostructure substrate for instant hepatocarcinoma marker detection.

We report here for the first time a self-powered biosensing platform based on graphene/graphdiyne/graphene (GDY-Gr) heterostructure substrate material for ultrasensitive hepatocarcinoma marker (microRNA-21) detection in both electrochemical and colorimetric test modes. The dual-mode signal intuitively displayed on a smartphone fundamentally improves the detection accuracy. In electrochemical mode, the calibration curve is established in the linear range of 0.1-10000 fM, and the detection limit is as low as 0.333 fM (S/N = 3). Simultaneously, colorimetric analysis of the miRNA-21 is realized by using ABTS as an indicator. The detection limit is confirmed as 32 fM (S/N = 3), and miRNA-21 of concentration from 0.1 pM to 1 nM exhibit a linear relationship with R2 = 0.9968. Overall, the combination of GDY-Gr and multiple signal amplification strategy significantly improved the sensitivity by 310 times compared with traditional enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) based detection platform, showing broad application prospects for on-site analysis and future mobile medical services.

Constructed a self-powered sensing platform based on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres for ultra-sensitive detection and real-time tracking of double markers.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is acute necrosis of a portion of the myocardium caused by myocardial ischemia, which seriously threatens people's health and life safety. Its early diagnosis is a difficult problem in clinical medicine. Research has found that the abnormal expression of microRNA-199a (miR-199a) and microRNA-499 (miR-499) was closely related to AMI disease. In this work, we took advantage of the structural advantages of nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (N-HCNSs) to design an ultra-sensitive, portable real-time monitoring visual self-powered biosensor system, which based on dual-target miRNAs triggered catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) for sensitive detection of miR-199a and miR-499. In addition, the capacitor and the smartphone are introduced into the system to realize the secondary improvement of system sensitivity and portable real-time visual monitoring. Under optimized conditions, in the linear range of 0.1-100000 aM, the detection limits of miR-199a and miR-499 are 0.031 and 0.027 aM, respectively. At the same time, the ultra-sensitive detection of miRNAs is realized in the serum sample, and the recovery rate of miR-199a and miR-499 are 98.0-106.0% (RSD: 0.6-8.1%) and 94.0-109.7% (RSD: 1.8-7.7%), respectively. The method is simple, sensitive and can be used for real-time tracking and portable monitoring of related diseases.