Exploring the impact of culture techniques and patient demographics on the success rate of primary culture of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Background/purpose: Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have the potential for regenerating periodontal tissue. The study aims to investigate the impact of demographics (ages, gender, disease) and culture techniques (shipping storage time and culture method) on the success of primary culture. Materials and methods: PDLSCs were collected from 51 teeth of 26 patients and cultured via outgrowth (OG) and enzymatic digestion (ED) methods. Cells characteristics were confirmed by flow cytometry, MTT, and ARS. The primary culture success rate was evaluated with a serial chi-square test to determine the relationship with culture technique (ED/OG and ≤4 h/prolonged culture) and patient demographics (Young/Old, Female/Male, and Health/Periodontitis). Results: The overall success rate of Health group (69.7%) was higher than Periodontitis (38.9%). Culturing within 4 h possessed a higher success rate (71.8%) than prolonged group (16.7%) regardless of patient demographics, and using OG method (81.5%) revealed more promising. Subgroup analysis of 39 cases (culture within 4 h) found that the success rate of OG was higher than ED in the Old group (87.5%-25.0%) and in the Periodontitis group (83.3%-25.0%). Conclusion: Primary culturing of PDLSCs within 4 h and using the outgrowth method led to higher success rates regardless of patient demographics. It can achieve successful PDLSCs culture of older patients or patients with periodontal disease by appropriate culture technique.

Dopant effect on the optical and thermal properties of the 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (HDA)2PbBr4.

Lead-based two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D HOIPs) are popular materials with various optical properties, which can be tuned through metal ion doping. Due to the size and valence misfit, metal ion dopants in 2D lead-based HOIPs are still limited. In this work, Mn2+, Sb3+ and Bi3+ are doped into 2D (HDA)2PbBr4 (HDA = protonated dopamine) successfully. As a result, the dopants in 2D (HDA)2PbBr4 can induce their characteristic optical spectra, which is studied at different temperatures and excitation powers. The temperature-dependent energy transfer in the Mn-doped sample has been clarified, in which abnormal phenomena including negative thermal quenching have been observed. In addition, the dopant ions can impact the phase transition temperatures of the samples, especially lowering their crystallization temperatures greatly. The mussel-inspired organic cation, feasible metal ion regulation, and superior stability provide (HDA)2PbBr4 potential for further applications.

Green synthesis of carbon-supported ultrafine ZnS nanoparticles for superior lithium-ion batteries.

Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, abundance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Herein, a hydrangea-like ZnS-carbon composite (ZnS-NC) is synthesized through the hydrothermal method and subsequent pyrolysis of a supramolecular precursor guanosine. The resulting composite comprises ultrafine ZnS nanoparticles firmly stabilized on a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix, featuring mesoporous channels and high surface areas. When utilized as an anode material for LIBs, the initial discharge specific capacity of the ZnS-NC electrode reaches an impressive value of 944 mA h g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, and even after 450 cycles, it maintains a reversible capacity of 597 mA h g-1. Compared with pure ZnS, the ZnS-NC composite exhibits significantly improved rate performance and cycling stability. This enhancement in Li-storage performance can be attributed to a synergistic effect within the ZnS-NC composite, which arises from the large exposed active site area, efficient ion/electron transfer, and strong interaction between the ZnS nanoparticles and the carbon framework. Overall, this work presents an eco-friendly approach for developing metal sulfide-carbon composites with exceptional potential for energy storage applications.

Deep-learning based breast cancer detection for cross-staining histopathology images.

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the gold standard for tissue characterization in routine pathological diagnoses. However, these visible light dyes do not exclusively label the nuclei and cytoplasm, making clear-cut segmentation of staining signals challenging. Currently, fluorescent staining technology is much more common in clinical research for analyzing tissue morphology and protein distribution owing to its advantages of channel independence, multiplex labeling, and the possibility of enabling 3D tissue labeling. Although both H&E and fluorescent dyes can stain the nucleus and cytoplasm for representative tissue morphology, color variation between these two staining technologies makes cross-analysis difficult, especially with computer-assisted artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. In this study, we applied color normalization and nucleus extraction methods to overcome the variation between staining technologies. We also developed an available workflow for using an H&E-stained segmentation AI model in the analysis of fluorescent nucleic acid staining images in breast cancer tumor recognition, resulting in 89.6% and 80.5% accuracy in recognizing specific tumor features in H&E- and fluorescent-stained pathological images, respectively. The results show that the cross-staining inference maintained the same precision level as the proposed workflow, providing an opportunity for an expansion of the application of current pathology AI models.

Mussel-Inspired Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskite Facilitated Dopamine Polymerization and Self-Adhesive Photoelectric Coating.

Polydopamine (PDA) is a good adhesion agent for lots of gels inspired by the mussel, whereas hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) usually exhibit extraordinary optoelectronic performance. Herein, mussel-inspired chemistry has been integrated with two-dimensional HOIPs first, leading to the preparation of new crystal (HDA)2PbBr4 (1) (DA = dopamine). The organic cation dopamine can be introduced into PDA resulting in a thin film of (HPDA)2PbBr4 (PDA-1). The dissolved inorganic components of layered perovskite in DMF solution together with H2O2 addition can facilitate DA polymerization greatly. More importantly, PDA-1 can inherit an excellent semiconductor property of HOIPs and robust adhesion of the PDA hydrogel resulting in a self-adhesive photoelectric coating on various interfaces.

Comparison of pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis and catheter-directed thrombolysis for treating thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusion of the lower limb.

BACKGROUND: Whether pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis (PMT) results in superior outcomes to catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in treating thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusion of the lower limbs is unclear. METHODS: We enrolled 94 patients with Rutherford class I-IIb due to thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusion in the lower limbs and who received emergency endovascular treatment. Baseline demographics, laboratory data, angiography and clinical outcomes were collected through chart reviews and fluoroscopic imaging. The procedural characteristics (thrombolytic drug dosage, treatment duration, and additional procedures), immediate angiographic outcomes (patency of calf vessels, and complete lysis), complications (major bleeding, and fasciotomy), and primary composite end-points (30-day mortality, amputation, and reocclusion) were compared between patients who received CDT versus PMT. RESULTS: Compared with CDT, PMT was independently associated with lower total UK dosage (standardized coefficient ß=- 0.44; P<0.01) and higher prevalence of complete lysis (odds ratio =1.78, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.06; P=0.04) after adjustments of covariates. The PMT group had significantly shorter treatment duration (23.00 [7.25-39.13] vs. 41.00 [27.00-52.50]; P<0.01). No significant intergroup differences were observed for the primary composite end point (10.7% vs. 9.1%; P=0.81), or prevalence of the major bleeding (9.1% vs. 0.0%; P=0.10) despite the PMT group comprising patients with more advanced chronic kidney disease and more diffuse thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: PMT with a Rotarex is a safe and effective strategy for treating thrombotic or embolic lower limb ischemia. It significantly reduced the thrombolytic drug dosage, and resulted in the complete lysis being more likely.

The Role of Entrepreneur Cognition on Core Rigidity.

Against the backdrop of economic internationalization and market globalization, the world has witnessed faster competitive contents with a more dynamic market environment, a more rapid technological innovation, and more diverse customer needs. Thus, for every enterprise especially led by entrepreneurs, the focus is to maintain the sustainability of competitive advantages and dynamically transform core capacity to avoid rigidity. This paper introduces the process of the deepened rigidity in WS Co. Company, which occurs due to the wrong cognition of Dr. S and his teams who managed or failed to respond to the rigidity encountered by the company during different periods. The rigidity of its capacity is believed to be caused by the cognitive errors of the entrepreneur and his team facing every period of potential rigidity, which makes them fail to deal with it (or choose the wrong methods), thus leading to complete rigidity. This paper intends to explain how rigidity takes shape from the cognitive aspect of senior managers, which may serve as illuminations for the similar enterprises led by entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneur Hubris, Organizational Ambidexterity, and Dynamic Capability Construction.

This paper demonstrated the influences of initiation, development, turn-down, and reinitiation of the dynamic capability of an entrepreneurial firm in the solar energy industry. The focus is on the impact of entrepreneurial hubris, which may affect the decision of ambidexterity that can vitalize dynamic capability. The findings indicate that, when the major decision maker (the founder entrepreneur) has the trait of hubris, the decision-making process may be overly arbitrary, and a decision of being exploratory or exploitative alone is likely to be made. On the contrary, when the founder entrepreneur is aware of the hubris and shares decisive power, the decision of being ambidextrous as a dynamic capability is more freely achieved. This paper contributes by discovery of the cognitive-based microfoundation of entrepreneurial ventures and linkage of such microfoundation to organizational ambidexterity.

Low seroprevalence of Zika virus infection among adults in Southern Taiwan.

BACKGROUND: We recently conducted a serosurvey of newly arrived workers in Taiwan from four Southeast Asian countries which revealed that 1% of the migrant workers had laboratory-confirmed recent Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Taiwan, where Aedes mosquitoes are prevalent, has a close relationship with Southeast Asian countries. Up to now, 21 imported cases of ZIKV infection have been reported in Taiwan, but there has been no confirmed indigenous case. The aim of this serosurvey was to assess whether there was unrecognized ZIKV infections in Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 212 serum samples collected in a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study conducted during the end of the 2015 dengue epidemic in Tainan, Taiwan, were analyzed. Anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) for ZIKV and four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes were performed for samples with positive anti-ZIKV antibodies. A confirmed case of ZIKV infection was defined by ZIKV PRNT90 titer ratio ≥ 4 compared to four DENV serotypes. RESULTS: The mean age of the 212 participants was 54.0 years (standard deviation 13.7 years), and female was predominant (67.0%). Anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG were detected in 0 (0%) and 9 (4.2%) of the 212 participants, respectively. For the 9 samples with anti-ZIKV IgG, only 1 sample had 4 times higher ZIKV PRNT90 titers compared to PRNT90 titers against four dengue virus serotypes; this individual denied having traveled abroad. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that undetected indigenous ZIKV transmission might have occurred in Taiwan. The findings also suggest that the threat of epidemic transmission of ZIKV in Taiwan does exist due to extremely low-level of herd immunity. Our study also indicates that serological tests for ZIKV-specific IgG remain a big challenge due to cross-reactivity, even in dengue non-endemic countries.

Seroprevalence of Zika and Dengue Virus Antibodies among Migrant Workers, Taiwan, 2017.

A serosurvey of 600 workers newly arrived in Taiwan from 4 Southeast Asia countries showed that 18 (3%) were positive for Zika virus IgM; 6 (1%) fulfilled the World Health Organization criteria for laboratory-confirmed recent Zika virus infection. The incidence of Zika virus infection in Southeast Asia might be underestimated.

Identification of Atrial Fibrillation by Quantitative Analyses of Fingertip Photoplethysmogram.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection is crucial for stroke prevention. We investigated the potential of quantitative analyses of photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms to identify AF. Continuous electrocardiogram (EKG) and fingertip PPG were recorded simultaneously in acute stroke patients (n = 666) admitted to an intensive care unit. Each EKG was visually labeled as AF (n = 150, 22.5%) or non-AF. Linear and nonlinear features from the pulse interval (PIN) and peak amplitude (AMP) of PPG waveforms were extracted from the first 1, 2, and 10 min of data. Logistic regression analysis revealed six independent PPG features feasibly identifying AF rhythm, including three PIN-related (mean, mean of standard deviation, and sample entropy), and three AMP-related features (mean of the root mean square of the successive differences, sample entropy, and turning point ratio) (all p < 0.01). The performance of the PPG analytic program comprising all 6 features that were extracted from the 2-min data was better than that from the 1-min data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.972 (95% confidence interval 0.951-0.989) vs. 0.949 (0.929-0.970), p < 0.001 and was comparable to that from the 10-min data [0.973 (0.953-0.993)] for AF identification. In summary, our study established the optimal PPG analytic program in reliably identifying AF rhythm.

Effects of glycosylated (2S,4R)-hydroxyproline on the stability and assembly of collagen triple helices.

Functionalized collagen-mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been widely used in the preparation of collagen-related biomaterials. Among the reported results, the induced noncovalent interactions between the implanted functional groups or moieties were frequently the key elements to promote the self-assembly of small CMPs. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of glycosylated CMPs in which 4-O-[ß-D-galactopyranosyl]-(2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp(Gal)) was incorporated to explore the effects of glycosylation on the stability and assembly of collagen triple helices. Circular dichroism measurements showed that glycosylation of hydroxyproline slightly destabilized the collagen triple helices, but did not reduce their refolding rate. Compared to non-glycosylated CMPs, the incorporation of Hyp(Gal) speeded up the assembly of CMPs, indicating that this modification could assist the self-assembly of CMPs into higher-order structures, such as fibrils. O-Galactosylation of hydroxyproline imposes contrary effects on the triple helix stability and the self-assembly rate of collagen triple helices, exhibiting a piece of important and useful information for designing collagen-related biomaterials. Our finding also suggests that instead of stabilizing the triple helical conformation of CMPs, installing additional forces between CMPs could be a crucial factor to promote the assembly of CMPs into large-scale constructs.

Complexity of Heart Rate Variability Can Predict Stroke-In-Evolution in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

About one-third of acute stroke patients may experience stroke-in-evolution, which is often associated with a worse outcome. Recently, we showed that multiscale entropy (MSE), a non-linear method for analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), is an early outcome predictor in non-atrial fibrillation (non-AF) stroke patients. We aimed to further investigate MSE as a predictor of SIE. We included 90 non-AF ischemic stroke patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Nineteen (21.1%) patients met the criteria of SIE, which was defined as an increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥2 points within 3 days of admission. The MSE of HRV was analyzed from 1-hour continuous ECG signals during the first 24 hours of admission. The complexity index was defined as the area under the MSE curve. Compared with patients without SIE, those with SIE had a significantly lower complexity index value (21.3 ± 8.5 vs 26.5 ± 7.7, P = 0.012). After adjustment for clinical variables, patients with higher complexity index values were significantly less likely to have SIE (odds ratio = 0.897, 95% confidence interval 0.818-0.983, P = 0.020). In summary, early assessment of HRV by MSE can be a potential predictor of SIE in ICU-admitted non-AF ischemic stroke patients.

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis with prominent papillary structure and clear neoplastic cells: morphologic and immunohistochemical findings and differential diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is rare, and its etiology is unknown. The definite diagnosis merely depends on the exclusion of other tumors and histological features. We first describe a 38-year-old man with a carcinoma arising in the rete testis. The tumor was characterized by clear neoplastic cells and branching papillary growth. Focal stromal invasion and transition of normal rete epithelium to neoplastic cells were seen. The neoplastic cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, Ber-Ep4, vimentin, renal cell carcinoma marker, and CD10, while negative for Wilms' tumor 1, thyroid transcription factor-1, estrogen receptor, prostate specific antigen, placental alkaline phosphate, CD117, and alpha-1-fetoprotein. According to the above features, we diagnosed this tumor as adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis with prominently papillary structure and clear neoplastic cells. The rarity of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis and the unique features in our case cause diagnostic pitfalls. A complete clinicopathological study and thorough differential diagnosis are crucial for the correct result.

Solitary metastasis to the breast after complete resection of encapsulated type AB thymoma: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Type AB thymoma is generally considered a benign tumor with excellent prognosis. Rare case reports of type A and AB thymomas with recurrence and metastasis have been documented, although extrathoracic metastases are extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of type AB thymoma with solitary metastasis to the breast. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe an 83-year-old Taiwanese woman with a metastatic thymoma to the breast 10 years after complete resection of noninvasive and encapsulated primary tumor, and analyze the possible factors to explain the recurrence and metastasis of the stage I thymomas. CONCLUSIONS: Even a clinically benign tumor such as type AB thymoma still has a possibility of metastasizing to an unusual site. When any uncommon tumor presents in any site, a suspicion of secondary neoplasm and thorough clinical history are required.

Complexity of heart rate variability predicts outcome in intensive care unit admitted patients with acute stroke .

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been proposed as a predictor of acute stroke outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of a novel non-linear method for analysis of HRV, multiscale entropy (MSE) and outcome of patients with acute stroke who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: The MSE of HRV was analysed from 1 h continuous ECG signals in ICU-admitted patients with acute stroke and controls. The complexity index was defined as the area under the MSE curve (scale 1-20). A favourable outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale 0-2 at 3 months after stroke. RESULTS: The trends of MSE curves in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) (n=77) were apparently different from those in patients with non-AF stroke (n=150) and controls (n=60). In addition, the values of complexity index were significantly lower in the patients with non-AF stroke than in the controls (25.8±.3 vs. 32.3±4.3, p<0.001). After adjustment for clinical variables, patients without AF who had a favourable outcome were significantly related to higher complexity index values (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.25, p<0.001). Importantly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting a favourable outcome of patients with non-AF stroke from clinical parameters was 0.858 (95% CI 0.797 to 0.919) and significantly improved to 0.903 (95% CI 0.853 to 0.954) after adding on the parameter of complexity index values (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: In ICU-admitted patients with acute stroke, early assessment of the complexity of HRV by MSE can help in predicting outcomes in patients without AF.

The C-terminal region of G72 increases D-amino acid oxidase activity.

The schizophrenia-related protein G72 plays a unique role in the regulation of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) in great apes. Several psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, are linked to overexpression of DAO and G72. Whether G72 plays a positive or negative regulatory role in DAO activity, however, has been controversial. Exploring the molecular basis of the relationship between G72 and DAO is thus important to understand how G72 regulates DAO activity. We performed yeast two-hybrid experiments and determined enzymatic activity to identify potential sites in G72 involved in binding DAO. Our results demonstrate that residues 123-153 and 138-153 in the long isoform of G72 bind to DAO and enhance its activity by 22% and 32%, respectively. A docking exercise indicated that these G72 peptides can interact with loops in DAO that abut the entrance of the tunnel that substrate and cofactor must traverse to reach the active site. We propose that a unique gating mechanism underlies the ability of G72 to increase the activity of DAO. Because upregulation of DAO activity decreases d-serine levels, which may lead to psychiatric abnormalities, our results suggest a molecular mechanism involving interaction between DAO and the C-terminal region of G72 that can regulate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission.

Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling and tandem C-H arylation/decarboxylation for the synthesis of heteroaromatic biaryls.

An effective Pd(0) carbene complex was successfully employed in the decarboxylative coupling of the heteroaromatic carboxylic acids (imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and isoxazole) with aryl halides. For carboxyindoles, either decarboxylative coupling or tandem C-H arylation and decarboxylation occurred, leading to the formation of C2-monoarylated indoles.

[Relationships among job rotation perception and intention, job satisfaction and job performance: a study of Tainan area nurses].

BACKGROUND: There have been major changes to the medical care system and heightened standards for quality in the nursing profession in recent decades. Multifunctional capabilities are closely related to individual working attitudes, and work satisfaction directly affects group performance. Hospital administrators increasingly expect to utilize nursing staffs flexibly in terms of working hours and shift rotation assignments. This study addresses the need to provide appropriate educational training to nurses and effectively delegate and utilize human resources in order to help nurses adapt to the rapidly changing medical environment. PURPOSE: This study on nursing staff in Tainan area explored the relationships between job rotation, work performance and satisfaction. METHODS: We used a questionnaire sampling method to survey nurses working in the Tainan area of southern Taiwan. Subjects were volunteers and a total 228 valid questionnaires (99.13%) were returned out of a total 230 sent. RESULTS: Both job satisfaction and performance correlated positively with job rotation perception and intention; Job satisfaction and job performance were positively related; Job satisfaction was found to affect work performance via job rotation perception and intention. CONCLUSIONS: This study found the hospital nursing staff rotation plan to be an effective management method that facilitates social evolution to increase positive perceptions of work rotation. Nursing staffs thus become more accepting of new positions that may enhance job satisfaction.

Prognostic factors in desmoid-type fibromatosis: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 46 cases.

AIMS: To determine risk factors for recurrence of desmoid-type fibromatosis (aggressive fibromatosis). METHODS: Forty-six cases of desmoid-type fibromatosis in Taiwanese patients were analysed for an association between tumour recurrence and clinical features, pathology, and the presence of p53 protein and beta-catenin on immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Six (13%) of 46 patients developed recurrence after surgical resection. The only factor significantly associated with tumour recurrence was positive surgical margin (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: A positive surgical margin is a risk factor for recurrence of desmoid-type fibromatosis.