Air Corrosion of Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Cation Mixing and a Practical Suppression Strategy.

Layered oxide cathodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered promising candidates due to their fascinating high capacity, good cyclability, and environmental friendliness. However, the air sensitivity of layered SIB cathodes causes high electrode manufacturing costs and performance deterioration, hampering their practical application. Herein, a commercial O3-type layered Na(Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3)O2 (NNFM) material is adopted to investigate the air corrosive problem and the suppression strategy. We reveal that once the layered material comes in contact with ambient air, cations migrate from transition metal (TM) layers to sodium layers at the near surface, although Na+ and TM ions show quite different ion radii. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that more Ni/Na disorder occurs in the air-exposed O3-NNFM materials, owing to a lower Ni migration energy barrier. The cation mixing results in detrimental structural distortion, along with the formation of residual alkali species on the surface, leading to high impedance for Na+ diffusion during charge/discharge. To tackle this problem, an ultrathin and uniform hydrophobic molecular layer of perfluorodecyl trimethoxysilane is assembled on the O3-NNFM surface, which significantly suppresses unfavorable chemistry and structure degradation during air storage. The in-depth understanding of the structural degradation mechanism and suppression strategy presented in this work can facilitate high-energy cathode manufacturing from the perspective of future practical implementation and commercialization.

RP105 Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Myocardium via Activation of the Lyn/Syk/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Although our previous studies have established the crucial role of RP105 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), its involvement in regulating oxidative stress induced by MI/RI remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted experiments using a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Adenovirus carrying RP105 was injected apically at multiple points, and after 72 h, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. In vitro experiments were performed on H9C2 cells, which were transfected with recombinant adenoviral vectors for 48 h, subjected to 4 h of hypoxia, and then reoxygenated for 2 h. We measured oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, using a microplate reader. The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in myocardial tissue was measured using a DHE probe. We also investigated the upstream and downstream components of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Upregulation of RP105 increased SOD and GSH-Px activities, reduced MDA concentration, and inhibited ROS production in response to I/R injury in vivo and hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) stimulation in vitro. The overexpression of RP105 led to a decrease in the myocardial enzyme LDH in serum and cell culture supernatant, as well as a reduction in infarct size. Additionally, left ventricular fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (LVFS) were improved in the RP105 overexpression group compared to the control. Upregulation of RP105 promoted the expression of Lyn and Syk and further activated STAT phosphorylation, which was blocked by PP2 (a Lyn inhibitor). Our findings suggest that RP105 can inhibit MI/RI-induced oxidative stress by activating STAT3 via the Lyn/Syk signaling pathway.

Amino-Acid-Encoded Bioinspired Supramolecular Self-Assembly of Multimorphological Nanocarriers.

Supramolecular self-assembly has emerged as an efficient tool to construct well-organized nanostructures for biomedical applications by small organic molecules. However, the physicochemical properties of self-assembled nanoarchitectures are greatly influenced by their morphologies, mechanical properties, and working mechanisms, making it challenging to design and screen ideal building blocks. Herein, using a biocompatible firefly-sourced click reaction between the cyano group of 2-cyano-benzothiazole (CBT) and the 1,2-aminothiol group of cysteine (Cys), an amino-acid-encoded supramolecular self-assembly platform Cys(SEt)-X-CBT (X represents any amino acid) is developed to incorporate both covalent and noncovalent interactions for building diverse morphologies of nanostructures with bioinspired response mechanism, providing a convenient and rapid strategy to construct site-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery, cell imaging, and enzyme encapsulation. Additionally, it is worth noting that the biodegradation of Cys(SEt)-X-CBT generated nanocarriers can be easily tracked via bioluminescence imaging. By caging either the thiol or amino groups in Cys with other stimulus-responsive sites and modifying X with probes or drugs, a variety of multi-morphological and multifunctional nanomedicines can be readily prepared for a wide range of biomedical applications.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the significance of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes exhaustion mediated by TIM3/Galectin-9 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM3) is related to the exhaustion of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the mechanism of TIM3-mediated CD8+TILs exhaustion in DLBCL remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential pathway involved in TIM3-mediated CD8+TILs exhaustion and its significance in DLBCL. METHODS: The expression of TIM3 and its correlation with CD8+TILs exhaustion, the key ligand of TIM3, and the potential pathway of TIM3-mediated CD8+TILs exhaustion in DLBCL were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing and validated by RNA sequencing. The biological significance of TIM3-related pathway in DLBCL was investigated based on RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction data. Finally, the possible regulatory mechanism of TIM3-related pathway in DLBCL was explored using single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA sequencing. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that CD8+TILs, especially the terminally exhausted state, were the major clusters that expressed TIM3 in DLBCL. Galectin-9, mainly expressed in M2 macrophages, is the key ligand of TIM3 and can induce the exhaustion of CD8+TILs through TIM3/Galectin-9 pathway. Meanwhile, high TIM3/Galectin-9 enrichment is related to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, severe clinical manifestations, inferior prognosis, and poor response to CHOP-based chemotherapy, and can predict the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in DLBCL. Furthermore, the TIM3/Galectin-9 enrichment in DLBCL may be regulated by the IFN-γ signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights that TIM3/Galectin-9 pathway plays a crucial role in CD8+TILs exhaustion and the immune escape of DLBCL, which facilitates further functional studies and could provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel immunotherapy in DLBCL.

Regioselective Alkynylation and Alkenylation at the More Hindered C-B Bond of 1,2-Bis(Boronic) Esters.

Selective transformations at the more sterically hindered sites of organic molecules represent a frontier in the ability to precisely modify molecules. The lack of effective synthetic methods stands in stark contrast to the large number of encumbered sites encountered in molecules of interest. Here, we demonstrate that 1,2-bis(boronates) undergo selective alkynylation and alkenylation at the more sterically hindered C-B bond. Our preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed that this reaction can proceed through two convergent pathways involving direct coupling of sterically encumbered site versus 1,2-boron migratory coupling. Notably, this method facilitated convenient access to alkenyl and alkynyl boron products, which can be diversified by an array of transformations.

Entry of cannabidiol into the fetal, postnatal and adult rat brain.

Cannabidiol is a major component of cannabis but without known psychoactive properties. A wide range of properties have been attributed to it, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-seizure and anxiolytic. However, being a fairly new compound in its purified form, little is known about cannabidiol brain entry, especially during development. Sprague Dawley rats at four developmental ages: embryonic day E19, postnatal day P4 and P12 and non-pregnant adult females were administered intraperitoneal cannabidiol at 10 mg/kg with [3H] labelled cannabidiol. To investigate the extent of placental transfer, the drug was injected intravenously into E19 pregnant dams. Levels of [3H]-cannabidiol in blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain were estimated by liquid scintillation counting. Plasma protein binding of cannabidiol was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its bound and unbound fractions measured by ultrafiltration. Using available RNA-sequencing datasets of E19 rat brain, choroid plexus and placenta, as well as P5 and adult brain and choroid plexus, expression of 13 main cannabidiol receptors was analysed. Results showed that cannabidiol rapidly entered both the developing and adult brains. Entry into CSF was more limited. Its transfer across the placenta was substantially restricted as only about 50% of maternal blood plasma cannabidiol concentration was detected in fetal plasma. Albumin was the main, but not exclusive, cannabidiol binding protein at all ages. Several transcripts for cannabidiol receptors were expressed in age- and tissue-specific manner indicating that cannabidiol may have different functional effects in the fetal compared to adult brain.

Bioinspired structural hydrogels with highly ordered hierarchical orientations by flow-induced alignment of nanofibrils.

Natural structural materials often possess unique combinations of strength and toughness resulting from their complex hierarchical assembly across multiple length scales. However, engineering such well-ordered structures in synthetic materials via a universal and scalable manner still poses a grand challenge. Herein, a simple yet versatile approach is proposed to design hierarchically structured hydrogels by flow-induced alignment of nanofibrils, without high time/energy consumption or cumbersome postprocessing. Highly aligned fibrous configuration and structural densification are successfully achieved in anisotropic hydrogels under ambient conditions, resulting in desired mechanical properties and damage-tolerant architectures, for example, strength of 14 ± 1 MPa, toughness of 154 ± 13 MJ m-3, and fracture energy of 153 ± 8 kJ m-2. Moreover, a hydrogel mesoporous framework can deliver ultra-fast and unidirectional water transport (maximum speed at 65.75 mm s-1), highlighting its potential for water purification. This scalable fabrication explores a promising strategy for developing bioinspired structural hydrogels, facilitating their practical applications in biomedical and engineering fields.

In Situ Spectroscopic Elucidation of the Electrochemical Potential Drop at Polyelectrolytes/Au Interfaces.

Polyelectrolytes have been widely applied in electrochemical devices. Understanding the polyelectrolyte/electrode interfaces is pivotal for polyelectrolyte-based applications. Here, we measured the electrochemical potential drop and the local activity of the mobile ion of H+ or OH- at the polyelectrolytes/Au interfaces by in situ electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and voltammetry in three-electrode cells. We found that the potential dependences of the electrochemical potential drop in polyelectrolytes were smaller than that in conventional electrolyte solutions. The interfacial activity of H+ or OH- was much lower than that of bulk polyelectrolytes. The potential-dependent molecular dynamics simulations showed that the mobility of ionomers of polyelectrolytes in an electrostatic field was limited by a polymer matrix. These results suggested a characteristically thicker compact layer in the electrical double layer of a polyelectrolyte/electrode interface due to the accumulation of mobile H+ or OH- with a thicker hydration layer and immobile ionomers.

Mordo2: A Personalization Framework for Silent Command Recognition.

Wearable human-computer interactions in daily life are increasingly encouraged by the prevalence of intelligent wearables. It poses a demanding requirement of micro-interaction and minimizing social awkwardness. Our previous work demonstrated the feasibility of recognizing silent commands through around-ear biosensors with the limitation of user adaptation. In this work, we ease the limitation by a personalization framework that integrates spectral factorization of signals, temporal confidence rejection and commonly used transfer learning algorithms. Specifically, we first empirically formulate the user adaptation issue by presenting the accuracies of applying transfer learning algorithms to our previous method. Second, we improve the signal-to-noise ratio by proposing the supervised spectral factorization method that learns the amplitude and phase mappings between around-ear signals and the signals of articulated facial muscles. Third, we leverage the time continuity of commands and introduce the time decay into confidence rejection. Finally, extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the feasibility and improvements. The results indicate an average accuracy of 92.38% which is significantly larger than solely using transfer learning algorithms. And a comparable accuracy can be achieved with significantly reduced data of new users. The overall performance shows the framework can significantly improve the accuracy of user adaptations. The work would aid a further step toward commercial products for silent command recognition and inspire the solution to the user adaptation challenge of wearable human-computer interactions.

Effects of paracetamol/acetaminophen on the expression of solute carriers (SLCs) in late-gestation fetal rat brain, choroid plexus and the placenta.

Solute carriers (SLCs) regulate transfer of a wide range of molecules across cell membranes using facilitative or secondary active transport. In pregnancy, these transporters, expressed at the placental barrier, are important for delivery of nutrients to the fetus, whilst also limiting entry of potentially harmful substances, such as drugs. In the present study, RNA-sequencing analysis was used to investigate expression of SLCs in the fetal (embryonic day 19) rat brain, choroid plexus and placenta in untreated control animals and following maternal paracetamol treatment. In the treated group, paracetamol (15 mg/kg) was administered to dams twice daily for 5 days (from embryonic day 15 to 19). In untreated animals, overall expression of SLCs was highest in the placenta. In the paracetamol treatment group, expression of several SLCs was significantly different compared with control animals, with ion, amino acid, neurotransmitter and sugar transporters most affected. The number of SLC transcripts that changed significantly following treatment was the highest in the choroid plexus and lowest in the brain. All SLC transcripts that changed in the placenta following paracetamol treatment were downregulated. These results suggest that administration of paracetamol during pregnancy could potentially disrupt fetal nutrient homeostasis and affect brain development, resulting in major consequences for the neonate and extending into childhood.

The emerging role of DOT1L in cell proliferation and differentiation: Friend or foe.

Cell proliferation and differentiation are the basic physiological activities of cells. Mistakes in these processes may affect cell survival, or cause cell cycle dysregulation, such as tumorigenesis, birth defects and degenerative diseases. In recent years, it has been found that histone methyltransferase DOT1L is the only H3 lysine 79 methyltransferase, which plays an important role in the process of cell fate determination through monomethylation, dimethylation and trimethylation of H3K79. DOT1L has a pro-proliferative effect in leukemia cells; however, loss of heart-specific DOT1L leads to increased proliferation of cardiac tissue. Additionally, DOT1L has carcinogenic or tumor suppressive effects in different neoplasms. At present, some DOT1L inhibitors for the treatment of MLL-driven leukemia have achieved promising results in clinical trials, but completely blocking DOT1L will also bring some side effects. Thus, this uncertainty suggests that DOT1L has a unique function in cell physiology. In this review, we summarize the primary findings of DOT1L in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Correlations between DOT1L and cell fate specification might suggest DOT1L as a therapeutic target for diseases.

Rice tetraspanins express in specific domains of diverse tissues and regulate plant architecture and root growth.

Tetraspanins (TETs) are small transmembrane scaffold proteins that distribute proteins into highly organized microdomains, consisting of adaptors and signaling proteins, which play important roles in various biological events. In plants, understanding of tetraspanin is limited to the Arabidopsis TET genes' expression pattern and their function in leaf and root growth. Here, we comprehensively analyzed all rice tetraspanin (OsTET) family members, including their gene expression pattern, protein topology, and subcellular localization. We found that the core domain of OsTETs is conserved and shares a similar topology of four membrane-spanning domains with animal and plant TETs. OsTET genes are partially overlapping expressed in diverse tissue domains in vegetative and reproductive organs. OsTET proteins preferentially targeted the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutation analysis showed that OsTET5, OsTET6, OsTET9, and OsTET10 regulated plant height and tillering, and that OsTET13 controlled root growth in association with the jasmonic acid pathway. In summary, our work provides systematic new insights into the function of OsTETs in rice growth and development, and the data provides valuable resources for future research.

Online Estimating Pairwise Neuronal Functional Connectivity in Brain-Machine Interface.

Neurons respond to external stimuli and form functional networks through pairwise interactions. A neural encoding model can describe a single neuron's behavior, and brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) provide a platform to investigate how neurons adapt, functionally connect, and encode movement. Movement modulation and pairwise functional connectivity are modeled as high-dimensional tuning states, estimated from neural spike train observations. However, accurate estimation of this neural state vector can be challenging as pairwise neural interactions are highly dimensional, change in different temporal scales from movement, and could be non-stationary. We propose an Adam-based gradient descent method to online estimate high-dimensional pairwise neuronal functional connectivity and single neuronal tuning adaptation simultaneously. By minimizing negative log-likelihood based on point process observation, the proposed method adaptively adjusts the learning rate for each dimension of the neural state vectors by employing momentum and regularizer. We test the method on real recordings of two rats performing the brain control mode of a two-lever discrimination task. Our results show that our method outperforms existing methods, especially when the state is sparse. Our method is more stable and faster for an online scenario regardless of the parameter initializations. Our method provides a promising tool to track and build the time-variant functional neural connectivity, which dynamically forms the functional network and results in better brain control.

Isomeric Separation of α2,3/α2,6-Linked 2-Aminobenzamide (2AB)-Labeled Sialoglycopeptides by C18-LC-MS/MS.

Determination of the relative expression levels of the α2,3/α2,6-sialic acid linkage isomers on glycoproteins is critical to the analysis of various human diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. However, it remains a challenge to separate and differentiate site-specific linkage isomers at the glycopeptide level. Some derivatization methods on the carboxyl group of sialic acid have been developed to generate mass differences between linkage isomers. In this study, we utilized chemical derivatization that occurred on the vicinal diol of sialic acid to separate linkage isomers on a reverse-phase column using a relatively short time. 2-Aminobenzamide (2AB) labeling derivatization, including periodate oxidation and reductive amination, took only ∼3 h and achieved high labeling efficiency (>90%). Within a 66 min gradient, the sialic acid linkage isomers of 2AB-labeled glycopeptides from model glycoproteins can be efficiently resolved compared to native glycopeptides. Two different methods, neuraminidase digestion and higher-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (HCD-MS2) fragmentation, were utilized to differentiate those isomeric peaks. By calculating the diagnostic oxonium ion ratio of Gal2ABNeuAc and 2ABNeuAc fragments, significant differences in chromatographic retention times and in mass spectral peak abundances were observed between linkage isomers. Their corresponding MS2 PCA plots also helped to elucidate the linkage information. This method was successfully applied to human blood serum. A total of 514 2AB-labeled glycopeptide structures, including 152 sets of isomers, were identified, proving the applicability of this method in linkage-specific structural characterization and relative quantification of sialic acid isomers.

Decoding Ensemble Spike States from Extracellular Field Potentials.

Behaviors are encoded by multi-scale brain signals, from microscopic spike signals to macroscopic extracellular Field Potentials (FPs). Extracting neuronal spike information from FPs is an important, yet challenging problem. Because FPs stem from summed contributions of a large population of neurons. Previous work inferred single-neuron spiking activity from the FPs using a generalized linear model (GLM). However, FPs reflect the states of neural ensembles more than single-neuron spike trains. In this paper, we propose a computational model to decode ensemble spike states from FPs. This framework first extracts transient features in FPs, and then detects typical ensemble spike patterns and assigns state labels accordingly. Finally, we use a neural network to decode the ensemble spike states from the FP neuromodulations. This FP-Spike decoder is tested on the FP and spike data from the M1 area of an SD rat. We show that our model can effectively decode multi-neuron spike states. Compared with the GLM method for single-neuron spike prediction, our model exhibits 37% less ensemble spike pattern decoding error. These preliminary results show that we can decode informative spike states from FPs, indicating that the decode results can further benefit long-term stable brain-machine interfaces.

Pericyte-derived exosomal miR-210 improves mitochondrial function and inhibits lipid peroxidation in vascular endothelial cells after traumatic spinal cord injury by activating JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a significant health concern, with limited available treatment options. This condition poses significant medical, economic, and social challenges. SCI is typically categorized into primary and secondary injuries. Inflammation, oxidative stress, scar formation, and the immune microenvironment impede axon regeneration and subsequent functional restoration. Numerous studies have shown that the destruction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microvessels is a crucial factor in severe secondary injury. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lipid peroxidation significantly contributes to endothelial cell death. Pericytes are essential constituents of the BBB that share the basement membrane with endothelial cells and astrocytes. They play a significant role in the establishment and maintenance of BBB. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence staining at different time points revealed a consistent correlation between pericyte coverage and angiogenesis, suggesting that pericytes promote vascular repair via paracrine signaling. Pericytes undergo alterations in cellular morphology and the transcriptome when exposed to hypoxic conditions, potentially promoting angiogenesis. We simulated an early ischemia-hypoxic environment following SCI using glucose and oxygen deprivation and BBB models. Co-culturing pericytes with endothelial cells improved barrier function compared to the control group. However, this enhancement was reduced by the exosome inhibitor, GW4869. In vivo injection of exosomes improved BBB integrity and promoted motor function recovery in mice following SCI. Subsequently, we found that pericyte-derived exosomes exhibited significant miR-210-5p expression based on sequencing analysis. Therefore, we performed a series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that miR-210-5p regulates endothelial barrier function by inhibiting JAK1/STAT3 signaling. This process is achieved by regulating lipid peroxidation levels and improving mitochondrial function, suggesting a potential mechanism for restoration of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) after SCI.

Constructing FeS and ZnS Heterojunction on N,S-Codoped Carbon as Robust Electrocatalyst toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Highly active and cost-efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are significant for developing renewable energy conversion devices. Herein, a nanocomposite Fe/ZnS-SNC electrocatalyst with an FeS and ZnS heterojunction on N,S-codoped carbon has been fabricated via a facile one-step sulfonating of the pre-designed Zn- and Fe-organic frameworks. Benefitting from the electron transfer from FeS to adjacent ZnS at the heterointerfaces, the optimized Fe/ZnS-SNC900 catalyst exhibits excellent ORR performances, featuring the half-wave potentials of 0.94 V and 0.81 V in alkaline and acidic media, respectively, which is competitive with the commercial 20 wt.% Pt/C (0.87 and 0.76 V). The flexible Zn-air battery equipping Fe/ZnS-SNC900 affords a higher open-circuit voltage (1.45 V) and power density of 30.2 mW cm-2. Fuel cells assembled with Fe/ZnS-SNC900 as cathodic catalysts deliver a higher power output of 388.3 and 242.8 mW cm-2 in H2-O2 and -air conditions. This work proposes advanced heterostructured ORR electrocatalysts that effectively promote renewable energy conversions.

Glycan/Protein-Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture for Enabling Concurrent Quantitative Glycomics/Proteomics/Glycoproteomics.

The complexity and heterogeneity of protein glycosylation present an analytical challenge to the studies of characterization and quantitation. Various LC-MS-based quantitation strategies have emerged in recent decades. Metabolic stable isotope labeling has been developed to enhance the accurate LC/MS-based quantitation between different cell lines. Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in a cell culture (SILAC) is the most widely used metabolic labeling method in proteomic analysis. However, it can only label the peptide backbone and is thus limited in glycomic studies. Here, we present a metabolic isotope labeling strategy, named GlyProSILC (Glycan Protein Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture), that can label both the glycan motif and peptide backbone from the same batch of cells. It was performed by feeding cells with a heavy medium containing amide-15N-glutamine, 13C6-arginine (Arg6), and 13C6-15N2-lysine (Lys8). No significant change of cell line metabolism after GlyProSILC labeling was observed based on transcriptomic, glycomic, and proteomic data. The labeling conditions, labeling efficiency, and quantitation accuracy were investigated. After quantitation correction, we simultaneously quantified 62 N-glycans, 574 proteins, and 344 glycopeptides using the same batch of mixed 231BR/231 cell lines. So far, GlyProSILC provides an accurate and effective quantitation approach for glycomics, proteomics, and glycoproteomics in a cell culture system.

Audio-induced medial prefrontal cortical dynamics enhances coadaptive learning in brain-machine interfaces.

Objectives. Coadaptive brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) allow subjects and external devices to adapt to each other during the closed-loop control, which provides a promising solution for paralyzed individuals. Previous studies have focused on either improving sensory feedback to facilitate subject learning or developing adaptive algorithms to maintain stable decoder performance. In this work, we aim to design an efficient coadaptive BMI framework which not only facilitates the learning of subjects on new tasks with designed sensory feedback, but also improves decoders' learning ability by extracting sensory feedback-induced evaluation information.Approach. We designed dynamic audio feedback during the trial according to the subjects' performance when they were trained to learn a new behavioral task. We compared the learning performance of two groups of Sprague Dawley rats, one with and the other without the designed audio feedback to show whether this audio feedback could facilitate the subjects' learning. Compared with the traditional closed-loop in BMI systems, an additional closed-loop involving medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity was introduced into the coadaptive framework. The neural dynamics of audio-induced mPFC activity was analyzed to investigate whether a significant neural response could be triggered. This audio-induced response was then translated into reward expectation information to guide the learning of decoders on a new task. The multiday decoding performance of the decoders with and without audio-induced reward expectation was compared to investigate whether the extracted information could accelerate decoders to learn a new task.Main results. The behavior performance comparison showed that the average days for rats to achieve 80% well-trained behavioral performance was improved by 26.4% after introducing the designed audio feedback sequence. The analysis of neural dynamics showed that a significant neural response of mPFC activity could be elicited by the audio feedback and the visualization of audio-induced neural patterns was emerged and accompanied by the behavioral improvement of subjects. The multiday decoding performance comparison showed that the decoder taking the reward expectation information could achieve faster task learning by 33.8% on average across subjects.Significance. This study demonstrates that the designed audio feedback could improve the learning of subjects and the mPFC activity induced by audio feedback can be utilized to improve the decoder's learning efficiency on new tasks. The coadaptive framework involving mPFC dynamics in the closed-loop interaction can advance the BMIs into a more adaptive and efficient system with learning ability on new tasks.