[The prevalence of allergic diseases in children with short bowel syndrome]. / Prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con síndrome de intestino corto.

BACKGROUND: Short bowel syndrome is the result of an extensive surgical resection that leaves the length of the small intestine at a critical value for the proper nutritional absorption. An increased risk of food allergy has been described in patients who suffer from this condition. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of allergic diseases in a group of patients with short bowel syndrome. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and ambispective study was carried out; it included patients with short bowel syndrome who had attended the nephrology service of the National Institute of Pediatrics in a period of 18 months. Information about medical records, surgery history, diet history, and food tolerance was collected with prior authorization of parents or legal guardians. Likewise, there was questioning about history of atopy, and validated questionnaires for allergic diseases were applied in Spanish. The following tests were carried out: skin tests with allergen extracts, determination of four foods specific immunoglobulin E, patch test, and open oral food challenge. The protocol was authorized by the research ethics committee. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with a median age of 44 months (range of 8-128 months) and with a male/female ratio of 2:1 were included. The most common causes of SBS were necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal atresia. 27% of the patients had a family history of atopy and 40 % of the patients had a personal history that suggested an allergy to cow's milk in infancy. Allergic diseases were found in 40 %. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic diseases seem to have high prevalence in patients with SBS. More studies in large populations are required in order to confirm this discovery.

Antecedentes: El síndrome de intestino corto es el resultado de una resección quirúrgica extensa que deja la longitud del intestino delgado en un valor crítico para una adecuada absorción nutricional. Se han descrito un incremento en el riesgo de alergia alimentaria en pacientes que sufren esta condición. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en un grupo de pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal y ambispectivo, en el cual se incluyeron pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto que acudieron al servicio de nefrología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en un período de 18 meses. Con previa autorización del padre o tutor se recabaron los expedientes médicos, los antecedentes de la cirugía, historial de alimentación y tolerancia a alimentos. De igual manera, se interrogaron antecedentes de atopia y se aplicaron cuestionarios validados en español para enfermedades alérgicas. Se realizaron pruebas cutáneas con extractos alergénicos, determinación de inmunoglobulina E específica para cuatro alimentos, prueba del parche y reto oral abierto con alimentos. El protocolo fue autorizado por el comité de ética e investigación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 15 pacientes con una mediana de 44 meses (rango 8-128 meses) y la relación hombre/mujer fue de 2:1. Las causas más frecuentes de síndrome de intestino corto fueron enterocolitis necrozante y atresia intestinal. El 27 % tenía historia familiar de atopia y 40 % antecedentes personales sugestivos de alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca en la infancia. Se encontraron enfermedades alérgicas en 40 %. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades alérgicas parecen tener una alta prevalencia en pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto. Se requieren más estudios en poblaciones extensas para confirmar este hallazgo.

Blastocystis Hominis and Chronic Abdominal Pain in Children: Is there an Association between Them?

Chronic abdominal pain has many etiologies, one of them being parasites. The aim of this study was to find an association between chronic abdominal pain in children and Blastocystis hominis (Bh). Clinical files of patients with Bh and functional abdominal pain were reviewed. A comparison was made between patients who showed an improvement of their symptoms and those who did not. Out of the 138 patients who had functional abdominal pain and Bh, 37 patients did not receive any treatment (26.8%), while 101 received it and were treated with different antimicrobial agents (73.2%); regarding the improvement of symptoms, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed. Chronic abdominal pain in children has different etiologies; however, we have documented through this work that it is appropriate to provide antimicrobial treatment for patients with Bh and chronic abdominal pain.

[Prevalence of allergic diseases in children with secondary renal tubular acidosis attending a tertiary care pediatric center]. / Prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria que acudieron a un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested a high prevalence of allergic disease in children with RTA. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of allergic diseases in children with secondary RTA (renal tubular acidosis) in the nephrology department of the National Institute of Pediatrics (NIP), México. METHODS: An observational, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Children with secondary RTA < 18 years who attended the outpatient nephrology service in the NIP for 24 months, were included. ISAAC questionnaire and the EAACI guidelines were applied. To prove a suspected allergy, skin tests, total and specific IgE, patch testing and food challenge were performed. Using SPSS 19, frequency of allergic diseases was described. RESULTS: 113 patients were included. Age 8 to 168 months. Male: 53.9 %. RTA types: Distal (64.6 %), proximal (26.5 %), mixed (1.8 %) and undetermined (7 %). Age of onset between 1 and 96 months. Serum bicarbonate 10.1 to 20 mEq/L. Allergic diseases were found in 24.8 %: allergic rhinitis (18.4 %), food allergy (9.7 %), atopic dermatitis (8 %), asthma (8 %) and allergic conjunctivitis (6.1 %). Total IgE was increased in 9 patients. Positive skin tests in 14.2 %. Positive chemiluminescence in 18 children; positive open food challenge in 11 children and patch tests in 4. CONCLUSION: Secondary RTA is common in children attending tertiary care hospitals. The prevalence of allergic disease in children with secondary ATR, is similar to that described in the general population.

Antecedentes: Se ha sugerido elevada prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria atendidos en el Servicio de Nefrología del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo. Se incluyeron niños atendidos durante 24 meses. Se aplicó el cuestionario ISAAC y los criterios de la guía EAACI. Ante sospecha de alergia se realizaron pruebas cutáneas, IgE total y específica, pruebas del parche y reto alimentario. Resultados: Se incluyeron 113 pacientes con edades entre 8 y 168 meses; 53.9 % del sexo masculino. Tipos de acidosis tubular renal: distal (64.6 %), proximal (26.5 %), mixta (1.8 %) y no determinada (7 %). La edad de inicio osciló entre 1 y 96 meses. Se registró 10.1 a 20 mEq/L de bicarbonato sérico; 24.8 % mostró enfermedades alérgicas: 18.4 % rinitis alérgica, 9.7 % alergia alimentaria, 8 % dermatitis atópica, 8 % asma y 6.1 % conjuntivitis alérgica. Se observó IgE total elevada en 9 pacientes. En 14.2 % las pruebas cutáneas fueron positivas y la quimioluminiscencia en 18 niños; el reto abierto con alimentos fue positivo en 11 y las pruebas del parche en 4. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de enfermedades alérgicas en niños con acidosis tubular renal secundaria fue similar a la de la población general.