[Effects of Different Planting Years of Dendrocalamus brandisii on Soil Fungal Community].

To explore the effect of soil fungal community under different planting years in Dendrocalamus brandisii, the soil samples from D. brandisii with different planting years (5, 10, 20, and 40 a) were taken as the research object. The soil fungal community structure, diversity, and its functional groups of different planting years were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology and the FUNGuild fungal function prediction tool, and the main soil environmental factors influencing the variations in soil fungal community were examined. The results showed that the dominant fungal communities at the phylum level were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Mucoromycota. The relative abundance of Mortierellomycota decreased and then increased with the increase in planting years, and there was a significant difference among different planting years (P<0.05). The dominant fungal communities at the class level were Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Mortierellomycetes. The relative abundance of Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes decreased and then increased with the increase in planting years, and there were significant differences among different planting years (P<0.01). The Richness index and Shannon index of soil fungi increased and then decreased with the increase in planting years, and the Richness index and Shannon index in 10 a were significantly higher than those of other planting years. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that there were significant differences in soil fungal community structure with different planting years. The functional prediction with FUNGuild showed that the main functional trophic types of soil fungi in D. brandisii were pathotroph, symbiotroph, and saprotroph, and the most dominant functional group was endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph-undefined saprotroph. The relative abundance of endophytes gradually increased with the increase in planting years. Correlation analysis showed that pH, total potassium (TK), and nitrate nitrogen (NO-3-N) were the main soil environmental factors affecting the change in fungal community. In summary, the planting year of D. brandisii has changed soil environmental factors and has thus changed the structure, diversity, and functional groups of soil fungal communities.

The complete chloroplast genome of Indosasa hispida 'Rainbow' (Poaceae, Bambuseae): an ornamental bamboo species in horticulture.

Indosasa hispida 'Rainbow' is a new horticultural plant variety for anthocyanin production, which has great ornamental value and huge market potential. The chloroplast genome is 139,690 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region (LSC) of 83,268 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 12,830 bp, and a pair of 21,796 bp inverted repeats region (IR). The GC content of chloroplast genome is 38.9%. There are 130 genes in the cp genome, including 83 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 39 transfer RNA genes. In addition, phylogenetic analysis firmly supported that I. hispida 'Rainbow' constituted that a sister species with Pleioblastus maculatus.

Influence of dragon bamboo with different planting patterns on microbial community and physicochemical property of soil on sunny and shady slopes.

Dragon bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus) is a giant sympodial bamboo species widely distributed in Asia. However, it remains unclear how dragon bamboo and soil microbes interact to affect soil properties. In this study, we investigated the planting patterns (semi-natural and artificial) on different slopes (sunny and shady) to determine the effects on soil properties and microbial community. The results showed that the soil in which dragon bamboo was grown was acidic, with a pH value of ∼5. Also, the soil organic matter content, nitrogen hydrolysate concentration, total nitrogen, available potassium, and total potassium of the dragon bamboo semi-natural forest significantly improved, especially on the sunny slope. In contrast, the available phosphorus level was higher in the artificial bamboo forest, probably owing to the phosphate fertilizer application. The bacterial and fungal diversity and the bacterial abundance were all higher on the sunny slope of the semi-natural forest than those in the other samples. The microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared between the shady and sunny slopes accounted for 47.8-62.2%, but the core OTUs of all samples were only 24.4-30.4% of each sample, suggesting that the slope type had a significant effect on the microbial community. Some acidophilic microbes, such as Acidobacteria groups, Streptomyces and Mortierella, became dominant in dragon bamboo forest soil. A PICRUSt analysis of the bacterial functional groups revealed that post-translational modification, cell division, and coenzyme transport and metabolism were abundant in the semi-natural forest. However, some microorganisms with strong stress resistance might be activated in the artificial forest. Taken together, these results illustrated the influence of dragon bamboo growth on soil physicochemical property and microbial community, which might help understand the growth status of dragon bamboo under different planting patterns.

The complete chloroplast genome of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Poaceae, Bambuseae).

Dendrocalamus hamiltonii is one of the best bamboo species with bamboo shoots, and has higher economic value. The chloroplast genome is a circular molecule of 139404 bp in length, consisting of a 82938 bp large single copy region (LSC), a 12876 bp small single copy region (SSC), and a pair of inverted repeats region (IRa and IRb: 21795 bp each). The GC content of chloroplast genome is 38.9%. The cp genome contains a total of 133 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 39 tRNA genes. Moreover, phylogenomic analysis showed that D. hamiltonii and D. brandisii clustered together in one branch.