[Phospholipids and structural modification of tissues and cell membranes for adaptation in high altitude mountains].

The nature of the impact of physical factors of high altitudes (3200 m) on the lipids of tissues and membranes of animals was researched. It was established that the adaptation process in Wistar rats was followed by peroxide degradation and subsequent modification of the phospholipids' structure of tissues and microsomal membranes. Adaptive phospholipids reconstruction takes place in microsomal membranes in the tissues of the lungs, brain, liver and skeletal muscles. Together with this, the amount of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid accumulates, indicating that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5 biphosphate to diacylglycerol and secondary messenger--inositol triphosphate, occurs. A decrease in temperature adaptation (+10 degrees C) leads to a more noticeable shift in peroxide oxidation of lipids, phospholipid structure in the tissues and membranes rather than adaptation in thermoneutral conditions (+30 degrees C). Modification of lipid composition of tissues and cell membranes in the highlands obviously increases the adaptive capabilities of cells of the whole body: physical performance and resistance to hypoxia increases in animals.

[Activity of the messenger systems in the altitude chamber hypoxia]. / Aktivnost' messendzhernykh sistem pri barokamernoi gipoksii.

The activity of phosphoinositide and adenylate cyclase systems of second messengers in rat brain were investigated under altitude chamber treatment (6000 m x 24 hours). Selective suppression of each messenger system was achieved by pretreatment of rats with either lithium chloride or propranolol for 8 days. Consequences of this treatment and/or hypoxia were evaluated by orientation behavior and physical exercise test. Administration of LiCl caused reduction of phosphoinositide level; hypoxia (6000 m) caused further impairments in the second messenger content. The synergism between phosphoinositide and adenylatcyclase systems was demonstrated.

[Dysplasia-dependent abnormalities of the temporomandibular joint]. / Displastikozavisimaia patologiia visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction and dysplasia of connective tissue (DCT). This investigation included 53 (34 female and 19 male) patients with TMJ internal derangement (ID) and 53 controls; 24 patients with marked and 53 patients with mild dysfunction of this joint. The symptoms of DCT (such as scoliosis, general joint hypermorbility) and TMJ ID were revealed. Results of this study prove that DCT is one of etiological factors of TMJ ID. The relationship between type of ID and severity of DCT was revealed.

[Surgical treatment of children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie detei s polikistozom pochek autosomno-dominantnogo tipa.

The authors dealt with 59 children with different variants of polycystic kidney disease. The age of the patients was from 1 month to 19 years. The autosomal dominant type of inheritance was noted in 52 patients, in 24 of them percutaneous ignipuncture, lumbotomy with ignipuncture and dissection of the cysts, endovideosurgical opening and dissection of the cysts transperitoneally and retroperitoneally were performed. Long-term results were followed during the periods from 6 months till 17 years. Good results were obtained in 12 patients, satisfactory--in 2 patients, unsatisfactory--in 7. The most effective methods are traditional lumbotomy and endovideosurgical correction which are not followed by growth of cysts in the operated kidneys at the postoperative period.

[Effect of enalapril maleate on vascular endothelial function and platelet-endothelial interactions in patients with essential hypertension]. / Vliianie terapii énalaprila maleatom na funktsiiu sosudistogo éndoteliia i trombotsitarno-éndotelial'nye vzaimosviazi u bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu.

AIM: Evaluation of endothelial function and platelet-endothelial interactions in patients with essential hypertension and dynamics of these changes in the course of treatment with enalapril maleate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 37 patients with essential hypertension and 22 normotensive volunteers. 17 of hypertensive patients received enalapril maleate (enap, KRKA) 5-20 mg/day during the period of 1.5 months. The complex of investigations included: measurement of total plasma cholesteroi, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, high-resolution ultrasound investigation of brachio-cephalic arteries, evaluation of flow-mediated dilation, measurement of von Willebrand's factor, spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation. RESULTS: Patients with essential hypertension exhibited higher levels of von Willebrand's factor in plasma and degree of spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation as well as lower responses of vessel wall to hemodynamic stimuli compared to normotensive healthy individuals. There was a strong correlation between endothelial function markers and CAD risk factors, elevation of platelet activity. Treatment with enalapril maleate led to a statistically significant decrease of von Willebrand's factor in plasma and ex vivo platelet aggregation whereas flow-mediated dilatation increased. Values of endothelial function markers and platelet activity approached to those of normotensive subjects and these changes were accompanied by a decrease of ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: Patients with essential hypertension were found to have compromised endothelial function. However, the degree of endothelial dysfunction depends not on hemodynamic parameters, but on the cumulative effect of CAD risk factors. Treatment with enalapril maleate may lead to normalisation of endothelial function and decrease of platelet activity.

[The possibilities of arifon in the combined therapy of unstable stenocardia in persons with arterial hypertension]. / Izuchenie vozmozhnostei arifona v kompleksnoi terapii nestabil'noi stenokardii u lits s arterial'noi gipertoniei.

The authors studied the effect of arifon on vascular-platelet hemostasis in patients with unstable angina pectoris and hypertension. It was established that arifon addition to standard treatment leads to a decrease of platelet aggregation. A degree of spontaneous aggregation under arifon administration reduced to 30.9%, the rate of spontaneous aggregation decreased to 47.6% versus 13.3 and 24.6%, respectively, in arifon-untreated patients. Arifon promoted reduction of ADP-induced platelet aggregation to 26.9% (without arifon 6.5%); p < 0.01.

[Changes in glycolipid level in the brain of rats with different resistance to hypoxia during acclimation to cold]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia glikolipidov v mozge krys s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k gipoksii pri akklimatsii k ponizhennym temperaturam.

Acclimation of rats to cooling (+3 C for 30 days) is accompanied by changes in the content of gangliozides, cerebrozides and sulfatides of brain during 6 hours, returned to the control level in next periods of acclimation. Changes in the content of sulfatides, and in smaller degree of cerebrozides and gangliozides depend from hypoxic stability of rats.

[Phosphoinositide response and changes in the supraoptic-neurohypophyseal system in individual resistance of rats to hypoxia]. / Fosfoinozitidnyi otvet i izmeneniia v supraoptiko-neirogipofizarnoi sisteme pri individual'noi rezistentnosti krys k gipoksii.

The dynamics of phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl inositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidyl inositol-4.5-diphosphate was studied in brain and liver tissues of rats with hypoxia developed as a result of treatment in the altitude chamber at 6,000 m, daily 6 hrs, on day 30. The content of phosphatidyl inositol-4-phosphate and--4.5-diphosphate was increased on days 3 and 30 altitude post-training. This hypoxia caused impairments in brain circulation as well as led to increase in the hypophysis mass in lowly resistant rats within early periods of treatment and in highly resistant animals on day 30.

[A clinico-immunological analysis of clinical variants of connective tissue dysplasia]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskii analiz klinicheskikh variantov displazii soedinitel'noi tkani.

The clinico-immunogenetic analysis of 47 patients with Marfan's syndrome and 83 patients with chest deformities combined with valvular prolapses and other connective tissues dysplasias elucidated a close relation of HLA-antigens allele variants with clinical dysplasia variants and specific immune alterations. The findings support the suggestion that clinical heterogeneity of connective tissue dysplasia forms results from their pathogenetic heterogeneity.

[Effect of acute hypoxia on the phospholipid composition of the cell, microsomal and mitochondrial membranes of rat brain and liver]. / Vliianie ostroi gipoksii na fosfolipidnyi sostav plazmaticheskikh, mikrosomal'nykh i mitokhondrial'nykh membran mozga i pecheni krys.

Tissue-dependent alterations in composition of phospholipids, studied by means of thin-layer chromatography, were detected in plasma, microsomal and mitochondrial membranes of rat brain and liver tissues after influence of acute hypoxia in the altitude chamber at a "height" of 12,000 m 3-9 min. These alterations were maintained within 2 weeks after the acute hypoxia effect in all the membranes studied, while they were most distinct in plasma and mitochondrial membranes. In the group of hypoxia-stable rats the alterations in phospholipids were more pronounced as compared with the group of less stable animals.

[Changes in the phospholipid and cholesterol content of rat tissues during adaptation to high altitude at different environmental temperatures]. / Izmenenie soderzhaniia fosfolipidov i kholesterina v tkaniakh krys v usloviiakh adaptatsii k vysokogor'iu pri razlichnykh temperaturakh vneshnei sredy.

Studies have been made on the contents of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids and the level of lipid peroxidation in rats adapted to a high altitude (3.200 m for 30 days) at temperatures 10 and 30 degrees C. It was shown that at lower temperature, high altitude adaptation is paralleled by more significant activation of lipid peroxidation, the decrease of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the brain, lungs and liver, as well as by the increase of the content of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol in tissues. No negative cross-adaptation was found to hypoxic hypoxia and low temperatures.

[Status of the myocardium and heart valves in funnel chest]. / Sostoianie miokarda i klapannogo apparata serdtsa pri kilevodnoi deformatsii grudnoi kletki.

Examinations of 70 patients with keeled deformation of the chest (KDC) have revealed signs of connective tissue dysplasia in all the examinees, as well as heart rhythm and conduction disorders. Echography has shown ventricular and atrial septal defects, mitral valve prolapse, dilatation of the aortic root, tricuspidal valve prolapse, abnormally located chorda. The development of KDC in the presence of external connective tissue stigmata, involvement of the cardiovascular system, changed dermatoglyphic pattern of the palms and fingers (as evidenced by dermatoglyphic analysis), as well as findings of histologic examinations of the cartilage removed in the course of thoracoplasty may indicate a generalized abnormality of the connective tissue in this patient population and KDC may be regarded as one of its manifestations.

[Clinical function of the myocardium and cardio- and hemodynamics in patients with pectus carinatum deformity]. / Kliniko-funktsional'noe sostoianie miokarda, kardio- i gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s kilevidnoi deformatsiei grudnoi kletki.

Seventy patients with pectus carinatum were examined. All the patients demonstrated the minimal signs of connective tissue deficiency. The ECG readings showed incomplete blockade of the bundle of His, ventricular extrasystole, WPW and CLC syndromes, and metabolic alterations in the myocardium. Mitral valve prolapse was discovered in 97% of cases by echocardiography. There was a decrease in myocardial contractility along with changes in cardio- and hemodynamics, which were more marked in patients having the corporocostal type of pectus carinatum. The correlation of these values with chest deformity was revealed.