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1.
J Helminthol ; 96: e20, 2022 Mar 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35257651

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the predatory activity of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes from dairy heifers in different conditions (shaded and sunny) of a silvopastoral system (SPS) on an agroecological farm. Ten Jersey heifers were divided into two groups: treated (received pellets containing fungus); and control (received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after fungus administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 8 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (10 treated and 10 control) were selected. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred at intervals of seven days (d), totalling four assessments over 28 d. To evaluate the influence of the conditions shaded and sunny, we registered the condition of the location of each faecal pad per hour. After 12 h of gastrointestinal transit in dairy heifers, a reduction of 65% was obtained through the in vitro test. The treated group presented a lower number of infective larvae (L3) in the faecal pad and upper pasture. Differences in numbers of L3 were observed between the conditions (sunny and shaded) in the faecal pad of the control group; while in the treated group there were no differences between the conditions. The predatory activity of the fungus was efficient over time in the shaded and sunny conditions of an SPS, decreasing the parasite contamination during the pasture recovery time in a subtropical climate.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Duddingtonia , Nematoides , Animais , Bovinos , Fezes/parasitologia , Larva/microbiologia , Nematoides/microbiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Comportamento Predatório
2.
J Helminthol ; 95: e31, 2021 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34120670

RESUMO

Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.


Assuntos
Ascomicetos , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Doenças dos Bovinos , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Nematoides , Infecções por Nematoides , Animais , Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Fezes , Feminino , Fungos , Larva , Infecções por Nematoides/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Controle Biológico de Vetores
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