Efficacy of Local Anesthesia for Radial Artery Puncture Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to assist clinicians in determining the optimal patient-specific method of analgesia during radial artery puncture by comparing radial artery puncture procedural pain. We included randomized controlled trials that assessed the prophylactic efficacy of local anesthesia for radial artery puncture-associated pain. We searched the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online in January 2023, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in January 2023, the Excerpta Medica Database in December 2022, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform Search Portal in January 2023, and ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2023. We synthesized the pain scores (0-100 scale) using the frequentist random-effects NMA model. We evaluated the confidence in each outcome using the CINeMA tool (https://cinema.ispm.unibe.ch/). We conducted an NMA of 1,619 patients across 14 studies on pain scores during radial artery puncture-related procedures for 12 interventions. Compared with placebo, mepivacaine infiltration and lidocaine spray probably reduce pain (mean difference (MD): -47.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): -61.45 to -33.89, confidence rating (CR): moderate; MD: -27.38, 95% CI: -37.53 to -17.22, CR: moderate). Of the 32 studies included, none reported systemic adverse events, such as anaphylaxis or local anesthetic systemic toxicity, or severe local adverse events. In conclusion, mepivacaine infiltration and lidocaine spray probably reduce the pain associated with radial artery puncture more than other local anesthesia.

Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization around the neck: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization (CVC) has become the standard of care. However, providers use a variety of approaches, encompassing the internal jugular vein (IJV), supraclavicular subclavian vein (SupraSCV), infraclavicular subclavian vein (InfraSCV), proximal axillary vein (ProxiAV), distal axillary vein (DistalAV), and femoral vein. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to compare the first-pass success rate and arterial puncture rate for different approaches to ultrasound-guided CVC above the diaphragm. METHODS: In May 2023, Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platform were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the 5 CVC approaches. The Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis tool was used to assess confidence. Thirteen RCTs (4418 participants and 13 comparisons) were included in this review. RESULTS: The SupraSCV approach likely increased the proportion of first-attempt successes compared to the other 4 approaches. The SupraSCV first-attempt success demonstrated risk ratios (RRs) > 1.21 with a lower 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeding 1. Compared to the IJV, the SupraSCV approach likely increased the first-attempt success proportion (RR 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.40, moderate confidence), whereas the DistalAV approach reduced it (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59-0.87, high confidence). Artery puncture had little to no difference across all approaches (low to high confidence). CONCLUSION: Considering first-attempt success and mechanical complications, the SupraSCV may emerge as the preferred approach, while DistalAV might be the least preferable approach. Nevertheless, head-to-head studies comparing the approaches with the greatest first attempt success should be undertaken.

Comparative efficacy of ultrasound guidance or conventional anatomical landmarks for neuraxial puncture in adult patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preprocedural, real-time, and computer-aided three-dimensional ultrasound has been widely used for neuraxial puncture; however, the optimal guidance is unclear. We examined the comparative efficacy of three ultrasound guidance and anatomical landmarks for neuraxial puncture in adults. METHODS: We searched for randomised controlled studies comparing the efficacy of ultrasound guidance and anatomical landmarks for neuraxial puncture in adults using electronic databases and unpublished studies. The primary outcomes were first-pass success and patient satisfaction. A random-effects network meta-analysis (NMA) was used. RESULTS: We identified 74 eligible studies (7090 patients). Preprocedural ultrasound and real-time ultrasound-guided neuraxial puncture improved first-pass success compared with anatomical landmarks (risk ratio [RR] 1.6; 95% credible interval [CrI] 1.3-1.9; RR 1.9; 95% CrI 1.3-2.9, respectively, moderate confidence). Computer-aided ultrasound-guided neuraxial puncture also increased first-pass success (RR 1.8; 95% CrI 0.97-3.3, low confidence), although estimates were imprecise. However, real-time ultrasound-guided neuraxial puncture resulted in minimal difference in first-pass success compared with preprocedural ultrasound (RR 1.2; 95% CrI 0.8-1.8, moderate confidence). Preprocedural ultrasound improved patient satisfaction slightly compared with anatomical landmark use (standardised mean differences 0.28; 95% CrI 0.092-0.47, low confidence). CONCLUSIONS: This NMA provides evidence supporting ultrasound-guided neuraxial puncture compared with use of anatomical landmarks, including indirect comparisons. Among the three ultrasound guidance methods, preprocedural ultrasound appears to be a better adjunctive option.

Efficacy and safety of supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach for subclavian vein catheterisation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background and Aims: Subclavian vein catheterisation (SVC) is more effective than internal jugular or femoral catheterisation and is linked to a lesser incidence of infection and patient discomfort. Whether the supraclavicular (SC) or infraclavicular (IC) approach is more effective for SVC is unclear in the previous systematic review. This updated review is designed to search the efficacy and safety of both approaches adopting the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Methods: In May 2022, we explored the databases of Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO-ICTRP for randomised controlled trials to compare the two approaches. Results: Seventeen trials (2482 cases) were included. In the primary outcomes, the SC approach likely reduces the failure proportion (relative risk [RR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.86; I2 = 5%) and the incidence of malposition (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13-0.39; I2 = 0%) with moderate evidence and may slightly reduce the incidence of arterial puncture and pneumothorax (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.29-1.22; I2 = 0%) with low evidence. In the secondary outcomes, the SC approach may decrease the access time and may increase the first-attempt success proportion. Conclusion: The SC approach for SVC should be selected after considering the clinician's expertise.

Efficacy of Remifentanil in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Remifentanil, characterized by its ultra-short action duration and nonorgan-dependent metabolism, is applied in postcardiac surgery settings worldwide. While previous studies have compared its efficacy with that of other opioids, it has never been compared to a single specific opioid. Here, we evaluated whether remifentanil shortens mechanical ventilation (MV) times in patients after cardiac surgery. We identified randomized controlled trials that compared various opioids in adults (≥18 years) admitted to the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. The primary outcome was the duration of MV, expressed as the mean difference (MD) in minutes, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A 60-min reduction was considered significant based on prior research. Data were sourced from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Platforms Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov, and a frequentist network meta-analysis was conducted. The eight identified studies indicate no differences in the duration of MV between remifentanil and fentanyl (MD 0.09 min; 95%CI -36.89-37.08), morphine (MD -19 min; 95%CI -55.86-16.21), or sufentanil (MD -2.44 min; 95%CI -67.52-62.55). Our study revealed that remifentanil did not reduce MV times in patients after cardiac surgery. The study protocol was registered with the Open Science Forum (https://osf.io/) (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/YAHW2).

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy and vasovagal reflex: A case report.

No reports of vasovagal reflex activity during robotic-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) exist. We present a case of a woman who underwent a RALH for a uterine myoma with uterine adenomyosis. A lack of tactile feedback and a traction force sensor create unique risks of robot-assisted surgery. Anesthesiologists should be aware of these risks.

A goal-directed therapy protocol for preventing acute kidney injury after laparoscopic liver resection: a retrospective observational cohort study.

PURPOSE: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a serious complication of liver resection with restrictive fluid therapy. However, unlike open hepatectomy, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) does not have established anesthesia management strategies. We compared our goal-directed therapy (GDT) protocol for LLR with/without carperitide and the conventional restrictive method regarding AKI prevention. METHODS: The GDT thresholds in this retrospective observational cohort study were as follows: stroke volume variation, ≤ 15%; pulse pressure variation, ≤ 13%; oxygen delivery index, ≥ 600 mL/min/m2; and mean arterial pressure (MAP), ≥ 55 mmHg. If the thresholds were not achieved, a 250 mL infusion fluid bolus was administered. The MAP target was changed to > 65 mmHg if the urine output was < 0.3 mL/kg/h. Postoperative AKI within 48 h and perioperative outcomes within 90 days were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-seven propensity score-matched pairs from 127 patients were investigated. We adjusted for AKI risk factors and surgical difficulty; 46.8% of the GDT group received carperitide. The GDT group had a lower postoperative AKI rate (10.6% vs. 27.7%, P = 0.04) and shorter overall (P = 0.04) and postoperative (P < 0.01) hospital stays than the conventional group. Furthermore, the GDT group received more intraoperative fluid (P = 0.001) and phenylephrine (P = 0.02), without significant increases in blood loss and transfusion volume, than the conventional group. CONCLUSIONS: GDT reduced the AKI rates post-LLR.