Gram-scale synthesis of (+)- and (-)-trans-10-amino-9-hydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene by enzymatic hydrolysis.

The enzymatic resolution of (+/-)-trans-10-azido-9-acetoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene by Candida cylindracea lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis was achieved on the gram-scale with excellent yield and enantiomeric excess. The resulting (+)- and (-)-amino alcohols were derivatized to alpha-hydroxy-N-benzenesulphonamides.

Lithium TADDOLate-triethylboron system as a promoter for the catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to chalcone.

The reaction mixture obtained by treating equimolar amounts of a TADDOL with lithium triethylborohydride promotes the catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of malonates to chalcone with good yields and moderate enantioselectivities. The catalyst is alternatively generated reacting the 1,4-diol with butyllithium and triethylborane. The adduct of dibenzyl malonate to chalcone is attained with 99% ee, after one recrystallization. The reaction scale-up was achieved successfully.

Inhibition of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation elicited by 2,2-dimethylchromenes and chromans containing fluorinated moieties resistant to cytochrome P-450 metabolism.

2,2-Dimethylchromenes and chromans containing cytochrome P-450 resistant 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy aryl substituents were synthesized and their activity as lipid peroxidation inhibitors evaluated and compared with that exhibited by the corresponding non-fluorinated derivatives. Lipid peroxidation was stimulated in rat liver microsomes by addition of Fe-ascorbate or NADPH, and determined with the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) test. In assays using Fe-ascorbate stimulation, only those derivatives with a OH group at C6 (i.e. 6 and 12) elicited good inhibitory activities (IC50 = 6.0 and 5.3 microM, respectively). In respect to the NADPH dependent incubations, inhibitory activity of compound 11 (IC50 = 6.0 microM) was the highest found within the 6,7-dialkoxy derivatives tested. Results on metabolism assays with this compound showed the generation of phenol 12 (i.e. the putative active antioxidant species); on the other hand, no metabolite resulting from dealkylation at C7 was detected, thus confirming the resistance conferred by the CF3CH2O group to the cytochrome P-450 promoted cleavage. Finally, in assays where incubations in the presence of NADPH were prolonged up to three hours, inhibitory activity of the non-fluorinated 6,7-dialkoxychroman 8 remained constant, thus suggesting that a continued release of the species responsible for the inhibitory activity was produced. However, inhibition elicited by the fluorinated analog 11 showed a small decrease during the third hour of incubation. This decrease could be attributed to the slight inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 metabolism exerted by substrates bearing the CF3CH2O substituent, which would decelerate the generation of the active phenol species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)