[The epidemic process of whooping cough at contemporary stage in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan].

The causes of epidemic outbreaks of pertussis infection in the Kyrgyz Republic were studied in order to optimize immunological surveillance of this infection. The object of the study was the epidemic process of whooping cough, and the subject of the study was the incidence of pertussis infection in 2009-2018 and official data on the outbreak of pertussis in 2018. To diagnose pertussis the bacteriological method was applied. The bacteriological inoculation of the samples was carried out in the laboratory of the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. The smear from posterior pharyngeal wall was collected from 2153 patients. The level of pertussis antibodies was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the RIDASCREEN Pertussis IgG test system (R-Biopharm, Germany) in various series. The study data testifies that despite the vaccine prevention and high inoculation coverage, the epidemic increases occurred in incidence of whooping cough in 2015 and 2018 with an intensive rate of 4.7 and 9.6 per hundred thousand of population, respectively. The evaluation of vaccination status of patients demonstrated that out of them 80.7% were non-immunized; the percentage of vaccinated patients made up to 13.1%. The analysis of the age structure testifies that the main group of the diseased consisted of children under one year of life (63.1%), the second group consisted of children aged 1-4 years (33.1%). The severe forms of infection were observed among children under one year of age (95.8%). According to the territorial distribution, the largest percentage of cases fall on Bishkek - 70% (426 cases) and Chuyskaya Oblast - 22.4% (137 cases). The sero-epidemiological study revealed high proportion of seronegative individuals in all studied groups, and the highest percentage was observed in the group of children 5-9 years old and adolescents of 15-19 years old - 62.8% and 62%, respectively.

Gene-to-gene interactions and the association of TP53, XRCC1, TNFα, HMMR, MDM2 and PALB2 with breast cancer in Kyrgyz females.

BACKGROUND: At present, little is known about the genetic background of breast cancer (BC) in Kyrgyz. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess gene-to-gene interactions and the contribution of p.Arg72Pro (TP53 gene), p.Gln399Arg (XRCC1 gene), p.Arg194Trp (XRCC1 gene), g.4682G > A (TNFα gene), p.Val353Ala (HMMR gene), c.14 + 309 T > G (MDM2 gene) and g.38444 T > G (PALB2 gene) polymorphic loci in breast cancer (BC) risk in females of Kyrgyz ethnicity. METHODS: The case-control study comprised 103 females with histologically verified BC and 102 controls with no cancer. We used polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism to genotype polymorphic loci. RESULTS: Gln/Arg heterozygous variant of XRCC1 gene's p.Gln399Arg locus, as well as combined carriage of Arg/Gln//Arg/Pro of XRCC1/TP53; Arg/Gln//T/T of XRCC1/MDM2; Arg/Gln//G/G and Arg/Gln//G/A of XRCC1/TNFα, Arg/Gln//T/T of XRCC1/PALB2; Arg/Gln//Arg/Arg and Arg/Gln//Arg/Trp for p.Gln399Arg and p.Arg194Trp polymorphic loci of XRCC1 were associated with BC in Kyrgyz females. CONCLUSION: TP53, XRCC1, TNFα, HMMR, MDM2 and PALB2 genes' polymorphic site combinations appear to be candidate markers of genetic predisposition to BC in Kyrgyz population and prompt targeted personalized care.

[Association of adiponectin gene G276T polymorphism with the development of metabolic syndrome in ethnic Kyrgyz patients]. / Assotsiatsiya polimorfnogo markera G276T gena adiponektina s razvitiem metabolicheskogo sindroma u patsientov kirgizskoi natsional'nosti.

AIM: To study the association of adiponectin gene G276Т (ADIPOQ) polymorphism with the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in ethnic Kyrgyz patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 171 patients with MS (a study group) and 117 patients without MS (a comparison group) were examined. MS was defined on the basis of the modified ATP III criteria. The genotypes of the G276T polymorphism in the adiponectin gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: Dividing the MS and control groups by gender revealed statistically significant differences in the distribution of alleles and genotypes only among the women. There was a higher frequency of GT+TT genotypes (53% vs 34%; χ2=5.942; р=0.014) and T allele (30% vs 19%; χ2=4.489; р=0.0341) in the women with MS than in those without MS. Iin the ethnic Kyrgyz women, the T allele at the G276Т polymorphic locus in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with the development of MS (odds ratio (OR)=1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-3.19) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR=2.63; 95% CI, 1.05-6.56 ) with the high levels of leptin (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05), triglycerides (OR=3.06; 95% CI, 1.05-8.93), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=2.80; 95% CI, 1,07-7.31) and with the lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR=2.9; 95% CI, 1.15-7.24). CONCLUSION: The risk for MS, T2DM, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia is related to the carriage of the T allele of the G276Т polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene in ethnic Kyrgyz women.