[Prostate cancer screening with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) to men over 70 years old in an urban health zone, 2018-2020: A cross-sectional study]. / Uso del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) para el cribado de cáncer de próstata en la población de 70 años o más de una zona de salud urbana, 2018-2020. Un estudio transversal.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology and estimate the cost of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old in an urban health zone. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed. We obtained every PSA test made in the health zone from 2018 to 2020, and classified them retrospectively as screening (PSAc) or not according to pre-established criteria, reviewing electronic health records. Testing rates were calculated by centres and clinical specialities. The standard population was provided by the city register of inhabitants (VM70). Cost estimation was made using our health system's price list. RESULTS: Two thousand and thirty six PSA, of 888 men ≥ 70 years old were obtained, and 350 met screening classification criteria. Six adenocarcinomas were diagnosed from those tests. We estimated 76.07 PSAc/1000 VM70-year from any centre, 1.45 tests for each screened individual, and 15.71% prevalence. The standard population was 1534 men (mean 2018-2020, SD 45.37). Patients who were screened (median age 75, SD 4.04) were younger than those not screened. We estimated a total screening test cost of 9,751 €. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology and cost of PSA screening tests to men ≥ 70 years old are reported, both in primary health care and in the hospital. PSA screening tests are common practice amongst professionals attending elderly men in our health zone, mostly in primary care. The screening testing rate of men without prostate cancer is similar to that reported in the literature.

[Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in diabetic patients]. / Prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad infecciosa en personas con diabetes.

The bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and diabetes is well-known. On the one hand, diabetes patients are at a higher risk of presenting with infectious diseases, possibly with more severity, and on the other hand, infectious diseases impair metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Population ageing arises partly due to an increased survival rate in chronic diseases, of which diabetes is amongst them. Improving infectious disease prevention could reduce complications arising from the former diseases, consequences of decompensated diabetes condition (morbidity, incapacity, hospital admissions, healthcare costs, and mortality rates) and result in improved quality of life in patients with diabetes. The current review presents the treatment of infectious diseases in patients with diabetes and the dealing with immuno-preventable diseases with the currently advised vaccinations.