[Disease-free survival after surgical and combined treatment of newly diagnosed craniopharyngiomas in adults]. / Pokazateli bezretsidivnoi vyzhivaemosti pri khirurgicheskom i kombinirovannom lechenii kraniofaringiom, vpervye vyyavlennykh u vzroslykh patsientov.

Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a benign epithelial tumor predominantly localized in chiasmatic-sellar region and third ventricle. There are two histological variants of CP: adamantinoma-like (ACP, 85%) and papillomatous (PCP). These types differ significantly in origin and histological structure. PCP predominantly occurs in adults. Treatment of CP, including effectiveness of radiotherapy, is described in multiple studies and mainly devoted to pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To clarify disease-free survival in adults with newly diagnosed CP depending on resection quality; to evaluate the effectiveness of stereotactic irradiation and treatment depending on histological characteristics of tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed treatment outcomes in 398 adults over 10-year follow-up. Stereotactic irradiation was performed in 11.6% of patients. The follow-up data were obtained in 68.1% of patients. We compared 5-year disease-free survival rates after different resections with and without subsequent irradiation. RESULTS: Total resection is effective and provides significantly lower risk of CP recurrence. Effectiveness of stereotactic irradiation after incomplete resection was also confirmed. CONCLUSION: Total resection of ACP and PCP provides high disease-free survival rates. Stereotactic irradiation after incomplete resection is followed by similar outcomes. PCPs are characterized by less aggressive growth and do not recur after total resection.

[Modern concepts of topographic-anatomical classification of craniopharyngiomas: literature review]. / Sovremennye predstavleniya o topografo-anatomicheskoi klassifikatsii kraniofaringiom: obzor literatury.

Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are benign chiasmatic-sellar tumors in children and adults. Surgical resection is currently the main method for CP and largely depends on topographic and anatomical location of tumor. OBJECTIVE: To analyze topographic and anatomical classifications of CP available in the world literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searching for literature data on classifications of CPs was performed in the PubMed, eLibrary and CyberLeninka databases between 1960 and 2023. We used the following keywords: «craniopharyngioma¼, «third ventricle¼, «endoscopic transnasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas¼. RESULTS: We found 21 eligible manuscripts. The vast majority of studies are devoted to topographic and anatomical location of CPs in their own series: baseline growth along hypothalamic-pituitary axis (4 classifications), relation to the third ventricle (5 classifications), pituitary stalk (2 classifications), optic nerves (2 classifications) and meninges (3 classifications), classification of papillomatous CPs (1 report) and adamantinomatous CPs (1 report), functional classifications of hypothalamic lesions (3 reports). CONCLUSION: Topographic classifications of CPs characterize their relation to the most important basal brain structures: pituitary gland, hypothalamus, optic pathways and circle of Willis. There are also single topographic and anatomical classifications with emphasis on morphological component of CP. Exact anatomical and topographic variant of CP is often of decisive importance for choosing the optimal surgical approach, possibility and expediency of total resection. Further clarification of relationship of CP to diencephalic structures is associated with improvement of diagnostic methods, in particular, high-resolution MRI (7.0 T) and MR tractography.

Therapeutic Effects of Bacteroides fragilis Vesicles in a Model of Chemically Induced Colitis in Rats.

The anti-inflammatory properties of Bacteroides fragilis vesicles were studied in a rat model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. According to the histology results, addition of B. fragilis vesicles to the therapy promoted colon repair. Evaluation of the disease activity index confirms the high rate of colon recovery: against the background of vesicle administration, the absence of blood in stool, normal stool consistency, and body weight normalization were observed.

Dysmetabolism of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

The level of ROS (fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and lipid content (fluorescent lipophilic dye Nile Red) in the peripheral blood monocyte fraction from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers were assessed by flow cytofluorimetry. The number of CD36+ monocytes was assessed using specific antibodies. In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the levels of ROS and intracellular lipids in monocytes and the number of cells expressing CD36 fatty acid translocase were elevated. These results indicate metabolic changes in the peripheral blood cells of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders and can be considered as possible prognostic markers for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus complications.

[Disseminated ependymal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a case report and literature review]. / Disseminirovannaya vnutrizheludochkovaya dizembrioplasticheskaya neiroepitelial'naya opukhol': klinicheskii sluchai i obzor literatury.

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) is a benign mixed neuronal-glial neoplasm (WHO grade 1). DNET is most often localized in temporal lobes and found in children and young people with epilepsy. There a few cases of DNET in ventricular system with dissemination along the ependyma in the world literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a rare case of T1- and T2-negative ventricular system tumor. Only FIESTA imaging revealed dissemination with multiple focal lesions of the third ventricle, its bottom and lateral walls, anterior horns of lateral ventricles, cerebellar vermis, cervical and lumbar spinal cord. RESULTS: The patient underwent transcortical endoscopic biopsy of the third ventricle tumor with simultaneous ventriculoperitoneal shunting. DNET was diagnosed, and radiotherapy was subsequently performed. Literature data on this issue were analyzed. CONCLUSION: To date, disseminated forms of DNET are extremely rare. X-ray features and morphological results allow us to establish the correct diagnosis and determine further treatment strategy.

[Optic canal stenosis in Crouzon syndrome: a case report and literature review]. / Stenoz zritel'nykh kanalov pri sindrome Kruzona: klinicheskii sluchai i obzor literatury.

BACKGROUND: Incidence of Crouzon syndrome is 1 per 25.000-31.000 newborns. This syndrome is extremely rarely accompanied by optic canal stenosis. OBJECTIVE: To present a patient with Crouzon syndrome and optic canal stenosis, to discuss the management of such patients considering own and literature data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 6-year-old boy presented with Crouzon syndrome (verified by molecular genetic research, i.e. FGFR2 gene mutation). The patient underwent 3 surgeries for craniosynostosis and hydrocephalus. Nevertheless, visual acuity progressively decreased despite patent ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Examination revealed severe decrease in visual functions with optic disc congestion under secondary atrophy. MRI data on subarachnoid CSF accumulation over both optic nerves potentially indicated optic canal stenosis. This assumption was confirmed by 3D CT. RESULTS: The patient underwent decompression of both optic canals with subsequent improvement of visual functions. CONCLUSION: Vision decrease following Crouzon syndrome may be due to optic canal stenosis. Decompression may be effective, even in long-term course of disease, and improve visual functions.

Measurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of about 88 pb^{-1}, of which 62 pb^{-1} represent a complete dataset collected by CMD-3 at center-of-mass energies below 1 GeV. In the dominant region near the ρ resonance a systematic uncertainty of 0.7% was achieved. The implications of the presented results for the evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are discussed.

Programmable quantum emitter formation in silicon.

Silicon-based quantum emitters are candidates for large-scale qubit integration due to their single-photon emission properties and potential for spin-photon interfaces with long spin coherence times. Here, we demonstrate local writing and erasing of selected light-emitting defects using femtosecond laser pulses in combination with hydrogen-based defect activation and passivation at a single center level. By choosing forming gas (N2/H2) during thermal annealing of carbon-implanted silicon, we can select the formation of a series of hydrogen and carbon-related quantum emitters, including T and Ci centers while passivating the more common G-centers. The Ci center is a telecom S-band emitter with promising optical and spin properties that consists of a single interstitial carbon atom in the silicon lattice. Density functional theory calculations show that the Ci center brightness is enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the presence of hydrogen. Fs-laser pulses locally affect the passivation or activation of quantum emitters with hydrogen for programmable formation of selected quantum emitters.

A role of methionines in the functioning of oxidatively modified fibrinogen.

Posttranslational modifications in fibrinogen resulting from induced oxidation or oxidative stress in the organism can have deleterious influence on optimal functioning of fibrinogen, causing a disturbance in assembly and properties of fibrin. The protective mechanism supporting the ability of fibrinogen to function in ROS-generating environment remains completely unexplored. The effects of very low and moderately low HOCl/-OCl concentrations on fibrinogen oxidative modifications, the fibrin network structure as well as the kinetics of both fibrinogen-to-fibrin conversion and fibrin hydrolysis have been explored in the current study. As opposed to 25 Μm, HOCl/-OCl, 10 µM HOCl/-OCl did not affect the functional activity of fibrinogen. It is shown for the first time that a number of Met residues, AαMet476, AαMet517, AαMet584, BßMet367, γMet264, and γMet94, identified in 10 µM HOCl/-OCl fibrinogen by the HPLC-MS/MS method, operate as ROS scavengers, performing an important antioxidant function. In turn, this indicates that the fibrinogen structure is adapted to the detrimental action of ROS. The results obtained in our study provide evidence for a protective mechanism responsible for maintaining the structure and functioning of fibrinogen molecules in the bloodstream under conditions of mild and moderate oxidative stress.

An experimental platform for investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields.

An experimental platform is developed for the investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields. Mega-Gauss magnetic fields are generated by a 1 MA Zebra pulsed power machine using metal rod loads. A gas jet or CH oil on the load is the source of hydrogen. Excited hydrogen atoms are backlit by black body radiation from the rod load. Hydrogen absorption spectra are recorded with a grating spectrometer and intensified gated CCD camera. The experimental platform enables the observation of the quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen gas jets using the spectral shift of the central line in the Zeeman triplet. Other gases can be studied using the gas jet method.

[Ankle replacement for severe post-traumatic deformation of the distal tibia: a case report]. / Endoprotezirovanie golenostopnogo sustava pri lechenii gruboi posttravmaticheskoi deformatsii distal'nogo otdela bol'shebertsovoi kosti. Klinicheskii sluchai.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate results of ankle replacement with original prosthesis in a patient with severe post-traumatic deformation of the distal tibia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: When developing the original design of ankle prosthesis, we considered foreign analogues of classical and revision models of ankle prostheses taking into account their shortcomings. In this case, an integrated approach was used. Extensive work has been carried out to select materials for prosthetic components. Experimental work with mesenchymal stromal cells of bone marrow was aimed at testing cytotoxicity and biological compatibility. The staff of the department of designing biomechanical structures of the Research Institute of Bionics and Personalized Medicine of the Samara State Medical University carefully studied the proposed design of endoprosthesis using the Ansys software. After cadaver tests on full-scale models, we performed surgical intervention in a patient with severe post-traumatic deformity of the lower third of the left tibia. RESULTS: Our studies revealed convenience and certain advantages of intraoperative installation of original ankle prosthesis. Along with this, this clinical example indicated come features that must be taken into account in revision ankle replacement to avoid possible postoperative consequences. CONCLUSION: Original ankle prosthesis makes it possible to replace the distal tibia and preserve limb function.

Functional Phenotype of Alveolar Macrophages Features in Rats with Metabolic Syndrome.

Phenotypic characteristics of alveolar macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as their ability to acquire the M1 and M2 phenotypes during in vitro culturing with reprogramming factors were studied in rats with modeled diet-induced metabolic syndrome. A decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages with the M1 phenotype was found in animals with metabolic syndrome. The factors of metabolic syndrome do not affect phenotypic plasticity of cells in culture, but under the action of M2 reprogramming factors, the cells demonstrate a wide range of phenotypic plasticity by the CD80 and CD206 markers. The consistently high level of production of IL-6 and IL-10 by macrophages during culturing under different conditions indicates functional rigidity of the cells, which is probably a consequence of in vivo predetermined functional phenotype of these cells against the background of metabolic disorders.

All-silicon quantum light source by embedding an atomic emissive center in a nanophotonic cavity.

Silicon is the most scalable optoelectronic material but has suffered from its inability to generate directly and efficiently classical or quantum light on-chip. Scaling and integration are the most fundamental challenges facing quantum science and technology. We report an all-silicon quantum light source based on a single atomic emissive center embedded in a silicon-based nanophotonic cavity. We observe a more than 30-fold enhancement of luminescence, a near-unity atom-cavity coupling efficiency, and an 8-fold acceleration of the emission from the all-silicon quantum emissive center. Our work opens immediate avenues for large-scale integrated cavity quantum electrodynamics and quantum light-matter interfaces with applications in quantum communication and networking, sensing, imaging, and computing.

Intracellular Lipid Levels and Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus was modeled in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg for 5 days), which led to the appearance of the main symptoms of insulin-dependent diabetes. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient, the production of ROS and the level of intracellular lipids were evaluated by flow cytofluorimetry. In rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an increase in ROS levels in isolated peripheral blood monocytes, but not in the lymphocytic fraction was revealed. Incubation of isolated monocytes in a medium containing 1 mM oleic acid led to a 1.5-fold increase of intracellular lipid levels. After incubation of the lymphocyte fraction in this medium, no differences from the control were revealed. Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type 1 diabetes mellitus leading to an increase of free fatty acids and ROS levels can be detected ex vivo in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

[Biomechanics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint after replacement]. / Analiz biomekhaniki pervogo plyusnefalangovogo sustava posle endoprotezirovaniya.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of biomechanics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint after arthroplasty, interaction between bones and two implants of the first metatarsophalangeal joint using skeletal model of the foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We developed anatomically adapted all-ceramic non-coupled endoprosthesis of proximal interphalangeal joint between 2016 and 2021. To create a model of the foot, we used diagnostic computed tomography whose images were applied in 3D sculpting system and computer-aided design system for final geometric modeling of the joint. RESULTS: In dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint under 45° with the presence of implant, cortical bone tissue can withstand a load of up to 40 kg. Cortical bone tissue with implant can withstand a load of up to 305 kg without dorsal flexion. Strength of implant elements made of zirconium ceramics significantly exceeds strength of bone tissue within implant-bone tissue connection. CONCLUSION: Postoperative axial load on the first metatarsophalangeal joint up to 35 kg with maximum dorsal flexion up to 45° is the most appropriate. Higher load and hyperextension over 45° may be followed by postoperative complications such as implant instability, dislocation and periprosthetic fracture.

Hypolypidemic Activity of L-Rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-Methyl-D-Galacturonan, a Polysaccharide Isolated from Birch Leaves (Betula pendula L.).

In male Syrian hamsters fed a synthetic high-fat diet enriched with cholesterol (0.3%), administration of a polysaccharide from birch leaves L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-methyl-D-galacturonan (3 g/100 g of diet) resulted in a decrease in total cholesterol levels, mainly due to the LDL fraction, triglycerides, and bile acids in blood serum; the content of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver also decreased, while excretion of bile acids with feces increased. Thus, the lipid-lowering effect of L-rhamnopyranosyl-6-O-methyl-D-galacturonan is related to its ability to bind bile acids in the intestine and interrupt their enterohepatic circulation.

Anti-Atherosclerotic Action of a New Stimulator of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase in an Experiment.

We studied the effect of an indolinone derivative GRS on the development of experimental atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice. Atherosclerosis was modeled by intraperitoneal administration of endothelial lipoprotein lipase inhibitor Kolliphor P 407 micro Geismar over 5 months. GRS was administered orally in a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day throughout the experiment. In 5 months, the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides in blood serum, as well as histological composition of the ascending aorta were studied. In mice with experimental atherosclerosis, we observed pronounced dyslipidemia with an increase in serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and accumulation of xanthoma cells in the aorta wall. Repeat administration of GRS did not eliminate dyslipidemia, but prevented an increase in the number of xanthoma cells in the aorta wall (p<0.05). The stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase GRS did not exhibit hypolipidemic activity, but restored impaired endothelial function in the atherosclerosis model and prevented atherosclerotic damage to blood vessels and vascular wall remodeling.

The Effect of Vitamin D3 on Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in High-Glucose Conditions.

NETosis, i.e., the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and neutrophil autophagy are important elements in the pathogenesis and the development of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the search of drugs that can regulate the level of NETosis and autophagy in T2DM is relevant. Here we studied an ex vivo NET formation and neutrophil death in whole blood from healthy subjects upon the addition of glucose up to a high concentration of 15 mM or/and the phorbol ester PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate). Their individual and combined action caused neutrophil death and an increase in NET content. It can be hypothesized that this resulted from activation of NETosis and autophagy. It was also shown that this activation of NETosis and autophagy is completely prevented by daily intake of 1000 IU vitamin D3 for 14 days. Therefore, vitamin D3 supplementation can be considered as a preventive measure against the development of T2DM complications.

[Perioperative augmented reality technology in surgical treatment of locally advanced recurrent rectal cancer]. / Perioperatsionnoe primenenie tekhnologii dopolnennoi real'nosti v khirurgicheskom lechenii bol'nogo mestnorasprostranennym lokoregionarnym retsidivom raka pryamoi kishki.

Rectal cancer occupies the leading position among cancers, and incidence of locally advanced recurrences is still high despite comprehensive treatment. Combined resections are usually associated with high perioperative risks. These procedures are technically complex interventions requiring further improvement. Virtual reality technology in surgical treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer recurrence has not been widely discussed. The authors present multidisciplinary construction of the matched topographic-anatomical virtual model and virtual planning of the combined surgical intervention. Intraoperative use of augmented reality allowed specifying topographic and anatomical features of surgical area, level of vascular ligation, localization of tumor fixation points and resection borders. These data ensured safety and quality of resection. Further research of augmented reality technology and improvement of its technical aspects will improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with locally advanced pelvic tumors and recurrences.

High-Entropy Layered Rare Earth Hydroxides.

New high-entropy layered rare earth hydroxides ─ (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Sm)2(OH)5NO3, (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Tb)2(OH)5NO3, (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Yb)2(OH)5NO3, (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Nd)2(OH)5NO3, and (Y,Eu,Gd,Er,Nd,Sm,Tb)2(OH)5NO3 ─ were obtained using a hydrothermal microwave method. The annealing of layered rare earth hydroxides at 900 °C resulted in the corresponding high-entropy rare earth oxides. Based on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy data, the values for configurational entropy for both rare earth hydroxides and oxides were estimated, confirming the formation of high-entropy compounds. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, including mapping in the scanning transmission microscopy mode, showed no signs of chemical segregation and confirmed uniform rare earth elements' distribution both in the particles of high-entropy layered basic nitrates and in the particles of high-entropy oxides. The ratios of rare earth cations in the initial aqueous solutions of mixed nitrates were close to the ratios of cations in the resulting high-entropy layered rare earth basic nitrates and high-entropy rare earth oxides.