Osteosarcoma of the bladder: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma arising from the bladder is extremely rare, with only 38 cases reported to our knowledge. It is often detected owing to hematuria, and is treated by surgery (for example, total cystectomy), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; however, the prognosis is extremely poor. CASE PRESENTATION: An 83-year-old Japanese man underwent cystoscopy for postoperative follow-up of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which revealed a 2-cm nodular tumor on the right wall. He had a history of abdominal aortic aneurysm and hypertension, and had been smoking 15 cigarettes per day for 45 years. Seven years previously, the patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor for a 5-cm tumor on the right wall of the bladder. The histopathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma. No recurrence had been detected since then. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was cystosarcoma. Because of his advanced age, we decided that it would be difficult to perform total cystectomy. We therefore performed a second transurethral resection of bladder tumor and found no residual tumor. At 29 months after surgery, the patient remains alive without recurrence. CONCLUSION: Bladder osteosarcoma has a poor prognosis. However, our case was detected early, and treatment with transurethral resection of bladder tumor alone resulted in long-term survival without recurrence.

[A Long-Term Survival Case of Paraganglioma Treated with Repeated Surgical Resection].

We report a case of long-term survival in paraganglioma treated with repetitive surgery. A 32-year-old man was seen at the hospital because of hypertension and headache. On biochemical tests, elevated serum and urinary levels of noradrenaline were noted. Abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a tumor 50 mm in diameter on the dorsal region of the inferior vena cava, superior to the renal artery. Our diagnosis was paraganglioma and we performed open resection of the tumor. Six years later, hypertension and headache appeared and abdominal computed tomography revealed tumors located in right renal hilus and para-aortic regions superior to aortic bifurcation, and ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy revealed uptake at the same sites. Therefore, we diagnosed the patient with recurrent pheochromocytoma and performed laparoscopic resection of the tumor. Surgical treatment was repeatedly performed for recurrence, and the symptoms due to hypersecretion of catecholamines could be controlled over a long period.

[Left Essential Renal Hematuria, that Cannot Be Stopped by Ureteroscopy, Successfully Treated with the Instillation of Hydrogen Peroxide into the Renal Pelvis : A Case Report].

We report a case of left essential renal hematuria successfully treated with the instillation of hydrogen peroxide into the renal pelvis. A 68-year-old man was referred to our hospital with the chief complaint of gross hematuria. Our diagnosis was left renal essential hematuria. We could not find the bleeding point using a flexible ureteroscope. Due to prolonged gross hematuria, we performed instillation of hydrogen peroxide into the renal pelvis and the gross hematuria completely disappeared. Retrograde hydrogen peroxide instillation therapy is useful and safe for essential renal hematuria.

Pathophysiological implication of reversed CT halo sign in invasive pulmonary mucormycosis: a rare case report.

BACKGROUND: It has been accepted that reversed halo sign (RHS) appeared on a computed tomography (CT) image in immunocompromised patients indicates an invasive fungal infection, but its pathophysiology remains obscure as to what this image implies. Therefore, the present report describes detailed radiological and histopathological findings of a case of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis (IPM) presenting RHS with comparison to those from a lesion of discrete nodule caused by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), and discusses the pathophysiological implications of this characteristic image. CASE PRESENTATION: RHS had been clinically noted at the time of recovering of bone marrow function of a 64-year-old Japanese man who had chemotherapy for his acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Histological examination of the surgically removed lung revealed a lesion of IPM. This was composed of coagulation necrosis of septa at the center of lesion with preservation of air content which was encompassed outer rim comprising triplet structure; liquefaction, consolidation, and organization from the inner to the outer layer. In addition, Micro-CT examination confirmed reticular structure and monotonous high density at the central coagulation necrosis preserving air content and surrounding consolidation, and organization lesion of the IPM lesion. CONCLUSION: Our investigations suggest that RHS might be understood as a kind of immune reconstitution syndrome and be the initial and prior status of air crescent sign. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3480054198968132.

Ef7 encodes an ELF3-like protein and promotes rice flowering by negatively regulating the floral repressor gene Ghd7 under both short- and long-day conditions.

Much progress has been made in our understanding of photoperiodic flowering of rice and the mechanisms underlying short-day (SD) promotion and long-day (LD) repression of floral induction. In this study, we identified and characterized the Ef7 gene, one of the rice orthologs of Arabidopsis EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). The ef7 mutant HS276, which was induced by γ-irradiation of the japonica rice cultivar 'Gimbozu', flowers late under both SD and LD conditions. Expression analyses of flowering time-related genes demonstrated that Ef7 negatively regulates the expression of Ghd7, which is a repressor of the photoperiodic control of rice flowering, and consequently up-regulates the expression of the downstream Ehd1 and FT-like genes under both SD and LD conditions. Genetic analyses with a non-functional Ghd7 allele provided further evidence that the delayed flowering of ef7 is mediated through the Ghd7 pathway. The analysis of light-induced expression of Ghd7 revealed that the ef7 mutant was more sensitive to red light than the wild-type plant, but the gate of Ghd7 expression was unchanged. Thus, our results show that Ef7 functions as a floral promoter by repressing Ghd7 expression under both SD and LD conditions.

Miliary tuberculosis associated with chronic neutrophilic leukemia.

We report a case of miliary tuberculosis associated with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). A 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital complaining of a 1-month history of persistent fever and anorexia. Chest and abdominal computed tomography images revealed diffuse small nodular lesions in the bilateral lung fields and extreme splenomegaly. Sputum cultures isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After anti-tuberculous therapy for 1 year, the patient underwent splenectomy for massive splenomegaly and progressive leukocytosis. The presence of the homozygous JAK2 V617F tyrosine kinase mutation was also demonstrated in the peripheral blood. She was finally diagnosed as having miliary tuberculosis associated with CNL based on the histopathological examination of spleen. The patient was treated with a daily dose of 500 mg of hydroxyurea. As a result, 18 months after the splenectomy, her leukocyte count was decreased and her clinical condition was markedly improved; there was no relapse of the CNL.

[Four cases of therapy-related leukemia in multiple myeloma].

We have experienced 4 cases of therapy-related leukemia (TRL) in 119 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who had received combination chemotherapy including alkylating agents between 1988 and 1998. All 4 cases were acute myelogenous leukemia, 3 were males and 1 was female. Median age at diagnosis of MM was 60 years, and median time to TRL from diagnosis of MM was 5.5 years. The chromosome abnormalities were found in 3 of those cases. All 4 cases were resistant to antileukemic chemotherapy, and median survival time from TRL was only 5.5 months. The TRL in MM is thought to be a more important problem, because recently the treatment for this disease has become more intensive, including high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation.

Prognostic significance of the serum phosphorus level and its relationship with other prognostic factors in multiple myeloma.

We studied the serum phosphorus (P) level of 110 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) (age range 42-83 years, median 62 years) and evaluated the relationship between that and other prognostic factors. Serum P level significantly correlated with the prognostic factors that are relevant to renal dysfunction: serum creatinine (P<0.00000001), serum beta2-microglobulin (P=0.00000088), serum uric acid (P=0.0000014), and corrected serum calcium (cCa P=0.000067). Although it also correlated with the percentage of plasma cells in bone marrow nucleated cells (BMPC%) and the hemoglobin (Hb) and leukocyte counts, the significance was less than for the other four prognostic factors. Serum creatinine, BMPC%, leukocyte count, serum uric acid, bone lesions, beta2-microglobulin, and serum cCa were all significantly higher and Hb significantly was lower in the MM patients with hyperphosphatemia (serum P>3.8 mg/dl). The survival time was significantly shorter in these patients (P=0.000087). Multivariate analysis (Cox's proportional hazards regression model) showed that the serum P level is a significant negative prognostic factor in MM patients.