Rabies virus variants from bats closely related to variants found in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a neglected source of human rabies infection in Brazil.

Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis caused by rabies virus (RABV). RABV infects the central nervous system and triggers acute encephalomyelitis in both humans and animals. Endemic in the Brazilian Northeast region, RABV emergence in distinct wildlife species has been identified as a source of human rabies infection and as such, constitutes a public health concern. Here, we performed post-mortem RABV analyses of 144 encephalic tissues from bats sampled from January to July 2022, belonging to 15 different species. We identified phylogenetically distinct RABV from Phyllostomidae and Molossidae bats circulating in Northeastern Brazil. Phylogenetic clustering revealed the close evolutionary relationship between RABV viruses circulating in bats and variants hosted in white-tufted marmosets, commonly captured to be kept as pets and linked to human rabies cases and deaths in Brazil. Our findings underline the urgent need to implement a phylogenetic-scale epidemiological surveillance platform to track multiple RABV variants which may pose a threat to both humans and animals.

Validity Evidence of the Work-Family Conflict Scale for Public Security Professionals / Evidências de Validade da Escala Conflito Trabalho-Família para Profissionais da Segurança Pública

Abstract The aim of this article is to present evidence of validity for the 'work-family conflict scale' with a sample of 10,383 professionals working in Brazilian public security. Cross-validation procedures were applied through the definition of two subsamples, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. All ethical procedures were followed. The results found in both the exploratory factor analysis ('Work Interference with Family' Factor, with factor loadings between .91 and .81 and alpha of .93, and 'Family Interference with Work' Factor, with factor loadings between .96 and .71 and alpha of .90) and the confirmatory analysis (χ2/df <5; CFI >.98; TLI >.98; RMSEA <.10) demonstrate robust evidence of validity, indicating the use of the scale in other organizational contexts.

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo geral apresentar evidências de validade da escala 'conflito trabalho-família' junto a uma amostra de 10.383 profissionais que atuam na segurança pública brasileira. Optou-se pela condução dos procedimentos de validação cruzada, por meio da definição de duas subamostras, foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias. Todos os procedimentos éticos foram adotados. Os resultados encontrados tanto na análise fatorial exploratória (Fator 'Interferência do Trabalho na Família', com cargas fatoriais entre 0,91 e 0,81 e alpha de 0,93 e Fator 'Interferência da Família no Trabalho, com cargas entre 0,96 a 0,71 e alpha de 0,90) quanto confirmatória (χ2/gl < 5; CFI > 0,98; TLI > 0,98; RMSEA < 0,1) demonstram robustas evidências de validade, indicando o uso da escala em outros contextos organizacionais.

Coconut Oil Supplementation Does Not Affect Blood Pressure Variability and Oxidative Stress: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study in Stage-1 Hypertensive Patients.

Exploring an alternative to improve the clinical management of hypertension, we tested the hypothesis that food supplementation with coconut oil (EVCO), alone or combined with aerobic exercise training, could exert an antihypertensive effect (primary outcome) in patients with stage 1 hypertension. Forty-five hypertensive volunteers of both genders participated in a placebo-controlled clinical trial. The volunteers were submitted to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV), measurement of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nutritional assessment. Results indicate that EVCO consumption had no adverse effects. The supplementation did not increase the caloric intake compared with placebo, and the dietary constituents were similar between groups, except for the saturated fats, especially lauric acid. The analysis of blood pressure indicated absence of antihypertensive effect of EVCO alone or combined with physical training. Furthermore, no effects on blood pressure variability and oxidative stress were observed in the supplemented hypertensive patients. Thus, despite the results observed in pre-clinical studies, the current clinical study did not provide evidence to support the use of coconut oil as an adjuvant in the management of hypertension in humans.

Biological and physicochemical implications of the aging process on titanium and zirconia implant material surfaces.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Changes in physicochemical properties because of implant material aging and natural deterioration in the oral environment can facilitate microbial colonization and disturb the soft-tissue seal between the implant surfaces. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of aging time on the physicochemical profile of titanium (Ti) and zirconia (ZrO2) implant materials. Further microbiology and cell analyses were used to provide insights into the physicochemical implications of biological behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disk-shaped specimens of Ti and ZrO2 were submitted to roughness, morphology, and surface free energy (SFE) analyses before nonaging (NA) and after the aging process (A). To simulate natural aging, disks were subjected to low-temperature degradation (LTD) by using an autoclave at 134 ºC and 0.2 MPa pressure for 20 hours. The biological activities of the Ti and ZrO2 surfaces were determined by analyzing Candida albicans (C. albicans) biofilms and human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell proliferation. For the microbiology assays, a variance analysis method (ANOVA) was used with the Tukey post hoc test. For the evaluation of cellular proliferation, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn multiple comparisons were used. RESULTS: Ti nonaging (TNA) and ZrO2 nonaging (ZNA) disks displayed hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, and this effect was sustained after the aging process. Low-temperature degradation resulted in a modest change in intermolecular interaction, with 1.06-fold for TA and 1.10-fold for ZA. No difference in biofilm formation was observed between NA and A disks of the same material. After 48 hours, the viability of the attached HGF cells was very similar to that in the NA and A groups, regardless of the tested material. CONCLUSION: The changes in the physicochemical properties of Ti and ZrO2 induced by the aging process do not interfere with C. albicans biofilm formation and HGF cell attachment, even after long-term exposure.

The effects of aquatic and land exercise on resting blood pressure and post-exercise hypotension response in elderly hypertensives.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared resting blood pressure (BP) using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) responses in two groups of subjects trained in land exercise (LE) and aquatic exercise (AE), and assessed post-exercise hypotension (PEH) using ABPM, after land- and aquatic-based exercises. METHODS: ABPM (24 hours) was used to measure the baseline BP in elderly hypertensive women trained in LE and AE and the PEH induced by exercise. For this, 40 subjects were evaluated at rest and after a land- or aquatic-based exercise session (aerobic: 75% of reserve heart rate combined with resistance exercise). RESULTS: The daytime BP was lower for AE [systolic BP (SBP) 124 ± 1.0 mmHg, diastolic BP (DBP) 70 ± 1.5 mmHg] than for LE (SBP 134 ± 0.9 mmHg, DBP 76 ± 0.9 mmHg), but there were no differences at night-time. The aquatic exercise-induced PEH in the second hour was maintained at the 24th hour post-exercise. For land exercise-induced PEH, it was maintained at the 12th hour post-exercise. The SBP and DBP were lower at the 24th hour for AE than for LE. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly hypertensive people trained in AE had lower baseline BP during the daytime. SBP and DBP values were lower for individuals trained in AE, and their PEH was more rapid and longer lasting after AE.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodule smaller than 1.0 cm: accuracy of TIRADS classification system in more than 1000 nodules.

OBJECTIVE: To identify whether or not the same ultrasound features can be applied and should be considered to support the decision as to which subcentimeter nodules should be biopsied with fine needle aspiration (FNAB). METHODS: Single-institution, IRB approved, retrospective study conducted from 2008 to 2016 that evaluated 1094 thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm that were classified according to TIRADS and submitted for FNAB. RESULTS: The value of FNAB of thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm were assessed and correlated with the sonographic criteria by comparing the obtained results with the cytological findings in 1094 thyroid nodules. In the analysis considering all nodules, the proportion of malignancies among nodules with TIRADS 2 is 0.91% and for TIRADS 3 is 2.87%. Among those classified as 4A, 12.26%; with 4B classification, 34.43%; with 4C classification, 66.6%; and among those with 5 classifications, 85.7%. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the TIRADS classification system, based on the sonographic features reported herein, may help detect which nodules should be investigated for potential malignancies. Advances in knowledge: Few reports compare the efficacy of ultrasound-FNAB for thyroid nodules smaller than 1.0 cm in diameter. The findings of malignancy in this subgroup of nodules may help in the clinical follow-up of which patients should be submitted to an early imaging evaluation or intervention.

Effect of titanium and zirconia dental implant abutments on a cultivable polymicrobial saliva community.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Peri-implantitis is considered the most important biological complication responsible for late implant failure. The physical chemical properties intrinsic to each material can affect the first step to biofilm development and is an important precursor to the adaptive behavior of pathogenic bacteria species. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of 2 commercially available implant abutment materials on the adhesion phase and biofilm formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disks (8 mm in diameter, 2 mm thick) of machined pure titanium (Ti) and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) materials were used to mimic implant abutments. The physical chemical surface properties were investigated using different approaches. Initial adherent bacteria and biofilm formation were evaluated after 16 and 48 hours by incubating the disks in a rich medium containing representative saliva-derived oral microbial community. Unpaired t test, 2 tailed, was used to compare the groups. RESULTS: Ti presented lower hydrophobicity and surface free energy values than the ZrO2, and 6.1-fold fewer bacteria adhered to the Ti. After 48 hours, detailed quantitative analysis showed that biofilm biomass and biofilm density were lower on the Ti disks than on ZrO2. The quantity of phylotypes on the Ti and ZrO2 surfaces was relatively similar during the attachment and early biofilm formation periods. CONCLUSIONS: Although no difference in the bacteria profile was observed between both materials independent of the time point, the highest level of colonization was on ZrO2.

Estudo da atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato etanólico de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) sob Haemonchus contortus em ovinos no semiárido paraibano / Study of the anthelminthic activity of the ethanol extract of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) on Haemonchus contortus in sheep of the Paraiba semiarid, Brazil

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito anti-helmíntico de Jatropha mollissima por meio de experimentos in vitro e in vivo. Inicialmente foi investigada a concentração de extrato com efeito bioativo, pelo teste de evolução da toxicidade do extrato etanólico de J. mollissima sobre o microcrustáceo Artemia salina, obtendo uma CL50 de 660,80µg/ml, que foi testada em coproculturas contendo larvas infectantes de Haemonchus contortus e em animais para a verificação da redução do OPG. Para o teste in vivo o extrato foi dissolvido em água para se obter as concentrações 660,80µg/ml e 1321,6µg/ml, foram coletadas fezes semanalmente e sangue quinzenalmente. Como resultados dos testes in vitro, o extrato etanólico do caule de Jatropha mollissima mostrou-se tóxico sobre A. salina, com CL50 abaixo de 1000 µg/ml e inibiu a eclosão de ovos e o desenvolvimento de larvas de H. contortus, apresentando uma eficiência de 70,77%. O teste in vivo revelou que o extrato é também eficaz em ovinos, com redução significativa na contagem de OPG após 28 dias de experimento, 47 e 44% de redução nos grupos tratados com o extrato, 7,5% no grupo de animais não tratados e 40,6% com a ivermectina. Mesmo parasitados, os animais permaneceram clinicamente saudáveis e sem anemia. O extrato etanólico do caule de Jatropha mollissima pode representar uma alternativa ao controle da verminose ovina, pois retarda a resistência parasitária.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of Jatropha mollissima through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Initially we investigated the concentration of extract with bioactive effect, through the toxicity evolution test of the ethanol extract of J. mollissima on the microcrustacean Artemia salina, obtaining CL50 concentration of 660.80µg/ml, which was tested in fecal cultures containing infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and in animals for the verification of OPG reduction. For in vivo test, the extract was dissolved in water to obtain concentrations of 660.80µg/ml and 1321.6µg/ml. Feces were collected weekly and blood was collected every fifteen days. As a result of in vitro test, the ethanol extract of the stem of J. mollissima proved toxic on A. salina, with CL50 less than 1000µg/ ml and inhibited the eggs hatching and the development of larvae of H. contortus, presenting an efficiency of 70.77%. in vivo test revealed that the extract is also effective in sheep, with a significant reduction in the count of OPG after 28 days of experiment, 47 and 44% of reduction in the groups treated with the extract, 7.5% in the untreated group of animals and 40.6% with ivermectin. Even parasitized, the animals remained clinically healthy and without anemia. The ethanol extract of the stem of Jatropha mollissima may represent an alternative to the control of sheep worms, because it slows the parasitic resistance.(AU)

Gliomas multiplos: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Multiples gliomas: case report and literature review

A melhoria no diagnóstico por imagem, aumento da expectativa de vida e métodos diagnósticos menos invasivos como a biópsia estereotática tornaram possíveis um maior número de diagnósticos definitivo de lesões múltiplas cerebrais. Acreditase que o número crescente de gliomas múltiplos (GsMs) registrados seja decorrente de uma melhor investigação diagnóstica ao invés de um aumento no seu número absoluto por qualquer outro motivo. Diagnósticos presuntivos muito utilizados em relação a lesões múltiplas cerebrais em um passado recente,não encontram mais lugar na neurocirurgia atual. A descrição deste caso, bem como a revisão literária, objetiva ao neurocirurgião ter em mente o diagnóstico de GsMs, pois, apresentam características clínicas e radiológicas semelhantes a patologias benignas de excelente prognóstico bem como lesões expansivas também de prognóstico reservado, mas que exigem manejo diferente por parte do médico assistente.

Traumatismo de crânio por ferimento por arma de fogo: perfil epidemiológico em um hospital de referência de Curitiba e revisão de literatura / Firegun head injuries: epidemiological profile fron a referential university hospital of Curitiba and literature review

Objetivo: verificar dados epidemiológicos de ferimentos por projétil de arma de fogo (FPAF) no período de junho de 2007a agosto de 2008 em hospital referência em trauma, bem como revisão de literatura. Métodos: realizado estudo retrospectivo com ênfase nas variáveis sexo, idade, dia de semana do evento,escala de coma de Glasgow à admissão, trajetória do projétil e evolução do paciente pós injúria por FPAF em crânio ,conforme ficha padronizada pelo serviço de neurocirurgia do referido hospital. Resultados: foram computados 33 casos. Três excluídos, pois, embora em região cefálica, não adentraram cavidade intracraniana. Idade média de acometimento foi de28,75 anos; predomínio do sexo masculino (73,33%); 50%dos casos foram admitidos em Glasgow <6; 60% evoluíram ao óbito; orifício de entrada presente em quadrante anterior direito em 30% dos casos, com porcentagem idêntica em quadrante posterior direito; 30% ocorreram na segunda feira,seguidos de 23,33% no domingo. Conclusão: os dados obtidos neste estudo corroboram literatura mundial. Glasgow abaixo de 6 à admissão e envolvimento ventricular ou multilobar traduzem mau prognóstico. População jovem masculina vitimada durante o final de semana compatível com relatos encontrados em revisão literária.

Natural products with antileprotic activity

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae bacillus. It was considered to be an incurable disease for ages. Nowadays leprosy is a vanishing disease although we can meet it principally in the tropical zone countries. Brazil has the second greatest number of leprosy cases around the world with almost 30,000 new cases diagnosed in 2005. The present work constitutes a literature review on plant extracts and chemically defined molecules of natural origin showing antileprotic activity. The review refers to 11 plants, their families, and geographical distribution, the utilized parts, the type of extract and the tested organism. It also includes 17 compounds isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, classified into appropriate chemical groups. Some aspects of recent antileprotic-activity-directed research on natural products are discussed. For this purpose 63 references were consulted.

A hanseníase é uma doença crônica infecciosa ocasionada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Foi considerada incurável por muitos anos. Atualmente a lepra é uma doença em desaparecimento, apesar de podermos encontrá-la principalmente nos países da zona tropical. O Brasil é o país que tem o segundo maior número de casos de lepra ao redor do mundo com quase 30.000 novos casos diagnosticados em 2005. Este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura dos vegetais e substâncias de origem natural com atividade antileprótica. Foram encontradas 11 plantas e 17 substâncias isoladas de plantas e microrganismos que foram classificados em grupos químicos adequados. Alguns aspectos de pesquisa recente com produtos naturais direcionados à produção de drogas contra a lepra também são discutidos. Foram consultadas 63 referências.

Rinaldo alegria e Rinaldo tristonho: processo educativo no atendimento aos clientes renais crônicos e seus familiares / Rinaldo hapiness and Rinaldo sadness: the education process in the attendance of clients with cronic renal failure and their families

Este trabalho apresenta a construção de material didático pedagógico constituído de um Sistema Renal sadio e outro doente para ser utilizado como meio auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem do cliente renal crônico, familiares e profissionais de saúde. A contrução deste invento contou com um trabalho coltivo dos enfermeiros e da utilização de sucatas. Os protótipos são modelados em esponjas, decorados com expressões tristes e alegres auxiliando aos profissionais de enfermagem a adquirir uma orientação de educação diferenciada, despertando a curiosidade das pessoas, ao visualizarem e/ou tocarem um objeto. Este modelo possibilita que o conhecimento seja adquirido gradativamente, de modo coletivo, alegre, prazeroso e participativo.