Relationship between Skeletal Malocclusion and Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible in Long Face Patients.

This study aimed to assess the relationship between skeletal malocclusion and radiomorphometric indices of the mandible in long face patients. This cross-sectional study evaluated 174 lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs of long face patients between the ages of 17 and 30 presenting at the Orthodontics Department of Qazvin Dental School. The gonial angle, antegonial angle, type of antegonial notch, and depth of antegonial notch were measured bilaterally on panoramic radiographs. The correlation between the radiomorphometric parameters and the type of occlusion was analyzed using one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test (alpha = 0.05). The mean size of gonial angle was significantly different among the three classes of occlusion (p = 0.046), while the difference was not significant regarding the antegonial angle size and antegonial notch depth (p > 0.05). An independent t-test showed that the mean sizes of gonial angle (p = 0.026) and antegonial angle (p = 0.036), and the antegonial notch depth (p = 0.046) in males, were significantly greater than the values in females. According to the Chi-square and Fisher's exact test, the right antegonial notch type was significantly different among the three classes of malocclusion (p = 0.006), while this difference was not significant in the left side (p = 0.318). The right antegonial notch type II was more common in males, while the right antegonial notch type I was more common in females (p = 0.014). According to the results, the indices of gonial angle and type of antegonial notch can be clinically useful for predicting the growth rate of the mandible and designing the appropriate treatment in long face patients.

Knowledge Enhancement of Elementary School Staff about Traumatic Dental Injuries Using Different Educational Tools.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of different educational tools for knowledge enhancement of elementary school staff about the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) study was conducted on 126 elementary school staff in Qazvin city, who were randomly selected by the cluster sampling in 2020. The baseline knowledge level of the participants about TDIs was assessed by an online questionnaire. Next, they were randomized into the poster, video clip, and no-intervention control groups (56 samples in each group). An informatory poster and a video clip about TDIs were sent to the participants in the first two groups, respectively, through the WhatsApp instant messaging app, and the knowledge level of the three groups was assessed again after 3 weeks. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, McNemar test, chi-square test, and t-test. Results: A significant correlation was noted between the baseline knowledge level of the participants and their educational level, participation in first aid courses covering TDIs, and history of encountering TDIs (P < 0.05). The knowledge level of the participants significantly increased after the intervention in the poster and video clip groups (P < 0.05). Knowledge enhancement was 43.26% in the poster and 36.61% in the video clip group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the low-baseline knowledge level of the elementary school staff in Qazvin city about TDIs, their knowledge level significantly improved after the educational interventions.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Dental Anxiety during Pulpotomy in 7-10 Year-Old Children: A Clinical Trial.

Objectives: Dental anxiety is a common phenomenon experienced by children in the dental setting. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions in managing this anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cognitive-behavioral psychologic intervention on dental anxiety in children. Materials and Methods: A total of thirty children, aged 7-10 years, underwent prophylaxis and fluoride therapy. The baseline anxiety levels of the children were determined using the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). The intervention group (N=15) received two 30-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral exercises. Additionally, a short film demonstrating a cooperative child undergoing pulpotomy was created and parents were instructed to show it to their children at home. During the treatment session, the exercises were reinforced at each step, and the MCDAS questionnaire was administered again. The children's behavior was also assessed using the Venham Clinical Cooperation Scale. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Postoperatively, the MCDAS score in the intervention group was significantly lower compared to the control group. Notably, the intervention group demonstrated a downward trend in anxiety scores, while the control group showed an increase (P<0.001). Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral interventions were found to be successful in decreasing dental anxiety in children undergoing pulpotomy. These interventions can be successfully implemented in clinical settings.

Attitude of parents towards oral health and dental treatment of their children during the COVID-19 pandemic / Atitude dos pais em relação à saúde bucal e tratamento odontológico de seus filhos durante a pandemia do COVID-19

Objective: Increased rate of dental caries among children necessitate regular pediatric dental treatments; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for dental visits of children, compromising their oral health. To assess the attitude of parents towards oral health and dental treatment of their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: 232 eligible parents presenting to the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Qazvin Dental School during March and April 2021 seeking dental care for their children were requested to fill out a questionnaire included data regarding demographic information, child's dental history, attitude about the COVID-19 and risk of dental treatments. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (alpha=0.05). Results: One-third of the parents reported that fear of contraction of COVID-19 was the reason for not seeking dental care during the pandemic. The majority of the parents stated no change in oral hygiene behavior or consumption of sugary foods during the pandemic. Cancellation of previous dental appointments (P=0.038) and unwillingness to seek dental care at present (P=0.015) were significantly correlated with the susceptibility score. The susceptibility score of the parents was also correlated with their psychological status (P=0.016). A significant correlation was noted between the susceptibility score and attitude as well (r=0.287, P<0.001). Conclusion: High level of concern regarding the COVID-19 prevents parents from seeking dental care for their children. It is imperative to take measures to reassure the parents regarding the safety of dental care for their children during the pandemic to ensure continuation of dental care. (AU)

Objetivo: O aumento da incidência de cárie dentária entre as crianças exige que tratamentos odontológicos pediátricos regulares sejam realizados; no entanto, a pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe desafios significativos para as consultas odontológicas de crianças, comprometendo a saúde bucal. O objetivo do estudo foi mensurar a atitude dos pais em relação a saúde bucal e o tratamento odontológico de seus filhos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Material e Métodos: 232 pais elegíveis que se apresentaram ao Departamento de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Qazvin durante março e abril de 2021 em busca de atendimento odontológico para seus filhos foram solicitados a preencher um questionário, incluindo dados sobre informações demográficas, histórico odontológico da criança, atitude sobre a COVID-19 e risco de tratamentos odontológicos no contexto da COVID-19. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste t independente, ANOVA um fator e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (alfa = 0,05). Resultados: Um terço dos pais relatou que o medo de contrair COVID-19 foi o motivo para não procurar atendimento odontológico durante a pandemia. A maioria dos pais afirmou não haver mudança no comportamento de higiene bucal ou consumo de alimentos açucarados durante a pandemia. Cancelamento de consultas odontológicas anteriores (P=0,038) e falta de vontade de procurar atendimento odontológico no momento (P=0,015) foram significativamente correlacionados com o escore de suscetibilidade. O escore de suscetibilidade dos pais também foi correlacionado com seu estado psicológico (P=0,016). Também foi observada correlação significativa entre o escore de suscetibilidade e a atitude (r=0,287, P<0,001). Conclusão: O alto nível de preocupação em relação a COVID-19 impede que os pais procurem atendimento odontológico para seus filhos. É imperativo tomar medidas para tranquilizar os pais quanto à segurança do atendimento odontológico de seus filhos durante a pandemia para garantir a continuidade do atendimento odontológico. (AU)

Microleakage of an Enhanced Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Material in Primary Molars.

OBJECTIVES: Resin composites, glass ionomers (GIs), or a combination of these materials have gradually replaced silver amalgam in pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this study was to compare the microleakage of Class II (box only) cavity restorations with ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative Glass, resin-modified GI (RMGI), and composite in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 65 primary molars with at least one intact proximal surface were selected in this in-vitro study. After debridement of each tooth, Class II (box only) cavities were prepared. Based on the type of the restorative material and the application of etching and bonding adhesives, the samples were categorized into five groups: (1) composite; (2) RMGI (Fuji II LC)+conditioner; (3) RMGI (Fuji II LC); (4) enhanced RMGI (ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative Glass)+etching/bonding; and (5) ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative Glass. The restored teeth were thermocycled for 2000 cycles. After embedding in an acrylic resin, the degree of dye penetration at axial and gingival walls was assessed using a stereomicroscope. The data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. RESULTS: Resin-based composite (RBC) Z250 showed the least microleakage, while RMGI showed maximum microleakage at axial walls. The mean degree of microleakage at gingival margins was the lowest in RBC Z250 and ACTIVA+etching/bonding groups and the highest in RMGI+conditioner and RMGI groups. CONCLUSIONS: The microleakage of ACTIVA Bioactive Restorative material in the absence or presence of etching and bonding could be comparable to the microleakage of composites.