RESUMO
CONTEXT: Isometric muscle strength of knee extensors has been assessed for estimating performance, evaluating progress during physical training, and investigating the relationship between isometric and dynamic/functional performance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity and reliability of an adapted leg-extension machine for measuring isometric knee extensor force. DESIGN: Validity (concurrent approach) and reliability (test and test-retest approach) study. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 70 healthy men and women aged between 20 and 30 y (39 in the validity study and 31 in the reliability study). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values calculated for the maximum voluntary isometric torque of knee extensors at 30°, 60°, and 90°, measured with the prototype and with an isokinetic dynamometer (ICC2,1, validity study) and measured with the prototype in test and retest sessions, scheduled from 48 h to 72 h apart (ICC1,1, reliability study). RESULTS: In the validity analysis, the prototype showed good agreement for measurements at 30° (ICC2,1 = .75, SEM = 18.2 Nm) and excellent agreement for measurements at 60° (ICC2,1 = .93, SEM = 9.6 Nm) and at 90° (ICC2,1 = .94, SEM = 8.9 Nm). Regarding the reliability analysis, between-days' ICC1,1 were good to excellent, ranging from .88 to .93. Standard error of measurement and minimal detectable difference based on test-retest ranged from 11.7 Nm to 18.1 Nm and 32.5 Nm to 50.1 Nm, respectively, for the 3 analyzed knee angles. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of validity and repeatability of the prototype for measuring isometric muscle strength has shown to be good or excellent, depending on the knee joint angle analyzed. The new instrument, which presents a relative low cost and easiness of transportation when compared with an isokinetic dynamometer, is valid and provides consistent data concerning isometric strength of knee extensors and, for this reason, can be used for practical, clinical, and research purposes.
Assuntos
Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Joelho/fisiologia , Dinamômetro de Força Muscular , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
O estudo propõe um procedimento para coletas de dados da virada no nado livre (número de execuções). Onze nadadores executaram 8 viradas cada um. Analisou-se as variáveis Pico de Força normalizado (PFn), Tempo de Contato (TC), Impulso (Imp) e Tempo de Virada em 10 metros (TV10m). A estabilidade visual quanto ao número de execuções foi verificada pelo cálculo do coeficiente de variação acumulado que apresentou curvas com variações discretas. Foi verificado se ocorria diferença entre as médias acumuladas usando a análise de variância (ANOVA) entre os diferentes agrupamentos. Não houve diferenças significativas. Para confirmar o número mínimo de repetições, confrontou-se os dados pelo teste de U de Mann-Whitney. Não houve diferenças significativas. Observou-se que três execuções válidas são o suficiente para avaliar o desempenho na virada.
The aim of this study was to develop a procedure of data collection on freestyle swimming turn (number of repetition). Eleven swimmers executed 8 turns each one. The measured variables were Normalized Peak Force (PFn), Contact Time (TC), Impulse (Imp) and Turn Time in 10 meters (TV10m). The visual stability as for the number of executions was checked through the calculation of the accumulate coefficient of variation that presents small variations curves. No significant differences were found between the accumulate averages using ANOVA between the different groupings and also for the confirmation of the least number of repetitions, it chose in confronting the data, through the Mann-Whitney U test carried out between the variables. Was found that three valid executions are enough to evaluate the performance in front freestyle turn.
El estudio propone un procedimiento para colectas de datos del volteo en el nado libre (número de ejecuciones). Once nadadores ejecutaron 8 volteos cada uno. Se analizo las variables de Pico de Fuerza normalizado (PFn), Tiempo de Contacto (TC), Impulso (Imp) e Tiempo de Viragem en 10 metros (TV10m). La estabilidad visual cuanto al número de ejecuciones fue verificad por el cálculo del coeficiente de variable acumulado que presento curvas con variaciones discretas. Fue verificado si ocurrían diferencias entre las medidas acumuladas usando el análisis de variabilidad (ANOVA) entre los diferentes agrupamientos. No hubo diferencias significativas. Para confirmar el número mínimo de repeticiones se compararon los datos de U de Mann-Whitney. No hubo diferencias significativas. Se observo que tres ejecuciones válidas son suficientes para evaluar el desempeño en el volteo.