Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis on thermophysical properties of magnetohydrodynamics flow with radiation in an arc-shaped enclosure with a rotating cylinder.

The objective of this research is to examine the thermophysical features of magnetic parameter (Ha) and time step (τ) in a lid-driven cavity using a water-based Al2O3 nanofluid and the efficacy of ANN models in accurately predicting the average heat transfer rate. The Galerkin weighted residual approach is used to solve a set of dimensionless nonlinear governing equations. The Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation technique is used for training ANN using sparse simulated data. The findings of the investigation about the flow and thermal fields are shown. Furthermore, a comparative study and prediction have been conducted on the impact of manipulating factors on the average Nusselt number derived from the numerical heat transfer analysis. The findings of the research indicate that, in the absence of magnetohydrodynamics, a rise in the Hartmann number resulted in a drop in both the fluid velocity profile and magnitude. Conversely, it was observed that the temperature and Nusselt number exhibited an increase under these conditions. The mean temperature of the fluid rises as the Hartmann number drops, reaching a peak value of 0.114 when Ha = 0. The scenario where Ha = 0, representing the lack of magnetohydrodynamics, shows the highest average Nusselt number, whereas the instance with Ha = 45 presents the lowest Nusselt number. The ANN model has a high level of accuracy, as seen by an MSE value of 0.00069 and a MAE value of 0.0175, resulting in a 99% accuracy rate.

Modification of structural, morphological, and dielectric properties of barium calcium titanate ceramics with yttrium addition.

Barium calcium titanate (BCT) ceramics with varying yttrium doping concentrations were fabricated using the solid-state compaction process to explore the attributes of dopants. (Ba0.75Ca0.25) TiO3 and (Ba0.75Ca0.25) (YyTi(1-y)) O3 where, y = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 ceramics were synthesized by pressing isostatically in pellet press apparatus, then sintered at 1250 °C with consequent cooling in furnace ambient. The structural, morphological, and dielectric properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impedance spectroscopy interpretations, respectively. The XRD analysis revealed that the cubic BCT lattice was transformed into a tetragonal structure with Yttrium doping. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) disclosed that yttrium doping countered the liquid phase formation of BCT as well as influenced grain development and microstructure, leading to the formation of distinct grain boundaries and improved densification. The average grain size (18-29 nm) of the Y-BCT increases as the doping level rises. At 60 Hz, it was reported that the dielectric constant obtained a maximum value of 70000 with a resistivity of 5 × 108 Ώ-cm for y = 0.15. The manifestation of the secondary phase confirmed from XRD, allocating an easy path for oxygen migration, might be responsible for the rise in oxygen vacancy, higher leakage current, and dielectric loss for y = 0.01. Co-doping of calcium and yttrium in BCT ceramics has modified the basic structure and ameliorated composites' structural stability and dielectric characteristics. The optimized sample, upon demonstrating outstanding efficiency, ought to be employed for specific uses such as energy storage devices and capacitors.

Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome in university students and academic staff in Bangladesh.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of medical conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. While there are numerous studies on the prevalence of MetS in the general adult population worldwide, limited information exists regarding its prevalence among university students and academic staff. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and associated risk factors among Bangladesh university students and academic staff. For this cross-sectional study, 583 participants were randomly selected from university students (n = 281) and academic staff (n = 302) in Bangladesh. The participants' fasting blood samples were collected, and their serum lipid profile levels, fasting blood glucose, and other parameters were measured using standard methods. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III model guidelines. Additionally, a questionnaire was administered to the participants to gather information on socio-demographics, lifestyle risk behaviours, and personal medical history. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors associated with MetS. Overall, the prevalence of MetS was 27.7% in students and 47.7% in staff. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in MetS prevalence between male students (34.8%) and female students (17.2%). In contrast, it was comparatively higher in female staff (52.3%) than in male staff (45.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence of MetS and its components increased with age in student and staff groups. The most common component of MetS was low levels of HDL-C, which affected 78% and 81.4% of the students and staff, respectively. Logistic regression modelling showed that increased age, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low physical activity, and smoking were significantly associated with MetS in students (at least p < 0.05 for all cases). On the other hand, increased age and BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with MetS in academic staff (at least p < 0.05 for all cases). In conclusion, this study indicates a high prevalence of MetS in university students and staff in Bangladesh. Age, BMI, hypertension and dyslipidemia were independently associated with the risk of MetS in both groups. The findings emphasize the importance of interventions for students and staff in academic settings in Bangladesh. It is crucial to implement health promotion activities such as healthy diet and exercise programs more rigorously. Further research with more representative samples is needed to get more clear insights into MetS prevalence in this particular population subgroup for targeted interventions.

Real-Time Obstacle Detection with YOLOv8 in a WSN Using UAV Aerial Photography.

Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have a significant and long-lasting impact on numerous fields that affect all facets of our lives, including governmental, civil, and military applications. WSNs contain sensor nodes linked together via wireless communication links that need to relay data instantly or subsequently. In this paper, we focus on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided data collection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where multiple UAVs collect data from a group of sensors. The UAVs may face some static or moving obstacles (e.g., buildings, trees, static or moving vehicles) in their traveling path while collecting the data. In the proposed system, the UAV starts and ends the data collection tour at the base station, and, while collecting data, it captures images and videos using the UAV aerial camera. After processing the captured aerial images and videos, UAVs are trained using a YOLOv8-based model to detect obstacles in their traveling path. The detection results show that the proposed YOLOv8 model performs better than other baseline algorithms in different scenarios-the F1 score of YOLOv8 is 96% in 200 epochs.

Assessment of heavy metals migrated from food contact plastic packaging: Bangladesh perspective.

Plastic-based food-contact materials are potentially threatening the environment and public health by releasing toxic heavy metals. This study aimed to identify the types of plastic commonly used in Bangladesh as food-contact materials (FCMs) and assess the migration of heavy metals from these FCMs. Plastic types were identified using attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and 25 samples were selected based on the category, including Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS), and Polycarbonate (PC). Distilled water, 3% acetic acid, and 15% ethanol were used as food simulants to assess the overall migration of chemicals at 70 °C for 2 h. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Sb) were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results revealed that the highest overall migration occurred in coffee cups measuring 3.50 ± 0.17 mg/kg (using water simulant) and in yogurt containers with a measurement of 9.17 ± 0.1 mg/kg (using 3% acetic acid). The highest concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, and Sb were found in PP-2 (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PP-2 (0.36 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PC-5 (0.27 ± 0.01 mg/kg), PET-2 (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/kg), and PET-1 (0.09 ± 0.01 mg/kg), respectively. The concentration of heavy metals migrated from the containers is likely to induce a health risk due to bioaccumulation from long-term ingestion of food packaged in them. The findings of this study added knowledge about harmful heavy metals leached from the FCMs in Bangladesh.

Tormentic acid, a triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Chaenomeles speciose, protected indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesion via modulating miR-139 and the CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/PKC/Rho a/MLC pathway.

CONTEXT: Tormentic acid (TA), an effective triterpenoid isolated from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai (Rosaceae) fruits, exerts an effective treatment for gastric damage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of TA on indomethacin (IND) damaged GES-1 cells and rats, and explore potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TA concentrations of 1.563-25 µM were used. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration were performed using MTT, colony formation, wound healing, migration, Hoechst staining assays. SD rats were divided into control, IND, TA (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) + IND groups, once a day for 21 continuous days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, all groups except the control group were given IND (100 mg/kg) by gavage. Gastric juice parameters, gastric ulcer, gastric blood flow (GBF), blood biochemical parameters and cytokine analysis and gastric mucosal histopathology were detected for 2 h and 6 h after IND oral administration. The mRNA and protein expression of miR-139 and the CXCR4/CXCL12/PLC/PKC/Rho A/MLC pathway were analyzed in the IND-damaged GES-1 cells and gastric tissue of rats. RESULTS: TA might ameliorate the gastric mucosal injury by accelerating the IND-damaged GES-1 cell proliferation and migration, ameliorating GBF, ulcer area and pathologic changes, the redox system and cytokine levels, the gastric juice parameters, elevating the gastric pH in IND damaged rats; suppressed miR-139 mRNA expression, elevated CXCR4 and CXCL12 mRNA and protein expression, p-PLC, p-PKC, Rho A, MLCK and p-MLC protein expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: TA may have potential use as a clinical drug candidate for gastric mucosal lesion treatment.

Is women's household decision-making autonomy associated with their higher dietary diversity in Bangladesh? Evidence from nationally representative survey.

In Bangladesh, a low-quality repetitive diet characterized by starchy staple foods is typical, leading to disorders associated with micronutrient deficiencies, particularly among mothers and their children. The purpose of the study was to validate the link between women's decision-making autonomy and higher dietary diversity score. Participants were ever married women aged 15-49 years old with comprehensive dietary information (n = 17,842), selected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2014. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was obtained from a 24-h recall of dietary intake from nine food groups, categorized into lower DDS (DDS ≤ 4) and higher DDS (DDS ≥ 5). Descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted using STATA version 15. Almost all women consumed starchy foods, flesh (83.86%), and fruits (67.30%). Using logistic regression, the odds of achieving dietary diversity score were higher among women who participated in household purchases (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.52-3.83; p = 0.022). Women who had higher and secondary education were 2.72 (95% CI: 1.49-3.02; p = 0.025) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.58-2.18; p = 0.029) times more likely to achieve higher DDS than women having no education, as well as women in the richest quintile (OR 6.49; 95% CI: 4.12-8.5; p = 0.037) compared to women in the lowest quintile. This study highlighted the association of several socioeconomic conditions of ever married women and their dietary diversity score in Bangladesh. Therefore, promoting the women's education status, improving the socioeconomic conditions, and prioritizing their decisions are recommended for the attainment of higher dietary diversity score.

Prevalence of childhood anemia: Potential sociodemographic and dietary factors in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Childhood anemia is a global public health issue. In this study, we assessed the potential sociodemographic and dietary factors associated with the prevalence of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Nigeria. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we collected dietary information and demographic data on 6,338 children with anemia from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys (2018). The association between the occurrence of anemia and the demographic and dietary factors was determined by conducting Chi-squared tests. Additionally, bivariate and multivariate order logit models were constructed and reported as odds ratios. RESULTS: The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the risk of anemia was reduced by 13% and 44% in children aged 13-36 months (OR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.77-0.98; p = 0.019) and 37-59 months (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.49-0.63; p < 0.001), respectively, compared to the risk of anemia in children aged 6-12 months. Anemia was 28% less likely in children of non-anemic mothers (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.66-0.80; p < 0.001) than children of anemic mothers. Children fed pumpkin, carrot, squash, and sweet potato showed a lower occurrence of anemia by 17% (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70-0.99; p = 0.036) compared to those who were not fed these vegetables. Chances of anemia increased by 14% in children who were fed white potatoes, white yams, manioc, cassava, and other root-based foods (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.01-1.29; p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the impact of a plant-based diet on the high prevalence of childhood anemia in Nigeria. Therefore, reformation of dietary habits, the inclusion of nutritional supplements, and food-fortification programs with reductions in maternal anemia are recommended.

Effect of Weight Reduction on Histological Activity and Fibrosis of Lean Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Patient.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Weight reduction has evidenced benefit on attenuation of histological activity and fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but there is scarcity of data for lean NASH subgroup. We have designed this study to compare the effects of weight reduction on histological activity and fibrosis of lean and non-lean NASH. METHODS: We have included 20 lean and 20 non-lean histologically proven NASH patients. BMI < 25 kg/m2 was defined as non-lean. Informed consent was taken from each subject. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Moderate exercise along with dietary restriction was advised for both groups for weight reduction. After 1 year, 16 non-lean and 15 lean had completed second liver biopsy. RESULTS: Age, sex, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltrasferase (GGT), Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was similar in both groups. Steatosis, ballooning, lobular inflammation, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) and fibrosis was similar in the two groups. In lean/non-lean group, any amount of weight reduction, ≥ 5% weight reduction and ≥ 7% weight reduction was found in respectively 8/11, 5/6 and 2/6 patients. In both lean and non-lean groups, weight reduction of any amount was associated with significant reduction of steatosis, ballooning and NAS, except lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In both groups, weight reduction of ≥ 5% was associated with significant reduction in NAS only. However, significant improvement in NAS was noted with ≥ 7% weight reduction in non-lean group only. CONCLUSION: Smaller amount of weight reduction had the good benefit of improvement in all the segments of histological activity in both lean and non-lean NASH.