Impact of Paternal Depression on Child Neurodevelopmental Outcomes and Disorders.

Objective: To explore paternal depression (before, during, and after pregnancy) and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders in children.Data Sources: A systematic, English-language review was conducted in PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, BIOSIS Previews, and SciELO. All relevant literature published from inception to March 31, 2021, was included. The MeSH terms used in the search included paternal behavior, fathers, or father-child relations in the context of depression, postpartum depression, and neurodevelopmental disorders.Data Extraction: The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) tool was used to enhance reporting of the findings. Twenty-six articles were included in the review.Results: Paternal depression during the perinatal period resembles maternal perinatal depression. Early paternal depression has considerable emotional, behavioral, and developmental impacts on their children. Genetic endowment and environmental factors induced by paternal depression-related behaviors may lead to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.Conclusions and Relevance: The findings suggest that paternal depression negatively influences neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring.

Improvement of quantum efficiency through Gd3+ to Eu3+ energy transfer in YF3 phosphor.

This paper reports the energy transfer from Gd3+ to Eu3+ in YF3 and the consequent downconversion luminescence for the YF3 :Gd3+ , Eu3+ fluoride phosphor. The phosphor was synthesized using a soft chemical route, followed by a reactive atmosphere process. Because of the wide band gap in YF3 and the correct energy site for 8 S7/2 -6 GJ transitions of Gd3+ ions, fluoride YF3 doped with Gd3+ -Eu3+ were studied in their vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectral regions. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the structural purity of YF3 . VUV excitation and emission properties were explored using a VUV synchrotron radiation beam line. Downconversion of energy from VUV (157 nm) to visible light with quantum efficiency c. 189% was seen. This YF3 :Gd3+ , Eu3+ phosphor would be an option for mercury-free fluorescence lamps.

Role of 4-hydroxynonenal in chemopreventive activities of sulforaphane.

Chemoprevention of cancer via herbal and dietary supplements is a logical approach to combating cancer and currently it is an attractive area of research investigation. Over the years, isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane (SFN) found in cruciferous vegetables, have been advocated as chemopreventive agents, and their efficacy has been demonstrated in cell lines and animal models. In vivo studies with SFN suggest that in addition to protecting normal healthy cells from environmental carcinogens, it also exhibits cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects against various cancer cell types. Among several mechanisms for the chemopreventive activity of SFN against chemical carcinogenesis, its effect on drug-metabolizing enzymes that cause activation/neutralization of carcinogenic metabolites is well established. Recent studies suggest that SFN exerts its selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated generation of lipid peroxidation products, particularly 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Against the background of the known biochemical effects of SFN on normal and cancer cells, in this article we review the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the overall chemopreventive effects of SFN, focusing on the role of HNE in these mechanisms, which may also contribute to its selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells.