Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based cement in comparison with Bio-C repair and MTA Repair HP materials.

AIM: To evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate-based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4 ) in comparison to Bio-C Repair (Bio-C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus). METHODOLOGY: Polyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated. The data were subjected to generalized linear models for repeated measures, except the OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test and Friedman followed by Nemenyi's test at significance level of 5%. RESULTS: At all time points, significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells were not observed between TCS + CaWO4 and Bio-C, whereas, at 15, 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was detected between TCS + CaWO4 and MTA HP. At all periods, significant differences were not detected in the number of fibroblasts in TCS + CaWO4 versus MTA HP, and, at 60 days, no significant difference was demonstrated between these groups and CG. Significant differences in the immunoexpression of IL-6 were not detected amongst bioceramic materials at all periods. From 7 to 60 days, significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, number of IL-6-immunopositive cells and in the capsule thickness was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen in all groups. OCN-immunolabelled cells, von Kossa-positive structures and amorphous calcite deposits were observed around all materials, whereas, in the CG, these structures were not seen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the experimental material (TCS + CaWO4 ) is biocompatible and has a bioactive potential, similar to the MTA HP and Bio-C Repair, and suggest its use as a root repair material.

Participation of fibroblast growth factor-1 and interleukin-10 in connective tissue repair following subcutaneous implantation of bioceramic materials in rats.

AIM: To evaluate whether the bioceramic materials Bio-C Pulpo (Bio-C, Angelus) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Repair HP (MTA-HP, Angelus) induce fibroblast proliferation and release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, stimulating connective tissue remodelling. The tissue response of Bio-C and MTA-HP was compared with the White MTA (WMTA; Angelus) since studies have demonstrated that WMTA induces tissue repair. METHODOLOGY: Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA were inserted into polyethylene tubes and implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of Holtzman rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. As a control group (CG), empty tubes were implanted subcutaneously. The number of fibroblasts (FB), Ki-67-, fibroblast growth factor-1- (FGF-1) and IL-10-immunolabelled cells and collagen content in the capsules was obtained. The data were subjected to two-way anova followed by Tukey's test (p ≤ .05). RESULTS: At 7 days, significant differences in the number of FB were not detected amongst Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA groups (p Ëƒ .05). The capsules of all groups exhibited a significant increase in the number of FB and content of collagen over time. From 7 to 60 days, a significant reduction in the number of FGF-1- and Ki-67-immunolabelled cells was seen in the capsules of all specimens. In all periods, no significant difference in the number of FGF-1-immunolabelled cells was detected between Bio-C and CG specimens. At 60 days, significant differences in the immunoexpression of FGF-1 were not observed amongst the groups. At 7 and 15 days, the highest immunoexpression for Ki-67 was present in Bio-C specimens whilst, after 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed amongst the bioceramic materials. At 7 days, few IL-10 immunolabelled cells were present in the capsules of all specimens whereas, at 60 days, a significant increase in the IL-10-immunostaining was present in all groups. At 60 days, the Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA groups showed a greater number of IL-10-immunolabelled cells than in the CG specimens (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA stimulate fibroblast proliferation, leading to the formation of collagen-rich capsules. FGF-1 and IL-10 may mediate the remodelling of capsules around Bio-C, MTA-HP and WMTA bioceramic materials.