Expression of E-cadherin in Hyperplastic Endometrium: A Retrospective Analysis.

Aim Epithelial cadherin or E-cadherin is a cell adhesion molecule that is present in all cells to promote integrity and survival of the cells. The aim of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical staining pattern of E-cadherin in hyperplastic endometrium. Methods A total of 25 blocks of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of endometrial biopsies, from September 2020 to May 2023, were obtained from the Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College. Out of these 25 histologically proven cases of endometrial hyperplasia (EH), 17 cases were of EH without atypia and 8 cases were of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia (AH, or atypical hyperplasia). Results The immunohistochemical examination revealed that E-cadherin expression was downregulated in both EH without atypia and AH. But the downregulation was more pronounced in cases of AH than in EH without atypia. This was confirmed by the comparison of E-cadherin expression between EH with and without atypia by a chi-square test, which showed a p-value of 0.05 and was proven significant. Conclusion The heterogeneous expression of E-cadherin can be attributed to the impairment of cadherin-catenin complex. This impairment is seen in AH as well as EH without atypia. This shows this impairment occurs very early in the transformation process of the endometrium from hyperplastic to neoplastic.

An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Adolescent Male.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare occurrence in adolescents, especially in those without underlying liver diseases. We present the case of a 16-year-old male, having no significant relevant previous medical history, who presented with signs and symptoms of an abdominal mass and hepatic dysfunction. Diagnostic investigations unveiled a startling finding of HCC, challenging the conventional understanding of this malignancy's epidemiology and etiology in young individuals. This example emphasizes the significance of taking HCC into account even in young, healthy individuals who present with unusual symptoms, leading to a comprehensive diagnostic examination and treatment plans customized to meet the specific requirements of patients in their adolescent years. HCC is thought to be more likely to develop in young patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis. The patient in this case study is a young 16-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with HCC.

A Unique Presentation of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma: Diagnosis Behind the Deceiving Dry Tap.

Numerous neoplastic, viral, hematological, or metabolic conditions that affect the bone marrow might result in secondary myelofibrosis. The bone marrow aspirate results in a dry tap and bone marrow biopsy reveals significant fibrosis replacing the normal hematopoietic cells. This is an intriguing example where a bone marrow aspirate showed a dry tap, and subsequent examination revealed a peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). PTCLs are an aggressive group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They often present as peripheral lymphadenopathy. The unique presentation of this case is explored in this article.