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1.
Int J Cosmet Sci ; 43(4): 391-404, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33848378

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the dermal bioavailability and antioxidative properties of a sunscreen formulation containing two antioxidants, oxothiazolidine (OTZ) and δ-tocopheryl glucoside (DTG). OTZ reacts directly with reactive oxygen species to form taurine, while DTG is metabolized in δ-tocopherol to achieve antioxidative activities. METHODS: After topical application to a hair follicle-derived reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model, followed by solar-simulated radiation, kinetics of bioavailability and antioxidative responses were measured over 24 h. Markers for oxidative stress were malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. RESULTS: The two antioxidants had different bioavailability profiles: OTZ was rapidly and extensively absorbed, whereas DTG was slowly absorbed and converted to δ-tocopherol. Compared to OTZ alone, the protection against effects on MDA levels and SOD and catalase activities was higher when DTG was used alone or in combination with OTZ. When used in combination, the degree of protection increased over time and remained constant over 24 h with maximal protection 2 h post-irradiation. DTG slowly penetrated into the skin and was present in the skin at all post-irradiation timepoints, thus allowing a slow but constant supply of δ-tocopherol over at least 24 h. By contrast, the oxidative protection by OTZ was immediate but short-lived due to its rapid penetration through the RHE and into the receptor fluid. CONCLUSION: These results indicate a complementary sunlight protective action of OTZ and DTG with an immediate delivery of OTZ just after topical application of the formulation, and a prolonged skin delivery of δ-tocopherol from the slower penetration and metabolism of DTG.


OBJECTIF: Nous avons étudié la cinétique de pénétration cutanée et les propriétés antioxydantes d'une formulation solaire contenant deux antioxydants, l'oxothiazolidine (OTZ) et le δ-tocophéryl glucoside (DTG). L'OTZ se transforme directement en taurine en présence de stress oxydant sans l'action des enzymes cutanées, tandis que le DTG est métabolisé par les enzymes cutanées pour libérer le δ-tocophérol qui est la molécule ayant les propriétés antioxydantes. MÉTHODES: Après application topique sur un modèle d'épiderme humain reconstruit dérivé de follicules pileux (RHE), suivi d'une irradiation solaire, la cinétique de biodisponibilité et les réponses antioxydantes de ces deux composés ont été mesurées sur 24 h. Les marqueurs du stress oxydatif étaient la production de malondialdéhyde (MDA), l'activité de la superoxyde dismutase (SOD) et de la catalase. RÉSULTATS: Les deux antioxydants ont des profils de biodisponibilité différents. L'OTZ pénètre rapidement dans la peau, tandis que le DTG pénètre lentement et est biotransformé par les enzymes cutanés pour libérer le δ-tocophérol. Par rapport à l'OTZ seul, la protection oxydante sur les niveaux de MDA et les activités SOD et catalase était plus élevée lorsque le DTG était utilisé seul ou en association avec OTZ. Lorsqu'il est utilisé en combinaison, le degré de protection augmente au cours du temps et atteint son maximum 2h post-irradiation et reste constant durant 24 h. Le DTG pénètre lentement dans la peau et est présent dans la peau durant 24h post-irradiation, permettant ainsi un apport lent mais constant de δ-tocophérol. En revanche, la protection oxydante via l'OTZ est immédiate mais de courte durée en raison de sa pénétration rapide à travers le RHE. CONCLUSION: Ces résultats indiquent une action de protection solaire complémentaire de l'OTZ et du DTG avec une absorption immédiate d'OTZ juste après l'application topique de la formulation, et une libération cutanée prolongée de δ-tocophérol grâce à la pénétration et la métabolisation plus lentes du DTG.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Emulsões , Protetores Solares/farmacologia , Tiazolidinas/farmacologia , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Catalase/metabolismo , Humanos , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Protetores Solares/farmacocinética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Tiazolidinas/química , Tiazolidinas/farmacocinética , alfa-Tocoferol/química , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacocinética
2.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol ; 30(2): 55-65, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28278501

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Information is lacking on the dermal penetration of topically applied formulations on in vitro skin models, under conditions where the stratum corneum (SC) is damaged. Therefore, we have developed a standardized in vitro barrier-disrupted skin model using tape stripping. METHODS: Different tape stripping conditions were evaluated using histology, transepidermal water loss, infrared densitometry, and caffeine absorption. RESULTS: The effects of tape stripping were comparable using pig and human skin. Optimized conditions were used to test the effect of SC damage and UV irradiation on the absorption of an UV filter combination present in a sunscreen. The bioavailability of the filters was extremely low regardless of the extent of skin damage, suggesting bioavailability would not be increased if the consumer applied the sunscreen to sun-damaged skin. CONCLUSION: This standardized in vitro methodology using pig or human skin for damaged skin will add valuable information for the safety assessment of topically applied products.


Assuntos
Modelos Biológicos , Absorção Cutânea , Pele/patologia , Protetores Solares/farmacocinética , Administração Cutânea , Adulto , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cafeína/farmacocinética , Química Farmacêutica , Densitometria , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Especificidade da Espécie , Protetores Solares/administração & dosagem , Suínos , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Perda Insensível de Água
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