Treatment adherence and level of control in moderate persistent asthma in children and adolescents treated with fluticasone and salmeterol / Adesão ao tratamento e nível de controle da asma persistente moderada em crianças e adolescentes tratados com fluticasona e salmeterol

Abstract Objective: There is a scarcity of studies that assessed the association between adherence to combination therapy and asthma control in pediatric patients. The authors investigated the association between adherence to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate combination-metered aerosol and the level of asthma control in children. Methods: This was a prospective observational study of 84 patients aged 5-16 years with moderate persistent asthma, who remained uncontrolled despite the use of 1000 µg/day of inhaled nonextrafine-hydrofluoric alkane-beclomethasone dipropionate in the three months prior to study enrollment. Participants were prescribed two daily doses of FP (125 µg)/salmeterol xinafoate (25 µg) combination by metered aerosol/spacer for six months. Adherence rates were assessed using the device's dose counter after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th months of follow up. Asthma control was assessed using a simplified Global Initiative for Asthma 2014 Report classification. Results: Mean adherence rates after the second, fourth, and sixth months were 87.8%, 74.9%, and 62.1% respectively, for controlled asthma, and 71.7%, 56.0%, and 47.6% respectively, for uncontrolled asthma (all p-values ≤ 0.03). The proportion of children achieving asthma control increased to 42.9%, 67.9% and 89.3% after the 2nd, 4th and 6th months of follow-up, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Adherence rates between 87.8% in the 2nd month and 62.1% in the 6th month were strong determinants of asthma control.

Resumo Objetivo: São escassos os estudos que avaliaram a relação entre a taxa de adesão à combinação de proprionato de fluticasona/xinafoato de salmeterol e o nível de controle da asma na infância. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar essa relação. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo observacional com 84 participantes, de 5 a 16 anos, todos eles com asma persistente moderada que permaneceram não controlados apesar do uso de 1.000 µg/dia de dipropionato de beclometasona em partículas não extrafinas nos três meses que antecederam a admissão no estudo. Os participantes receberam prescrição de 125 µg de propionato de fluticasona e 25 µg xinafoato de salmeterol através de inalador pressurizado, duas vezes ao dia, e foram avaliados após o 2°, 4° e 6° meses de tratamento. A taxa de adesão foi obtida por meio do contador analógico de doses incorporado ao inalador. A classificação do nível de controle da asma foi baseada numa simplificação das recomendações da Global Initiative for Asthma. Resultados: As taxas de adesão aos 2, 4 e 6 meses para a asma controlada foram 87,8%, 74,9% e 62,1% e para a asma não controlada de 71,7%, 56,0% e 47,6% (p ≤ 0,03), respectivamente. A proporção de pacientes com asma controlada elevou- se para 42,9%, 67,9% e 89,3% nas três avaliações subsequentes (p ≤ 0,001). Conclusões: Taxas de adesão entre 87,8% no 2° mês e de 62,1% no 6° mês foram determinantes para o nível de controle da asma.

Treatment adherence and level of control in moderate persistent asthma in children and adolescents treated with fluticasone and salmeterol.

OBJECTIVE: There is a scarcity of studies that assessed the association between adherence to combination therapy and asthma control in pediatric patients. The authors investigated the association between adherence to fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate combination-metered aerosol and the level of asthma control in children. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 84 patients aged 5-16 years with moderate persistent asthma, who remained uncontrolled despite the use of 1000µg/day of inhaled nonextrafine-hydrofluoric alkane-beclomethasone dipropionate in the three months prior to study enrollment. Participants were prescribed two daily doses of FP (125µg)/salmeterol xinafoate (25µg) combination by metered aerosol/spacer for six months. Adherence rates were assessed using the device's dose counter after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th months of follow up. Asthma control was assessed using a simplified Global Initiative for Asthma 2014 Report classification. RESULTS: Mean adherence rates after the second, fourth, and sixth months were 87.8%, 74.9%, and 62.1% respectively, for controlled asthma, and 71.7%, 56.0%, and 47.6% respectively, for uncontrolled asthma (all p-values≤0.03). The proportion of children achieving asthma control increased to 42.9%, 67.9% and 89.3% after the 2nd, 4th and 6th months of follow-up, respectively (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION: Adherence rates between 87.8% in the 2nd month and 62.1% in the 6th month were strong determinants of asthma control.

Adherence rate to beclomethasone dipropionate and the level of asthma control.

There are only a few studies assessing the relationship between adherence rate to ICS, as assessed by electronic monitoring, and the level of asthma control in childhood. The present study was carried out to examine the relationship between adherence to beclomethasone diproprionate (BDP) as well as other factors related to poor asthma control. In this prospective cohort study, 102 steroid naïve randomly selected subjects with persistent asthma, aged 5-14 years were prescribed 500-750 µg daily of BDP-CFC and followed during one year. Adherence to BDP was measured electronically in the 4th, 8th and 12th months of study. The level of asthma control was classified as either controlled or uncontrolled instead of the current three categories recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Mean adherence rate was higher in patients with controlled asthma during follow-up, but went down from 60.4% in the 4th month to 49.8% in the 12th month (p = 0.038). Conversely, among patients with uncontrolled asthma, the mean adherence rate decreased from 43.8% to 31.2% (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the level of asthma control was independently associated to the adherence rate in all follow-up visits (p-values equal or lower than 0.005). The level of asthma control was directly proportional to adherence rate. Our results suggest that a BDP daily dose by 300 µg seems to be enough to attain control over mild and moderate persistent asthma, including exercise induced asthma.

Oxido nítrico em criança com asma persistente / Nitric oxide in children with persistent asthma

OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferenças nos valores da fração exalada de óxido nítrico (FeNO) em asmáticos atópicos e não-atópicos em uso de tratamento antiinflamatório e comparar a FeNO com a função pulmonar MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 45 asmáticos persistentes moderados e graves, de 6 a 17 anos, selecionados consecutivamente, em uso de medicação antiinflamatória há pelo menos 1 ano. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: atópicos, isto é, com testes cutâneos positivos, e não-atópicos. As avaliações clínico-funcionais e a mensuração da FeNO foram realizadas concomitantemente. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (62,5 por cento),sendo que cerca de 85 por cento pertenciam à faixa etária de 6 até 13 anos (média, 10,4 anos). Não foi encontrada, nos dois grupos, significância estatística para a presença de sintomas associados à asma (p = 0,07), rinite alérgica (p = 0,17), alergia alimentar (p = 0,09), necessidade de corticóide sistêmico (p = 0,10), antileucotrieno (p = 0,20) e anti-histamínico (p = 0,70), nem para os três parâmetros usados para avaliar a função pulmonar (VEF1, VEF1/CVF e FEF25-75 por cento, p > 0,14). A freqüência de eczema (p < 0,005) e a FeNO (p < 0,001) foram mais elevadas entre os atópicos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que, entre atópicos, a estabilidade clínica e funcional da asma não reflete, necessariamente, o efetivo controle do processo inflamatório, e que haja, talvez, maior chance de recidiva após a suspensão da medicação anti-inflamatória.

Nitric oxide in children with persistent asthma.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the difference in exhaled nitric oxide levels in atopic and nonatopic asthmatic patients treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, and to compare exhaled nitric oxide measurement with lung function tests. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 45 consecutively selected patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma, aged between 6 and 17 years, and treated with anti-inflammatory drugs for at least 1 year. The patients were split into two groups: atopic ones (with positive skin tests) and nonatopic ones. The clinical and functional assessments and the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide were carried out concomitantly. RESULTS: There was a male predominance (62.5%), with an age range between 6 and 13 years (mean of 10.4 years) in 85% of the patients. Neither the symptoms associated with asthma (p = 0.07), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.17), food allergy (p = 0.09), necessity of systemic corticosteroids (p = 0.10), antileukotrienes (p = 0.20) and antihistamines (p = 0.70), nor the three parameters used to assess lung function (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC and FEF(25-75%), p > or = 0.14) were statistically significant. The frequency of eczema (p < 0.005) and exhaled nitric oxide levels (p < 0.001) were higher among atopic patients. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that clinical and functional stability of asthma among atopic patients does not necessarily reflect an efficient control over the inflammatory process and a higher probability for recurrence after discontinuation of anti-inflammatory therapy.

Adesão às medidas de controle ambiental na asma / Compliance to allergen avoidance procedures in asthma

Objetivo: Alérgenos domiciliares representam um importante fator causal na asma, principalmente poeira domiciliar, mofo, pêlos e penas de animais, irritantes e produtos químicos. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão dos artigos sobre a adesão às medidas de controle ambiental na asma. Métodos: A revisão foi feita por levantamento bibliográfico de banco de dados obtidos através de pesquisa direta, LILACS, MEDLINE e capítulos de livros Resultados: A adesão variou de 17 a 42 per cent em trabalhos nacionais e internacionais. Não obstante os resultados controversos sobre a eficácia do controle ambiental, há uma dissociação entre o que os estudos e a literatura preconizam e a realidade encontrada. Apesar disso, medidas de controle ambiental devem ser adotadas sempre que possível, até mesmo diante dos resultados ainda conflitantes quanto à sua eficácia, porque, de modo geral podem melhorar as manifestações clínicas e reduzir a necessidade de tratamento farmacológico. Conclusão: O controle ambiental nem sempre é realizado e pode ser influenciado por fatores socioeconômicos e culturais.