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OBJECTIVE: To explore the surgical methods and clinical effect of endoscopic endonasal approaches for the treatment of invasive pituitary adenomas (IPAs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of the clinical data of 74 patients (75 procedures) with IPAs treated by different endoscopic endonasal approaches at the Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University from May 2014 to August 2017. The data include clinical manifestation, imaging features, surgical methods and complications, resection rate, cure rate, prognosis, and complications in different Knosp classifications and Hardy stages. The transcavernous approach was used in 47 patients, the lateral-cavernous approach was used in 14 patients, the tuberculum sella planum approach was used in 8 patients, and the diaphragma sellae open or dorsum sellae cut approach was used in 6 patients. RESULTS: The gross total resection (GTR) rate was 70.7% (53 patients) and tumor residue rate was 29.3% (22 patients). GTR rate for pituitary adenoma according to Knosp classification was 89.3% in grade 3 and 28.6% in grade 4. The biology cure rate was 75.0% and 23.8%, respectively. There was significance between them (P < 0.05). In addition, the GTR rate of Hardy stage was 90.5% in stage C, 90.0% in stage D, 26.1% in stage E, and the biology cure rate was 80.1%, 75.0%, and 13.0%, respectively. There was significance among them (P < 0.05) Postoperative severe complications included 9 patients (12.0%) with cerebrospinal fluid leaks, 26 patients (34.7%)with electrolyte imbalance, 36 patients (48.0%) with transient diabetes insipidus, 22 patients (29.3%) with hypopituitarism, 2 patients (2.7%) with permanent hypopituitarism, and 2 patients (2.7%)with epistaxis. The follow-up lasted 2-41 months (average, 19.3 months). No patient experienced recurrence after GTR, 1 patient undergoing subtotal experienced recurrence and underwent reoperation, 3 patients underwent postoperative Gamma Knife treatment, and 2 patients with refractory IPA were given temozolomide and metformin chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: According to the invasiveness of IPA, choosing the appropriate endoscopic surgical approach is helpful in removing tumors and reducing complications.
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BACKGROUND: To compare the clinical outcomes and complications of 247 pituitary tumor patients managed by endoscopic and microscopic approaches in our hospital. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 100 pituitary tumor patients treated by endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) and 147 patients treated by microscopic transsphenoidal surgery (MTS) at our center from January 2007 to July 2014. The tumors were stratified by Knosp classification and modified Hardy classification, and tumor gross total resection (GTR)/remission rate, visual improvement rate, complications, operation time, intraoperative bleeding and length of hospital stay were compared between ETS and MTS. RESULTS: The GTR rate decreased with increasing Knosp grades for both ETS and MTS, with the rates of 93.3%, 87.5%, 71.4%, 58.8% for ETS and 82.8%, 92.0%, 70.7%, 36.0% for MTS in resecting Knosp grades 0, I, II, and III tumors, respectively. The visual improvement rates increased with increasing Hardy grades, which was 66.7% and 45.5% for Hardy grade B lesion, 72.2% and 71.4% for grade C lesion, and 88.9% and 78.9% for grade D lesion treated by ETS and MTS, respectively. No significant differences were observed for GTR rate, visual outcome and complication rate between ETS and MTS, while ETS resulted in more intraoperative blood loss, longer operative time, and shorter hospital stay than MTS. CONCLUSIONS: These data conclude that, compared with MTS, ETS needs longer operation time and results in more intraoperative blood loss, but appears to achieve higher GTR rate for Knosp grade III pituitary tumors.