Risk factors of nocturia (two or more voids per night) in Chinese people older than 40 years.

AIMS: To explore the risk factors of nocturia in Chinese inhabitants aged ≥40 years. METHODS: A randomized, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed on 10,160 inhabitants ≥40 years old in mainland China, via a stratified sampling approach. A questionnaire, including socio-demographics, lifestyle factors and medical history, was completed. Nocturia was defined as a threshold of two or more voids per night. Differences in prevalence between age and gender groups were ascertained by the chi-squared test. Gender-related factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Data on 9,637 (94.9%) people aged 59.6 ± 9.7 years qualified for final statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of nocturia was 31.7% (3,053/9,637), and this increased with age (P < 0.001). Nocturia was significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) (P < 0.05), while sporting activities were protective (P < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly correlated with nocturia in men (P < 0.05), whereas hypertension was correlated with nocturia in women (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between nocturia and education level, occupation, civil status, tea consumption, body mass index (BMI), female birth history, and International Prostate Symptom Score. CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese people aged ≥40 years, nocturia is associated with aging, OABSS, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and DM. Sporting activities are negatively associated with nocturia.

Free voiding patterns in preterm and full-term newborn infants are different between males and females.

AIM: The neonatal period is critical in bladder development, encompassing the transition from foetal bladder contractions to voluntary infant urination. The aim of this study was to investigate different voiding parameters between male and female newborn infants. METHODS: We studied 102 healthy, single birth newborn infants - 54 preterm and 48 full-term - without lower urinary tract diseases, hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit from March 2011 to March 2012. Free voiding was observed from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., and the free voiding parameters and fluid intake were recorded and compared between male and female newborn infants using the Student's t-test and chi-square test. RESULTS: Male preterm newborns demonstrated larger mean postvoid residual volumes and lower bladder emptying rates than female preterm newborns (p < 0.05), and male full-term newborns had lower bladder emptying rates than female full-term newborns (p < 0.05). The bladder emptying rates of newborns defecating simultaneously with voiding were not statistically different between males and females of the same gestational age (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Male newborns were more likely to have larger postvoid residual volumes than females, and defecating simultaneously with voiding may promote bladder emptying in male newborns.