The role of service quality and perceived behavioral control in shared electric bicycle in China: Does residual effects of past behavior matters?

With the climate change problems being strongly emphasized by the international communities, sharing electric bicycle is promoted to reduce air pollution in China. However, the consumer attitude, intention, and behavior on the electric bicycle is not well verified. We thus propose a theoretical framework that hypothesizes service quality, attitude, subject norm, perceived behavioral control, and residual effects of past behavior on the intention and behavior toward the shared electric bicycles. An online survey was conducted with 503 users of the bicycles in China at year 2018, and the data were analyzed with the partial least sequenced structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We find that shared electric bicycle's service quality has a positive effect on attitude toward shared electric bicycle and behavior intention, which, in turn, influence low-carbon commuting of shared electric bicycle's behavior. However, the residual effects of past behavior has no effect on further behavior of shared electric bicycles. Moreover, we also find that perceived behavioral control positively affect shared electric bicycle' intention and positively moderate the relationship between attitude and behavioral intention. Based on our findings, we discuss the policy implications and further studies.

Core-shell nanotherapeutics with leukocyte membrane camouflage for biomedical applications.

Core-shell nanoparticles have grown in popularity in the past few years due to their versatile features and multiple biomedical applications as drug delivery systems. In order to improve bioavailability and reduce adverse effects, the biomimetic concept has been integrated into core-shell architectural designs. In this regard, the 'camouflage' shell comprised of various cellular membranes renders these nanoparticles a multifunctional platform that combines the merits of native cellular membranes with the advantages of biomaterials. Since leukocytes have a specific tropism for inflammatory or tumour sites and can infiltrate into these lesions, the marriage of leukocyte cell membrane shell with functional nanoparticle core is expected to achieve long time circulation, targeted delivery and improved ability of overcoming certain physiological barriers. In this review, we focus mainly on the recent development of nanoparticles cloaked with the leukocyte membrane and their applications in different biomedical fields of interest, including cancer therapy, inflammatory regulation and immune modulation. Additionally, current challenges and future prospects of leukocyte membrane coated core-shell nanoparticles are also briefly discussed.