Cancer-Related Fatigue and Its Influencing Factors Among Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Generalized Linear Modeling Approach.

Purpose: This study aimed to improve cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and health outcomes of colorectal cancer patients by understanding the status quo of CRF, exploring the relations of coping, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, body image perception and CRF, and also identifying the factors affecting CRF based on a generalized linear modeling approach. Patients and Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 colorectal cancer patients at two hospitals in Anhui Province, China, from July 2020 to February 2021. The data were collected by using general information questionnaire, cancer fatigue scale, simplified coping style questionnaire, generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, patient health questionnaire-9, and body image scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analyses, and generalized linear model analyses were applied to analyze the data. Results: The average CRF score of the patients was 21.612 (SD=6.160), with a prevalence rate of 69.4% for clinically relevant fatigue. The generalized linear model revealed that: In step 1, gender (female) (B=1.799, Waldχ2=7.506, p=0.006), per capita monthly income (1001-3000 RMB) (B=-1.673, Waldχ2=5.536, p=0.019) and treatment modalities (chemotherapy+others) (B=2.425, Waldχ2=8.211, p=0.004) were related to CRF. In step 2, depressive symptoms (B=1.223, Waldχ2=129.019, p<0.001) and negative coping strategies (B=0.215, Waldχ2=11.347, p=0.001) exhibited significant positive correlations with CRF, positive coping strategies (B=-0.319, Waldχ2=59.175, p<0.001) showed significant negative correlations with CRF; While anxiety symptoms (B=0.162, Waldχ2=1.840, p=0.175) and body image perception (B=0.013, Waldχ2=0.048, p=0.826) had no correlations with CRF. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRF was relatively high among colorectal cancer patients. Coping and depressive symptoms were the modifiable influencing factors of CRF. Tailored interventions dedicated to promoting positive coping behavior, diminishing negative coping behavior and reducing depressive symptoms may improve the CRF of patients with colorectal cancer. Healthcare providers working with these patients should receive corresponding education and training in these complementary treatments. Additionally, when developing non-pharmacological interventions, appropriate consideration of the patients' gender, income condition and the type of anticancer treatment is also necessary.

Correlation between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus in different geographical regions: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The association between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been explored in diverse populations across different geographical regions. Yet, most of these studies have been confined to a limited number of loci, resulting in inconsistent findings. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive review of published literature to identify studies examining the relationship between TCF7L2 and CAPN10 gene polymorphisms and the incidence of GDM in various populations. We specifically focused on five loci that were extensively reported in a large number of publications and performed a meta-analysis. METHODS: We prioritized the selection of SNPs with well-documented correlations established in existing literature on GDM. We searched eight Chinese and English databases: Cochrane, Elton B. Stephens. Company (EBSCO), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database and retrieved all relevant articles published between the inception of the database and July 2022. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the selected articles, and the odds ratio (OR) was used as the combined effect size index to determine the association between genotypes, alleles, and GDM using different genetic models. Heterogeneity between the studies was quantified and the I2 value calculated. Due to large heterogeneities between different ethnic groups, subgroup analysis was used to explore the correlation between genetic polymorphisms and the incidence of GDM in the different populations. The stability of the results was assessed using sensitivity analysis. Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 39 articles reporting data on 8,795 cases and 16,290 controls were included in the analysis. The frequency of the rs7901695 genotype was statistically significant between cases and controls in the European population (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65-0.86) and the American population (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.48-0.77). The frequencies of rs12255372, rs7901695, rs290487, and rs2975760 alleles were also considerably different between the cases and controls in the populations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: rs7903146, rs12255372, rs7901695, rs290487, and rs2975760 were associated with the incidence of GDM in different populations.

Dual chemodynamic/photothermal therapeutic nanoplatform based on DNA-functionalized prussian blue.

The combination of chemodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy has a promising application owing to its impressive anti-cancer effects. However, the degradability of the material and the lack of targeting severely limit its further clinical application. Herein, DNAs containing nucleolin aptamer (AS1411) and different bases sequences were used to functionalize PB NPs for the targeted treatment. Compared to prussian blue, DNA-functionalized prussian blue does not reduce the photothermal properties of prussian blue. Moreover, DNA confers DNA-functionalized prussian blue targeting and higher enzymatic activity, thereby achieving a more effective combination of chemodynamic and photothermal treatment. The therapeutic efficacy of this nanoplatform was evaluated in vivo and in vitro experiments, exhibiting that DNA-functionalized prussian blue nanozyme can maximize the precise control of the therapeutic effect, reduce the toxic and side effects caused by non-specific accumulation on other normal cells, and effectively achieve targeted killing of cancer cells. This work demonstrates that DNA-functionalized prussian blue can improve the efficiency of combined tumor treatment and enhance the application value of prussian blue in tumor treatment, which is expected to provide theoretical support for clinical application.

Research hotspots and theme trends in post-traumatic growth: A co-word analysis based on keywords.

Objectives: To analyze and summarize the research hotspots and advancement of post-traumatic growth (PTG) over the past 15 years based on co-word analysis of keywords, and provide references for PTG-related research and clinical intervention. Methods: All studies related to PTG were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science (WOS) from January 2013 to July 2022. A total of 11 Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords were used to identify qualified studies. Bibliographic Item Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB; version 2.0) was used to conduct high-frequency keywords extraction and matrix setup, Graphical Clustering Toolkit (gCLUTO; version 1.0) was employed to perform clustering analysis, and SPSS (version 25.0) was used to carry out strategic diagram analysis. Results: A total of 2,370 publications were selected, from which 38 high-frequency keywords were extracted. The results revealed six research hotspots on PTG during the period from 2013 to 2022, including research on i) emotional reactions after negative life events, ii) PTG among cancer survivors, iii) rumination and resilience after trauma, iv) PTG among children and adolescents, v) role of social support and coping strategy in PTG, and vi) association between PTG and quality of life. Conclusions: This co-word analysis effectively reveals an overview of PTG over the past 15 years. The six research categories deduced from this study can reflect that the research content in the field of PTG is abundant, but some research topics have not yet been mature. The findings of this study are of great value to future investigations associated with PTG.

Attitude and influencing factors to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among university students in Sichuan Province, China: A cross-sectional study.

AIMS: To explore the university students' attitude and the potential influencing factors to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Sichuan Province, China. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: The self-designed questionnaire was distributed among university students online in June 2021. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, two independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate linear regression, and content analysis were performed. RESULTS: A total of 397 questionnaires were analysed, involving 316 (79.6%) respondents have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine and 81 (20.4%) have not taken the vaccine. The total mean score of university students' vaccination attitude was 25.97 (standard deviation [SD] = 3.720), and the total scoring rate was 74.2%. Main factors influencing students' attitude included education level, major, living style, with chronic disease or not, self-reported vaccination status, and number of medical units that can provide vaccination within 3 km of residence. Students were more willing to choose Chinese-manufactured vaccines (66.8%) and participate in collective vaccination programs organized by the school (71.3%). The desired vaccine protection period was 5-10 years (42.1%). The top three reasons for refusing the vaccine or vaccine hesitancy were as follows: concern about the side effects of vaccine (44.8%), lack of information about vaccine (31.0%), and concern about the efficacy of vaccine (29.3%). CONCLUSION: In general, most of the participants had relatively high level of positive attitude to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to postgraduate students, non-medical students, those living alone, those with chronic disease, those have not received the COVID-19 vaccine, and those living far away from the vaccination medical units. Findings of this study can help educational institutions in developing effective interventions to improve the vaccination rate in the university student population.

Effects of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: The aim of this review was to determine whether the caregivers of breast cancer patients who undergo psychosocial interventions report improvements in quality of life (QOL), depression, and anxiety. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in the CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases from inception until March 1, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasiexperimental studies involving psychosocial interventions for caregivers of breast cancer patients were included. Cochrane's risk of bias tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist were used to assess the risk of bias. Results: This systematic review included eight original studies involving 528 caregivers of breast cancer patients. According to the meta-analyses, psychosocial interventions contributed significantly to improvements in QOL (SMD = 1.00, 95% CI [0.47, 1.54], p < 0.01), depression (SMD = -0.72, 95% CI [-1.02, -0.42], p < 0.01) and anxiety (SMD = -0.56, 95% CI [-0.86, -0.27], p < 0.01). Significant differences of psychosocial interventions on the QOL of caregivers were found in face-to-face and mixed-method psychosocial interventions (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI [0.19,1.75], p = 0.02; SMD = 1.45, 95% CI [0.86,2.05], p < 0.01) in the ≥3 months subgroup (SMD = 1.22, 95% CI [0.58,1.86], p < 0.01) but not in the spouses or partners subgroup (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI [-0.10,1.75], p = 0.08). Conclusions: This systematic review revealed that breast cancer patients' caregivers who undergo psychosocial interventions report improvements in QOL and reduced levels of depression and anxiety. It is worthwhile to use face-to-face methods when psychosocial interventions are conducted for caregivers. Future studies should examine long-term psychosocial interventions for spouses or partners of breast cancer patients. However, because of the limited number of original studies and the low quality of some included studies, the results should be treated cautiously. To increase solid evidence in this field, higher quality, more original studies are needed.

The effectiveness of self-management programme based on multilevel social resources utilization in diabetes mellitus patients: A randomized controlled study.

AIMS: This study aimed to test the effects of a novel diabetes self-management education (DSME) programme focused on multilevel social resources utilization on improving self-management behaviour, social resources utilization and haemoglobin Alc (HbA1c ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A randomized controlled design was used. A total of 118 participants with T2DM from two communities were recruited through randomized sampling, and randomly assigned to the novel DSME group or the traditional DSME group. DSME focusing on multilevel social resources utilization was implemented in the novel DSME group. Data were collected at baseline (T0 ), at the end of the intervention (T1 ) and 3 months after the end of intervention (T2 ) from 3 March to 16 November 2014. RESULTS: Comparing these two groups, the participants in the novel DSME group reported significantly better improvement in self-management behaviour and social resources utilization at T1 and T2 (all p < 0.01). A significant difference was found in the mean improvement of HbA1c level between the two groups at T2 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel DSME programme focused on multilevel social resources utilization can effectively enhance T2DM patients' self-management behaviour and social resource utilization and lower HbA1c levels. More importantly, the effects could last longer.

Effects of self-disclosure and resilience on reproductive concern in patients of childbearing age with breast cancer: a cross-sectional survey study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess reproductive concerns in patients of childbearing age with breast cancer and examine the relationship between self-disclosure, resilience and reproductive concerns. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Five tertiary first-class general hospitals in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 319 patients with breast cancer of reproductive age who were hospitalised in the breast oncology department participated in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were the relationship between resilience, self-disclosure and reproductive concerns, and mediating effect analyses. Secondary outcomes included the status of reproductive concerns. RESULTS: The model accounted for 39.1% of the variance in reproductive concerns. Self-disclosure had a direct negative effect on reproductive concerns (ß= -0.371, p=0.001). Resilience had a direct negative effect on reproductive concerns (ß= -0.349, p=0.001) and a direct positive effect on self-disclosure (ß=0.507, p=0.001). Furthermore, self-disclosure partially mediated the relation between resilience and reproductive concerns (ß= -0.177; SE=0.041; 95% CI -0.261 to -0.104; p<0.050), with a bootstrap of 10 000 samples. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that self-disclosure and resilience may ease reproductive concern. Therefore, self-disclosure education and resilience-oriented interventions should be provided to patients of childbearing age with breast cancer, to reduce reproductive concerns.

Public perceptions on the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a qualitative meta-synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: Medical artificial intelligence (AI) has been used widely applied in clinical field due to its convenience and innovation. However, several policy and regulatory issues such as credibility, sharing of responsibility and ethics have raised concerns in the use of AI. It is therefore necessary to understand the general public's views on medical AI. Here, a meta-synthesis was conducted to analyse and summarise the public's understanding of the application of AI in the healthcare field, to provide recommendations for future use and management of AI in medical practice. DESIGN: This was a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. METHOD: A search was performed on the following databases to identify studies published in English and Chinese: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of science, Cochrane library, Embase, PsycINFO, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. The search was conducted from database inception to 25 December 2021. The meta-aggregation approach of JBI was used to summarise findings from qualitative studies, focusing on the public's perception of the application of AI in healthcare. RESULTS: Of the 5128 studies screened, 12 met the inclusion criteria, hence were incorporated into analysis. Three synthesised findings were used as the basis of our conclusions, including advantages of medical AI from the public's perspective, ethical and legal concerns about medical AI from the public's perspective, and public suggestions on the application of AI in medical field. CONCLUSION: Results showed that the public acknowledges the unique advantages and convenience of medical AI. Meanwhile, several concerns about the application of medical AI were observed, most of which involve ethical and legal issues. The standard application and reasonable supervision of medical AI is key to ensuring its effective utilisation. Based on the public's perspective, this analysis provides insights and suggestions for health managers on how to implement and apply medical AI smoothly, while ensuring safety in healthcare practice. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022315033.

Chinese pregnant women's knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-protection against coronavirus disease 2019 during the post-pandemic period: A structural equation modeling-based survey.

This study aimed to investigate the Chinese pregnant women's levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of self-protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the post-pandemic period, to aid the development of targeted health education. An online questionnaire was conducted for 2156 Chinese pregnant women from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, to collect socio-demographic and KAP information. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine self-protection-related factors. The mean age of the participants was 30 ± 4.1 years. SEM indicated that pregnant women's level of knowledge can directly and indirectly affect the practice of self-protection (r = 0.23) through their belief, with a correlation coefficient of 0.56 and 0.46 between knowledge and belief and belief and practice, respectively. The "basic protection" and "hospital visits after infection" exerted the greatest impact on knowledge formation, with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.89, respectively. Attitude had a direct effect on practice with a correlation coefficient of 0.46. "Awareness of prevention and control" and "family and social support" had the greatest impact on belief formation, with correlation coefficients of 0.77 and 0.73, respectively. Pregnant Chinese women were generally familiar with COVID-19 knowledge, and their levels of knowledge and beliefs particularly affect the practice of self-protection. Health education aimed at improving pregnant women's knowledge and belief toward self-protection against COVID-19 may be an effective way to guide them toward positive practices and promote their health and that of their babies.

Predictors of health self-management behaviour in Kazakh patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is common among Muslim patients living in China, most of whom are Kazakh adults. Continuous and effective health self-management plays a critical role in preventing negative health outcomes for individuals with MS. However, Muslim minority patients with MS face many difficulties in actively participating in health self-management, and the factors supporting their successful self-management of MS remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the factors predicting health self-management behaviour among Kazakh MS patients and provide empirical evidence for establishing recommendation guidelines or intervention programmes for health self-management among Muslim minorities. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Xinjiang Province, China, with the use of convenience sampling to explore the current health self-management behaviour of 454 Kazakh MS patients and its influencing factors. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The total health self-management behaviour score of Kazakh MS patients was 85.84±11.75, and the weaknesses in self-management behaviour were mainly reflected in three dimensions: disease self-monitoring, emotion management and communication with physicians. The significant positive predictors of health self-management behaviour were sex, education, family monthly income per capita, weight, knowledge of MS, and self-efficacy, while the significant negative predictors were blood pressure, the number of MS components, chronic disease comorbidities, and social support (objective support and utilization of support). CONCLUSION: The health self-management behaviour of Kazakh MS patients is poor. Health care providers should aim to develop culturally specific and feasible health management intervention programmes based on the weaknesses and major modifiable influencing factors in Muslim minority MS patient health self-management, thus improving the health outcomes and quality of life of patients.

Correlates of Cancer-Related Fatigue among Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy Based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and burdensome symptom in cancer patients that is influenced by multiple factors. Identifying factors associated with CRF may help in developing tailored interventions for fatigue management. This study aimed to examine the correlates of CRF among colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant therapy based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was implemented, and finally, a sample of 363 participants from one tertiary general hospital and one tertiary cancer hospital was purposively recruited. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, cancer fatigue scale, the distress disclosure index, Herth hope index, and perceived social support scale. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the correlates of CRF. RESULTS: The mean score of CRF among colorectal cancer patients was 21.61 (SD = 6.16, 95% CI 20.98-22.25), and the fatigue degree rating was "moderate". The multiple linear regression model revealed that 49.1% of the variance in CRF was explained by hope, sleep disorder, internal family support, self-disclosure, pain, and time since operation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified several significant, modifiable factors (self-disclosure, hope, internal family support, pain, and sleep disorder) associated with CRF. Understanding these correlates and developing targeted psychosocial interventions may be associated with the improvement of CRF in patients with colorectal cancer.

Bibliometric analysis of hotspots and frontiers in cancer-related fatigue among ovarian cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVES: To explore and analyze research hotspots and frontiers in CRF in ovarian cancer patients to provide an evidence-based basis for scholars and policymakers. BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common and lethal gynecological malignancies. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is an annoying and pervasive side-effect that seriously affects the activities of daily living and decreases the quality of life (QoL) of cancer survivors. METHODS: The literature was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from inception to 2021-12-31. CiteSpace was used to discuss research countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. RESULTS: This study ultimately included 755 valid publications, and the number of publications showed a gradual upward trend. The countries, institutions, authors, and journals that have published the most articles and cited the most frequently were the United States, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michael Friedlander and Amit M Oza, Gynecologic Oncology, and Journal of Clinical Oncology. The top three high-frequency keywords were Ovarian cancer, chemotherapy, and clinical trial. The top three keywords with the strongest citation bursts were cyclophosphamide, double-blind, and open-label. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting multi-center, large-sample, randomized controlled clinical trials to determine whether chemotherapeutic agents have severe adverse effects and to discuss the relationship between CRF and QoL and overall survival in cancer survivors are hotspots in this field. The new trends may be applying double-blind, randomized controlled trials to clarify the causes of CRF and open-label, randomized trials to determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of chemotherapeutic agents.

Effects of reflective learning based on visual mind mapping in the fundamentals of nursing course: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that reflective learning and mind mapping have many advantages in nursing education, but the relevant researches on the joint application of the two strategies are very limited. OBJECTIVES: To confirm the efficacy of reflective learning based on visual mind mapping for educational purposes to support the critical thinking, academic self-efficacy, and professional self-concept of nursing students. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest model. SETTINGS: A nursing college in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty 2nd year baccalaureate nursing students in two parallel classes were assigned to an intervention group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40) with one class for each group. METHODS: This study was carried out from September 15 to November 30, 2021. The Chinese version of Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI-CV), the Chinese version of Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASE-CV), and the Chinese version of Professional Self-Concept of Nurses Instrument (PSCNI-CV) were used to evaluate the effects of the study intervention on nursing students. Firstly, the pretest data were collected from students in the two groups. Then, the intervention group students made regular reflective entries based on mind mapping and the control group students conducted traditional reflective journal, while attending routine educational and clinical activities, about their experiences of the Fundamentals of Nursing course learning process. After the intervention, both groups completed the three scale tests again, and an open-ended question was set for intervention group to explore the difficulties or challenges encountered by students. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, and content analysis were performed. RESULTS: There were no significant baseline demographic variables differences between the two groups. The intervention group showed significant improvement in critical thinking (P = 0.000), including truth-seeking, open-mindedness, analyticity, systematization, and inquisitiveness sub-dimensions (P = 0.000-0.014), and professional self-concept (P = 0.015), including flexibility and satisfaction sub-dimensions (P = 0.015-0.039), as compared to the baseline. There was no significant difference in students' academic self-efficacy level between pretest and posttest of the two groups. Compared to the total level of critical thinking between the intervention and the control group, the difference median values (posttest score-pretest score) were 14.0 and 1.5 respectively; and for professional self-concept, were 4.5 and 0.5 respectively, which were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level (P = 0.001-0.020). According to open-ended question survey, difficulties or challenges faced by the intervention group students were mainly problem of charting mind mapping, unfamiliar with tools, problem of mentors' guidance, and time-consuming. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that it is appropriate for students to adopt reflective learning based on visual mind mapping. Although there were no significant differences in the improvement level of students' academic self-efficacy, students' critical thinking and professional self-concept were greatly improved by the intervention. This approach may be used as a complementary learning method for baccalaureate nursing education.

Effects of telemedicine interventions on essential hypertension: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Essential hypertension is a major preventable risk factor for early cardiovascular disease, premature death and disability. It has been reported that telemedicine interventions can provide an innovative solution to essential hypertension to overcome the barriers that exist in traditional treatment or control. Nevertheless, this subject has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study is to systematically evaluate and describe the impact of telemedicine interventions on essential hypertension. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: To find relevant research, we will conduct a systematic literature search of three databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library), with no language limitations, in addition to researching grey literature. Two reviewers will extract the data individually, and any disagreements will be resolved by discussion or by a third reviewer. The randomised controlled trials will be chosen based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes will include systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after the telemedicine intervention. Secondary outcomes will include medication adherence (eg, the Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire), quality of life (eg, the MOS item scale of the Health Survey Short Form 36 questionnaire), blood pressure control rate and adverse events (eg, stroke, chronic renal failure, aortic dissection, myocardial infarction and heart failure). The quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias method. The data will be analysed using RevMan V.5.3.5 software and STATA V.16.0 software. If heterogeneity testing reveals little or no statistical heterogeneity, a fixed effect model will be used for data synthesis; otherwise, a random effect model would be employed. We will synthesise the available evidence to perform a high-quality meta-analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This project does not require ethical approval because it will be conducted using publicly available documents. The review's findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021293539.