[A cross-sectional study on risk factors of associated type 2 diabetes mellitus among adults in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To disclose the epidemiological status of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related risk factors in adults in Beijing. METHODS: Logistic model was applied to analyze the relationship between the risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 22 301 people were studied, of whom 9836 were males, 12 465 females, and 2658 of them aged over 60 (accounting for 11.92%). The risk factors, which might cause diabetes, would include being male (OR = 1.453), with genetic history (OR = 2.751), people older than 40 (OR = 1.584), with hypertension (OR = 1.338), with larger waist circumference (OR = 1.741), overweight or obesity (OR = 1.098), low consumption of fruits (OR = 1.430), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.767) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.315). CONCLUSION: It is of great importance to carry out prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus programs to eliminate the risk factors among adults in Beijing, with contents as: keeping the blood pressure and weight within the normal range, increasing fruit intake, decreasing the triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

[Factors related to awareness on tobacco advertisement and promotion among adults in six cities in China].

OBJECTIVE: To know the situation of tobacco advertisement, promotions and related factors in six cities in China. METHODS: 4815 adults (above 18 years), selected form Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan through probability proportionate sampling and simple random sampling, were investigated through questionnaires. RESULTS: The most commonly reported channels that smokers noticed tobacco advertisements were billboards (35.6%) and television (34.4%). The most commonly reported tobacco promotional activities that were noticed by smokers were free gifts when buying cigarettes (23.1%) and free samples of cigarettes (13.9%). Smokers in Changsha were more likely to report noticing tobacco advertisement on billboards (chi2 = 562.474, P < 0.00 1), and on television (chi2 = 265.570, P < 0.001). Smokers in Changsha (chi2 = 58.314, P < 0.001) were more likely to notice tobacco related news and games. A logistic regression analysis showed that the living and education level were related to awareness of tobacco advertisement and promotion. CONCLUSION: It was universal to see tobacco advertisement and promotions in cities in China but the laws and regulations about tobacco-control were not uniformly executed in different cities. It is necessary to perfect and uniform related laws and regulations.

[Study on chronic disease related behavior and lifestyle in adults in Beijing, 2005].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of chronic disease related behavior and lifestyle in adults from Beijing. METHODS: 16,658 adult residents from Beijing city were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2005. Each participant was invited to receive a set of standardized questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory tests. RESULTS: In the adults living in Beijing, 33.2% were overweight and 16.4% were obesive. The current smoking rate was 26.2% and the regular smoking rate was 21.4%. 57.7% of the male and 4.6% of the female adults were current smokers. In male adults, 64.3% drank alcoholic beverage at least once per month while 16.1% drank almost everyday, 16.5% drank more alcohol than moderate, and 18.5% were binge drinkers. 46.0% of Beijing adults were in lack of active physical exercise. Unhealthy dietary habits such as:excess consumption of sodium or oil, lower intake of vegetable, milk and soybean productions, skipping breakfast, fond of salted vegetable and fried food intake, as well as eating snacks etc. were quite commonly seen in the adults from Beijing. In addition, most of the risk factors had a higher prevalence in the suburban areas and population at working-age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of chronic risk factors was still high in adults of Beijing. Effective interventions should be carried out to prevent further worsening of the situation, especially in the suburban areas and people at working-age.

[Nutrition and health status of the Beijing residents].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the constitution and health status of the Beijing residents, and the primary influencing factors on nutrition and health, as to finding out the epidemiological characters and the changing trend of chronic diseases and to establish scientific basis for the establishment of public health and disease prevention policies of Beijing. METHODS: A stratified multi-stage cluster randomly sampling method was used. In total, 18 districts were surveyed, and among them, 9 were conducted dietary survey. The investigation was based on household, and all family members were surveyed at their home. After having got the compliance from the family members, question asking, medical examination, laboratory test and dietary investigation were carried out in these people. RESULTS: The incidence rate of hypertension was 25.0% for the resident > or = 15 year-old, and over 50% for middle-aged and elderly people (> or = 45 years old). The incidence of diabetes for those not younger than 15 years old was 7.7%. The over-weight rate and the obesity rate for adults were 35.1% and 20.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The following risk factors of chronic disease, such as unreasonable diet pattern, deficient intake of some micronutrients, over-weight and obesity, lack of physical examination, smoking and over-drinking, should be the important factors influencing the health of Beijing residents severely.