[Exhaust Smoke of Non-Road Vehicles in Typical Cities of Eastern China].

In typical cities of East China, more than 900 non-road vehicles were tested for exhaust smoke. Based on the investigation of the properties of these non-road vehicles, exhaust smoke intensities for different kinds of non-road vehicles are recommended. We also quantitatively study the differences in smoke intensity among vehicle age, vehicle power, test conditions, and fuels. The results showed that smoke intensity of non-road vehicles was (1.02±0.57) m-1 and that Ringelmann smoke was 2.10±0.19. In comparison to Chinese national standard (GB 36886), approximately 12%-25% of tested non-road vehicles' smoke intensity exceeded the standard limit. The smoke intensity of 80% of tested non-road vehicles was higher during start-up than under free acceleration. In comparison to ordinary diesel, the smoke intensities of tested non-road vehicles that used automotive diesel were lower. The instantaneous increase in fuel injection during start-up, as well as poor fuel quality, can directly affect the exhaust smoke of non-road vehicles.

[Treatment Status and Emission Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds from Typical Industrial Sources].

The status of treatment equipment, the emission characteristics, and the ozone formation potential (OFP) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for 11 typical enterprises, which were categorized into the 8 major VOC emission industries identified by the emission inventory of a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta, are discussed in this paper. There was a large difference in the removal efficiency of non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) between different treatment techniques, and even an increase in concentration occurred after some of the treatments. The current treatment equipment for VOCs needs further optimization. The emissions of NMHC, benzene, toluene, and xylene in most of the surveyed enterprises exceeded their corresponding standards, with toluene the worst offender. The most abundant compounds in the eight emission industries were aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs, whereas aromatic hydrocarbons contributed the most to ozone formation potential. There were large differences in emission characteristics of VOCs from different industries. Priority should be placed on the industries that have large OFP when control strategies of VOCs are considered.

[Emission Inventory and Pollution Characteristics of Industrial VOCs in Hangzhou, China].

For the 2022 Asian Games, a series of major events were held in Hangzhou City in 2016 at the international summit, where research on VOC emission inventories, especially on industrial VOCs, has attracted the attention of local residents and management departments. By taking a bottom-up approach, 3518 enterprises in more than 30 industries in Hangzhou were investigated and an industrial VOCs emission inventory for Hangzhou was established. Based on the data on regional emissions, emissions intensity, and spatial distribution, the industrial VOCs emissions in Hangzhou were systematically analyzed. The VOC emissions from industrial sources in Hangzhou amounted to 36839.5 tons in 2015. Printing and reproduction of recorded media; chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing; and the metal, textile, rubber, and plastics products industries were the most important sources of industrial VOC emissions in Hangzhou. The largest industrial VOC emissions were measured in Xiaoshan District, followed by Fuyang District and Dajiangdong Industrial Agglomeration Area. The highest VOC emissions intensity was detected in Fuyang District, Jiande City, and Lin'an City. Industrial VOC emissions were mainly concentrated in more intensive industrial areas in Xiaoshan, Fuyang, Yuhang, and Dajiangdong Districts.

[Air Pollutant Emission Inventory of Non-road Machineries in Typical Cities in Eastern China].

Based on site investigation of non-road vehicles in Shanghai and Hangzhou located in east China, non-road vehicle emission inventory in 2014 was established in these cities as well as its emission inventory technology. Characteristics of non-road vehicle were also analyzed, including classification, type of fuel, power and emission standard. The results showed that diesel consumed by non-road vehicles was 6.1×105 t in Shanghai and 3.2×105 t in Hangzhou; NOx emission was 3.09×104 t in Shanghai and 1.72×104 t in Hangzhou; PM2.5 emission was 1.41×103 t in Shanghai and 8.1×102 t in Hangzhou, 2014. Emissions from excavators and other construction equipment contributed the most in non-road vehicle emission inventory. Non-road vehicle has become one of the important sources of urban air pollution, whose NOx emissions accounted for 11.1% of all urban sources in Shanghai and 16.1% in Hangzhou, and accounted for 18.5% of mobile sources in Shanghai and 32.2% in Hangzhou.