Meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption among urban and rural elders aged 60+ years in regional China: a population-level nutritional study.

The aim was to assess epidemiological characteristics of the most recent consumption patterns of meat, vegetable, and fruit among representative urban and rural residents aged 60+ years in regional China. In this cross-sectional survey conducted in mid-2018, participants aged 60+ years were randomly chosen from urban and rural communities in Nanjing municipality of China. Meat, vegetable, and fruit intake were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) to investigate the association of socio-demographic characteristics with a likelihood of meeting intake recommendation. Among the 20 867 participants, 49⋅5 % were men and 45⋅0 % urban elders, and 6⋅5 % aged 80+ years. The mean values of consumption frequency of red meat, white meat, vegetable, and fruit were 2⋅99 ± 2⋅28, 1⋅37 ± 1⋅13, 5⋅24 ± 6⋅43, and 2⋅64 ± 2⋅91 times/week, respectively, among overall participants. Moreover, there were 14⋅9, 23⋅7, and 12⋅1 % of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, and fruit, separately, in this study. After adjustment for potential confounders, age, gender, residence area, and educational attainment each was associated with the likelihood of meeting intake recommendation of meat, vegetable, or fruit. The consumption frequency and proportion of participants meeting intake recommendations of meat, vegetable, or fruit were not high among elders in regional China. Socio-demographic characteristics were associated with intake recommendations of meat, vegetables, and fruit. It has public health implications that participants' socio-demographic attributes shall be considered for precision intervention on meat, vegetable, and fruit consumption in healthy eating campaigns among elders in China.

[Preliminary study of toxicity of niclosamide ethanolamine salt on wetland creatures along lower reaches of Yangtze River in Nanjing City].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the impact of niclosamide ethanolamine salt on the Yangtze River wetland creatures, so as to provide an evidence for the environmental impact assessment of the Oncomelania hupensis control measures. METHODS: Eriocheir sinensis, Procambarus clarkii, freshwater mysis and Bellamya aeruginosa were chosen as the test organisms from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Nanjing City, and they were immersed in the different concentrations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt solution for 24-96 h. The mortality rates and LC50 values were calculated. RESULTS: There was only 1 death (with a mortality rate of 8.33%) of P. clarkia immersed in niclosamide ethanolamine salt with the concentration of 400 mg/L for 96 h. There was no death of the E. sinensis immersed in niclosamide ethanolamine salt with the concentration of 640 mg/L for 96 h. The LC50 values were 2.170 4, 1.303 6, 1.013 1 mg/L and 0.720 5 mg/L respectively when the freshwater mysis were immersed in the solution for 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h. The LC50 values were 1.173 5, 0.642 1, 0.477 3 mg/L respectively when the B. aeruginosa were immersed in the solution for 24, 48, 72, 96 h. CONCLUSIONS: The impacts of niclosamide ethanolamine salt on the different wetland creatures are different. E. sinensis and P. clarkii have high resistance to niclosamide ethanolamine salt. However, niclosamide ethanolamine salt shows heavy toxicity on the freshwater mysis and Bellamya aeruginosa.