A rare presentation of hematosalpinx with torsion in a thirteen year-old virgin: a case report.

A medical condition called hematosalpinx causes an accumulation of blood within the fallopian tube. It is usually seen in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Inflammatory disease of the pelvis, tubal cancer, pelvic trauma, and endometriosis are further causes. Here, we report a unique case of hematosalpinx with associated tubal torsion in a 13-year-old female lacking any previously reported contributing causes. She is celibate and presented with abdominal pain and fever. Beta-hcg was not present, and her menstrual cycle was regular. Pelvic ultrasound sonography revealed a large cyst and was suggestive of a right paraovarian cyst. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and a giant hematosalpinx was observed in an otherwise normal ovary. In conclusion, although very rare in adolescence, hematosalpinx must be considered in the differential diagnosis. This unusual instance highlights new concerns regarding the pathogenesis of hematosalpinx.

COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis: A systematic review.

Objectives: Post-COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis stands as one of the most serious side effects attributed to COVID-19 vaccines. This complication encompasses diverse manifestations which vary in presentation and severity. Moreover, it can impact patients across all age groups, with a notably elevated incidence in the elderly. This systematic review seeks to review and evaluate the spectrum of vasculitis manifestations linked to COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was done by searching through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to October 2022. Articles including data about sex, age at diagnosis, vasculitis clinical manifestations, type of vaccination, most commonly used investigations, comorbid medical conditions, treatments, and clinical outcomes were included in the final analysis. Furthermore, vasculitis flare-ups post-vaccination were considered part of this review. Results: A total number of 117 studies describing 158 patients developing vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination were included in the final analysis. Among the patients who developed vasculitis, the most administered type of vaccination was the mRNA vaccine subtype (n = 103), followed by the viral vector vaccines (n = 42) and inactivated viral vaccines (n = 10). On the other hand, about 38% of vasculitis-related symptoms occurred after the administration of the first dose of the vaccine and 37% occurred after taking the second dose. The skin (60.7%) and the kidneys (27.8%) were the most affected organs and complete remission was achieved in 111 patients (70%), while partial remission occurred in 11% of the patient population. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine-induced vasculitis is a rare occurrence associated with COVID-19 vaccines. It generally presents a favorable prognosis and outcomes for the vast majority of patients, ultimately leading to full remission within days. This review emphasizes the notion that the advantages of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the potential risks, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems.

Life-threatening bilateral internal carotid artery and unilateral vertebral artery total occlusion presenting with dizziness: a case report.

Introduction: It is well known that whereas bilateral occlusion is less common, unilateral internal carotid artery blockage happens regularly. Asymptomatic to fatal ischemic stroke can be the clinical presentation, depending on whether there is adequate collateral blood flow. Internal carotid artery occlusion is often associated with significant neurologic events, both at the time of initial occlusion and during follow-up. Case presentation: The authors describe a patient's experience of dizziness followed by a fall. The hyperdense position of the basilar artery near its bifurcation was identified following a computed tomography (CT) scan. Furthermore, the pons, midbrain, and medial parts of the right temporal lobe showed numerous small hypodensities suggestive of an ischemic injury. The patient had medical treatment without surgery after it was determined that they had bilateral internal carotid arteries and a blocked right vertebral artery. After taking dual anti-platelet therapy for 5 days, the patient recovered without incident and was discharged from the hospital. Discussion: In a young patient with bilateral internal carotid arteries occlusion (BICAO), the authors highlighted the significance of prompt diagnosis of stroke-like symptoms, diagnostic possibilities, and treatment options. Options for diagnosis include brain MRI and CT head to check for ischemia and CT angiography (CTA) head and neck to assess for artery obstruction. Options for treatment include severe medical and surgical treatments, such as carotid endarterectomy, stent implantation, or balloon angioplasty, or medical management alone, such as dual anti-platelet medication and thrombolysis. Conclusion: BICAO is associated with a grave prognosis and significant cerebrovascular complications. High-quality studies are needed to establish the best treatment strategy, considering the complex and individualized nature of the condition.

Exploring the impact of early exposure and mentorship on the neurosurgery career aspirations of medical students in low- and middle-income countries.

Early exposure to neurosurgery has been shown to have a positive influence on students' perceptions and attitudes towards the field of neurosurgery. This review delves into the problems faced by the neurosurgery workforce in LMICs, highlighting the necessity for local and international collaborative strategies and plans to enhance the medical education curriculum, training, and retention of neurosurgeons in their home countries. Mentorship also emerges as a crucial factor in neurosurgical career progress, narrowing the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world practical skills, and providing guidelines in career pathways. Despite numerous benefits of early exposure and mentorship, limitations such as limited resources, inadequate elective opportunities, and negative cultural influences, hinder students' interest in neurosurgery. However, initiatives such as global outreach programs and collaborations between HICs and LMICs aim to address these challenges and improve access to mentorship and training opportunities and programs. This review recommends the integration of mentorship into career development strategies, establishing well-structured mentorship programs, and strengthening neurosurgery exposure in medical education. By implementing these recommendations, the next generation of neurosurgeons can be better equipped to address the complex challenges in LMICs, ultimately, enhancing easy access to neurosurgical care and strengthening healthcare systems.

Central lung adenocarcinoma in a young male mimicking pneumonia with nonrecurrent polyserous effusions of negative cytology: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lung adenocarcinoma may resemble the clinical presentation of an infectious or inflammatory lung disease. The coexistence of lung cancer, and polyserous effusions is uncommon, which may cause a diagnostic challenge. However, any polyserous effusions at a young age must always be suspicious for malignancy. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of 38-year-old male patient with polyserous effusions and pneumonia who was treated accordingly and showed clinical improvement with a significant reduction of pericardial and pleural effusions. Subsequent testing and a biopsy resulted in the histopathological diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Nonrecurrent polyserous effusions in lung adenocarcinoma are uncommon, and negative cytology results may not exclude malignancy due to the moderate sensitivity of pleural and pericardial fluid cytology. Clinicians should remain vigilant for false-negative results, especially in younger patients. Malignancy should not be ruled out because pleural and pericardial fluid cytology have a sensitivity of 60% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by atypical presentations of lung adenocarcinoma and emphasizes the importance of considering malignancy in the differential diagnosis of polyserous effusions, even when initial cytology results are negative. Clarifying the rationale for this study enhances its relevance and impact.

Behçet's disease presented with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A Palestinian case report.

Key Clinical Message: It is important to recognize and manage gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with BD, as they are linked to high rates of mortality and morbidity. BD can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, and prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications. Additionally, the diagnosis of BD is primarily based on clinical factors due to the lack of pathognomonic laboratory tests. Abstract: Behçet's disease (BD) is an idiopathic, chronic, and relapsing multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent skin lesions and eye disease. There is no pathognomonic laboratory testing; the diagnosis is made mainly on clinical factors. BD symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal (GI) system are particularly important as they are linked to high rates of mortality and morbidity. Although ileocecal involvement is most frequently mentioned, BD can affect any part of the GI tract. There are techniques for keeping track of disease activity during treatment, but they are not ideal. We present a case of a 38-year-old male patient admitted to the ICU with a history of black tarry stools of 1-month duration, fresh blood per rectum 5 to 7 times a day associated with fever, chills, and back and nonspecific joint pain for five days. The patient also experienced left eye episcleritis while being hospitalized, which was later confirmed to be BD.

Limb body wall complex in a 28-week fetus and impact of cultural beliefs on maternal outcomes: A case report.

The limb body wall complex is a rare congenital disorder that is marked by various anomalies such as thoracoschisis, gastroschisis, limb defects and exencephaly. These defects are not compatible with life and result in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. It is important to diagnose the anomalies on time and counsel the patients extensively to make the right decision. In this case report, we present a woman in her early twenties pregnant with a fetus with multiple anomalies including ectopia cordis, gastroschisis, meningomyelocele, kyphoscoliosis and congenital talipes equinovarus diagnosed as limb body wall complex at 18 weeks of gestation. Despite extensive counselling by the consultant, the couple decided to continue the pregnancy due to cultural beliefs which ultimately affected the maternal health. The fetus was spontaneously delivered at 28 weeks when the mother came to the hospital with ruptured membranes and the fetus was pronounced dead at birth. The co-occurrence of all these anomalies poses a challenge in diagnosis and management. Extensive counselling is required for the patient to make the appropriate decision for better outcomes. Cultural beliefs can play a major role in the decision-making of the patients and their families which can have a significant effect on maternal outcomes.

The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Langerhans cell sarcoma in the United States: A population study based on SEER data from 2000 to 2019.

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Our knowledge about this condition is limited and mainly based on case reports, making it challenging to understand its epidemiology, clinical features, and patient outcomes. We conducted a retrospective study of LCS patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The data were stratified based on age, race, stage, clinical pattern, and treatment method. Our study found that 57 LCS cases were reported in SEER registries between 2000 and 2019. Among these cases, most patients (50.9%) were over 60 years old and White (71.9%) with almost equal males to females ratio. About 45.6% of cases were localized while 47.4% were at distant stages. Of the patients, 50.9% underwent surgery, 45.6% received chemotherapy, and only 21.1% received radiotherapy. The overall survival rate for patients diagnosed with LCS in the United States is generally low with a 1-year overall rate of 63.8%. Certain factors can negatively impact prognosis, such as advanced stages of the disease, secondary tumors, or more than 1 tumor per patient. LCS is a rare disease with poor survival rates. Future research should incorporate global data for further statistically significant results. Moreover, investigating the molecular, genetic, and pathophysiological backgrounds of these tumors is crucial for developing targeted management strategies and improving prognosis.

Fibrocartilaginous embolism: a rare cause of cervical spine infarction.

Introduction and importance: One of the uncommon causes of ischaemic myelopathy is fibrocartilaginous embolisation, which results from the intersomatic disc nucleus pulposus becoming embolised into the spinal vasculature during Valsalva-like manoeuvres. Case presentation: A 29-year-old female patient presented to the authors' emergency department with general weakness, dizziness, and an inability to move her right hand after a minor trauma. These symptoms deteriorated suddenly until the patient became quadriplegic. The clinical picture and MRI led to a diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism. Clinical discussion: Fibrocartilaginous embolism is a rare cause of spine infarction. There is still little understanding of the underlying cause of FCE. Most cases occur sporadically in people without a family history of the disease, such as the authors' case, and diagnosis is based on imaging of the spinal cord and ruling out other causes of a blockage in the vascular system within the spinal cord, infectious and inflammatory causes. Conclusion: When a practitioner suspects that a patient may have fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE), they should take the patient's history and do a neurological examination. An MRI is required since it is thought to be the most accurate method of diagnosing FCE.

Wide en-bloc thymectomy and venous axis reconstruction in Masaoka stage IIIB thymoma: a case report and literature review.

Thymomas are rare tumors originating from thymic tissue and rarely metastasize. They can be diagnosed either incidentally or symptomatically when compressing or invading nearby structure. A 36-year-old man presented with significant high-grade fever, chest pain that worsens upon lying down, and dyspnea. A chest X-Ray and computed tomography followed by biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of thymoma. The management included chemotherapy cycles, followed by surgery. Pericardiectomy was performed with en-bloc thymectomy and partial resection of the infiltrating lung. Venous drainage was restored by 8/16 mm inverted bifurcated brachiocephalic-superior vena cava Dacron bypass. The pericardium was reconstructed by a synthetic Dacron patch, and the right diaphragm metastasis was resected. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was initiated. After 3 months of follow-up, no recurrence was evidenced by computed tomography.

Unicornuate uterus with a rudimentary non-communicating cavitary horn in association with VACTERL association: a rare case report.

Mullerian anomalies are malformations that affect the embryological development of paramesonephric ducts and are associated with multiple urogenital defects due to shared embryology, including VACTERL association, which coexists in about one-third of these patients. We report a rare case of a unicornuate noncommunicating horn uterus with a rudimentary second horn in a known case of VACTERL association in a 16-year-old girl.

Management of traumatic brain injury in Africa: challenges and opportunities.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern globally, with significant implications for morbidity, mortality, and long-term disability. While extensive research has been conducted on TBI management in high-income countries, limited attention has been given to the specific challenges and opportunities faced by healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This perspective study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of TBI management in SSA, focusing on the unique challenges and potential opportunities for improvement. The findings highlight several key challenges faced by SSA healthcare systems in managing TBIs, including limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. Furthermore, social and cultural factors, such as ignorance of driving laws, financial constraints, and limited access to modern technology services. However, the study also identifies potential opportunities for improving TBI management in SSA. These include strengthening healthcare infrastructure, enhancing pre-hospital care and transportation systems, and increasing public awareness and education about TBI. This perspective study emphasizes the urgent need for tailored interventions and strategies to address the unique challenges faced by SSA in managing TBIs. Addressing the challenges and opportunities in brain injury management in SSA requires a comprehensive approach which can be through investing in health infrastructure, addressing socio-economic inequalities, implementing prevention strategies, and fostering evidence-based research collaboration. Through this, the region can significantly improve TBI care and outcomes, thereby improving the well-being of people affected by TBI in SSA.

Central retinal artery occlusion in a child with ADA2 deficiency: a case report.

Introduction and importance: Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) is the first molecularly described monogenic vasculitis syndrome. During the past decade, DADA2's clinical spectrum has expanded significantly as the number of reported cases has increased. Case presentation: A 5-year-old boy with DADA2 who experienced sudden onset left-sided vision loss due to unilateral central retinal artery occlusion. The patient had a history of recurrent fever and arthralgia with high inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Brain MRI showed mild limbic encephalitis, and MRA was normal. His gene sequencing results demonstrated substitutions mutation in ADA2, and the diagnosis of DADA2 was eventually confirmed. Clinical discussion: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in paediatrics is a very rare condition. Typically, DADA2 presents in childhood as systemic inflammation, vasculitis, humoral immunodeficiency, and/or haematologic abnormalities. The most common phenotype described in the literature is vasculitis, which typically affects the skin and central nervous system, but other systems can also be affected. Ophthalmic manifestations are less common and highly variable. Conclusions: DADA2 manifests rarely with central retinal artery occlusion; therefore, physicians should be aware of this manifestation.

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Migration Into the Transverse Colon: A Case Report.

A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a connection between the cerebral ventricles and the peritoneal cavity. One of the rare complications of this procedure is shunt migration and perforation of the bowel. Our case report presents the case of a 19-month-old male patient who underwent VP shunt insertion due to hydrocephalus at the age of 8 months. He suffered from two episodes of bacterial meningitis at the ages of 11 and 15 months, requiring hospital admission. The patient's parents brought him to the emergency department after noticing a blood-stained diaper and seeing a part of the shunt extruding from the anal opening. Upon physical examination, the patient was active, neither in distress nor tachycardic. with unremarkable abdominal examination and negative peritoneal signs. A digital rectal examination showed normal anal tone, with normal-coloured stool with no blood at the tip of the finger, together with a compressible VP shunt. Complications of this type of migration include faecal contamination and possible infections such as ascending meningitis. This case report highlights the extrusion of the shunt through the anal orifice in a 19-month-old male patient which serves as an example of the uncommon but serious consequence of VP shunt insertion in the pediatric population. While VP shunt insertion remains a widely used and effective treatment for hydrocephalus, healthcare providers need to recognize and address potential complications associated with this procedure. Additionally, this case emphasizes the importance of diligent monitoring and regular radiographic imaging to confirm the correct positioning of shunt components, particularly in the paediatric population.

Arabic websites assessment of irritable bowel syndrome: How trustworthy are they? A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic GI disorder that affects people all over the world. Patients frequently look for information about their ailments online. Despite being widely and easily accessible, online information's quality and readability are under doubt. In this investigation, we assessed the effectiveness and usability of IBS Arabic websites found on significant search engines. Methods: IBS-related search terms in Arabic were entered into two search engines (Google and YouTube), and the first 30 websites per word from Google, and the first 20 websites per word from YouTube were assessed for eligibility. Eligible Google websites were assessed for quality and readability, while YouTube websites were assessed for quality. Quality was assessed using the DISCERN score and the JAMA Benchmark. Readability was assessed using the automatic Arabic readability index (AARI). Associations between quality, readability, types of websites (medical/nonmedical), and video length were analyzed. Results: For Google: A total of 48 websites were evaluated, mean DISCERN score was 40.4 (SD = 10.28) indicating fair quality. The mean JAMA score was 1.6 (SD = 0.69), with the readability being worse the higher the quality. Medical websites had higher quality scores than nonmedical ones. For YouTube: A total of 34 YouTube videos were evaluated, mean DISCERN score was 34.7 (SD = 7.35), indicating poor quality. The mean JAMA score was 1.4 (SD = 0.72). Medical websites had higher quality scores than nonmedical ones. There was no association between the quality of the videos and their length. Conclusion: The majority of websites were of low to fair quality and required a high degree of readability. As a result, we advise (1) healthcare practitioners to offer helpful websites to their patients, and (2) the development of IBS-related websites under the guidance of experts, with the involvement of patients.

Stroke as an unusual initial presentation of 'malignant' middle cerebral artery infarction involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction and importance: SLE, or systemic lupus erythematosus, is a chronic autoimmune condition of uncertain origin characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that target the body's own antigens. Case presentation: A 16-year-old female presented at the emergency room with a right-sided lip droop and subsequently developed symptoms consistent with a malignant hemispheric infarction, including altered consciousness, hemiplegia, and forced gaze deviation. Her laboratory results were within the normal range. However, a brain MRI revealed cerebral edema and a massive infarction in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) region. Subsequently, her serologic profile was indicative of SLE, leading to a later diagnosis. Clinical discussion: The patient in this case presented with symptoms suggestive of a stroke. A CT scan showed MCA occlusion, leading to a diagnosis of malignant MCA syndrome. The patient was also diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, which is associated with an increased risk of stroke. Inflammation-induced thrombosis and CNS vasculitis are potential mechanisms linking SLE and stroke. Conclusion: This case serves as an example of a sudden and potentially life-threatening presentation of SLE, underscoring the importance of early detection and targeted treatment that can influence the course of the disease.

A primary hydatid cyst in the mesorectum uncommon location - A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), often known as hydatid disease. Over two-thirds of all occurrences of this zoonotic disease process in humans are caused by hepatic infection. Clinicians should have a low threshold to consider CE as a differential diagnosis in patients with positive serology and suggestive radiological findings, especially in endemic regions, because signs and symptoms are typically non-specific, especially in early disease. CASE PRESENTATION: This is a case report of a 26-year-old male who presented with increasing lower abdominal discomfort, mild pain, sense of fullness in the lower abdomen, described as (I'm having a ball in my abdomen), with a history of early satiation and tenesmus, frequency of urine, and history of weight loss and general weakness of 10-months duration. The diagnosis of a hydatid cyst in the mesorectum was made. The cyst was completely excised via open surgery. No local recurrence has been detected up to the present time. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Given how uncommon a site like this is, this case report helps broaden the differential diagnosis of soft tissue masses in such settings, especially in endemic areas. It also describes in great detail how these locations are affected by the hydatid disease. CONCLUSION: The mesorectal hydatid cyst was challenging to diagnose initially due to its infrequent incidence and uncommon location. In a few rare cases, the diagnosis of a hydatid cyst might be guided by the detection of the cyst membrane and daughter cysts in the germinal membrane.

Fear of a new pandemic: perception and prediction of monkeypox among the middle east general population.

Background: Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, an Orthopox virus. The 2022 monkeypox outbreak provoked fear among the public. Public awareness about the disease could be an important factor in its control. The authors conducted this study to assess the perception and prediction of monkeypox among the Middle East public. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2022. Data were conveniently collected from eight Middle Eastern countries using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed through educational and social media platforms. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. Results: Approximately 11 016 individuals participated in this study. The participants' overall knowledge score indicated poor knowledge about monkeypox. Most of the participants knew the causative organism (66.7%). However, numerous participants were not aware of the disease mode of transmission, symptoms, complications, and vaccination. Participants' awareness was mostly gained from social media (61.8%). The majority predicted acquiring monkeypox when protective measures are not taken (72.7%), progression to a pandemic with economic consequences (50.8 and 52%, respectively), and the ability of the Ministry of Health to control the epidemic (51.5%). Conclusion: In the Middle East, public knowledge about monkeypox is poor. Raising awareness about monkeypox would be of benefit in controlling the epidemic. This study constitutes evidence upon which health education programs could be designed.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography utilisation and outcomes in the first advanced endoscopy centre in Palestine at Al-Ahli Hospital: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utilisation and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, success rates, incidence and risk factors for procedural-related complications in a single centre-based study. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: First advanced tertiary endoscopy centre in Palestine. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1909 procedures on 1303 patients were included in the analysis: females were 57.9% of the cases (n=755), 1225 patients (94%) were from West Bank and Jerusalem and 78 (6%) were from Gaza Strip. All patients who underwent ERCP throughout the period from December 2017 to September 2022 were selected to participate in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes of interest in our analysis were success rates, procedural outcomes and post- procedural complications including pancreatitis, bleeding and others. Two multivariate logistic regression models were performed to calculate the risk of post-ERCP complications and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in patients with certain risk factors like demographic factors, procedural techniques' variation, pancreatic duct manipulations and others. We also discussed the management of the failed procedures. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 5%, including PEP (n=43, 2.3%), infection/cholangitis (n=20, 1%), bleeding (n=9, 0.5%) and perforation (n=7, 0.4%). The mortality rate was 0.6% (n=11). Risk factors for adverse events included pancreatic duct cannulation and PEP (p<0.001, OR=3.64). Additionally, younger patients (≤45) were found to carry a higher risk for PEP when compared with older patients (≥65) (p=0.023, OR=2.84). In comparison with sphincterotomy, the double-wire technique was associated with a higher risk of complications (p=0.033, OR=2.29). CONCLUSIONS: We summarised the utilisation and outcomes of ERCP among the Palestinian population in the first advanced centre in Palestine. Cannulation success rates are similar to the established standards and are acceptable compared with other centres worldwide. Perioperative complication rates of ERCP remain infrequent, and death is quite unusual and thus considered a safe procedure.

Breast cancer knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among Palestinian female, West Bank: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently discovered tumor in women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a helpful screening method that gives women more control over their bodies by educating them about the structures of their breasts and assisting in the early detection of any developing breast abnormalities. The purpose of this research was to assess Palestinian girls' degree of BSE awareness and practice. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to gauge participants' knowledge about BC and associated topics. Through an online survey, all girls above the age of 20 are encouraged to take part in the study. Female university students at academic levels I, II, III, and IV in Palestine were also invited to participate in the study by way of an online survey. Results: The study included 467 female participants, with 69% of the individuals being single. The majority of females (68.7%) scored poorly on knowledge of BC disease (possible risk, methods of detection, methods of diagnosis, methods of treatment, signs and symptoms, information about mammography, and other knowledge questions), whereas only 31.7% scored well. Conclusion: BC, which is thought to be the most common malignant development among them and the second leading cause of cancer mortality, is one of the issues that women in the West Bank face. Screening methods are crucial for the early detection of BC and for lowering disease-related morbidity and mortality. It has been advised that starting at age 20, every woman should take the BSE.