[PRIMARY VAGINAL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA--A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW FROM THE LITERATURE].

Primary vaginal non-Hodgkin lymphoma is really uncommon disease. We describe a 71 year old woman with primary vaginal non-Hodgkin lymphoma to whom was made a standart chimiotherapy after diagnosis. Tumor recurrence was not detected for the last 2 years.

[Leiomyosarcoma of the vagina: a case report and review from the literature].

Leiomiosarcoma of the vagina is a very rare condition and that is why there is no standard treatment of this disease. We describe a 35 year old woman with vaginal leiomyosarcoma to whom was accomplished a complete surgical treatment and no postoperative radiation or chimiotherapy. Tumor recurrence was not detected for the last 6 months.

[Morphologically qnd immunohistochemically based screening criteria for selection of patients with possible mutation of BRCA1 gene in primary ovarian cancer].

UNLABELLED: SUMMARY AND AIM: Breast cancer (BC) and Ovarian cancer (OC) are some of the most common cancers affecting women. Environmental factors and genetic alterations are involved in the etiology of both cancers. The main susceptibility genes that predisposed to BC and OC are BRCA1 (BReast CAncer 1) and BRCA 2 (BReast CAncer 2). Those of BC and OC which are due to germline mutation in BRCA 1/2 are defined as hereditary. Because of the expensiveness of genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1 we aimed to select patients with ovarian cancer suitable for genetic testing, on the base of certain morphological and immunohistochemical criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective analysis of 29 cases with serous papillary OC, taken from the archives of the Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital "Dr. G. Stranski" Pleven. We performed morphological assessment and subsequent immunohistochemical study with antibodies against p53, anti BRCA1 and anti proliferative marker Ki-67. RESULTS: Nineteen (65.52%) of all 29 cases were found with loss of immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1 and we defined them as suitable for genetic testing of BRCA1 mutations. CONCLUSION: A set of morphological and immunohistochemical criteria allows screening of women that should be referred for genetic testing, as it is expensive, and the incidence of BRCA1 mutations in the general population is very low.

[Vaginal leiomyoma--a case report and review of the literature].

Vaginal leiomyoma is rare condition. We present a case of 47 years old patient, diagnosed and treated in our clinic.

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in endometrial cancer--our experience].

PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of a method described for the first time by Altgassen et al. of labeling sentinel lymph nodes in patients with endometrial cancer using blue dye. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 4 ml of blue dye was administreted in 12 patients with endometrial cancer subserosaly at eigth sites. After 10 min sentinel lymph nodes were harvested. RESULTS: Detection rate was 91.6%., In only one patient there was no detection of sentinel lymph node and in one patient the sentinel lymph node was marked only in one hemipelvis. CONCLUSIONS: This method for detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with endometrial cancer is promising, fast and easy to implement, but need to conduct additional studies to become part of the standard for the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in endometrial cancer--a part of modern operative treatment].

After brest cancer the endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy. The lymphno destatus is with great prognostic value. There is no agreement for the therapeutic valuae and the contents of the lymph node desectionin early stages. That is why the sentinel lymph node biopsy is a part of modern operative treatment of endometrial cancer.

[Investigation of S100A1 expression in normal ovarian tissues].

The S100 protein family includes low-molecular weight (16-26 kDa) calcium-binding proteins. During the last decade data demonstrating the increased S100A 1 expression in several types of tumors was published. The authors of the basic studies, concerning the role of S100A1 expression in ovarian carcinomas emphasize the insignificant rate of S100A1 expression in normal ovarian tissues. So far the SI00A1 expression in ovarian tissues is based on tissue microarrays in limited number of cases. In order to be useful as biomarker for malignancy, S100A1 expression should be unequivocally negative or low in normal ovarian tissues. In order to ensure the application of S100A1 as biomarker for malignancy, a more detailed information on its' expression in normal ovarian structures is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of S100A1 using immunohistochemical method in morphologically normal ovarian. Tissue samples from 40 ovaries were retrospectively studied. Immunohistochemical staining for S1001A1 was preformed in accordance to standard laboratory protocol. The immunopositivity was evaluated and interpreted in the context of the histomorphological findings in the analyzed ovarian tissues. Some benign (normal) ovarian tissue components were found to be S100A1 positive. Immunopositive in normal ovaries was found in: nerves and nerve endings, cells of rete ovarii, granulosa cells of follicular cysts, granulosa-lutein cells of corpus luteum, and corpus luteal cyst and in the granulosa cells in mature follicles. Immunopositivity in those cases was cytoplasmic, nuclear, or cytoplasmic/nuclear. Intensity of nuclear staining was found to vary from weak/moderate to high. Inclusion epithelial cysts were found to be negative for S100A1. The immunohistochemial staining for S100A1 in benign ovarian tissues may be useful for differentiating follicular from inclusion cysts (which have limited if any clinical importance). More importantly, the present study demonstrated expression of S100A1 in several normal tissue structures, which positivity would lead to very low levels of specificity of S100A1 if used as indicator for malignancy.