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1.
Stress ; 11(5): 398-410, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18609307

RESUMO

Gestational cocaine treatment results in significantly increased maternal aggression towards an intruder by postpartum day six, while acute postpartum treatment dose dependently decreases maternal aggressive (MA) behavior. Both increased and decreased aggression in the cocaine-treated dams are correlated with either decreased or increased levels of oxytocin in the amygdala, respectively. The current study was an effort to determine whether the effect of gestational cocaine on maternal aggression is transient or would continue into the postpartum period; whether an intermittent cocaine treatment regimen, which incorporates gestational and postpartum intermittent cocaine treatment, would differ from chronic daily gestational treatment; and finally, whether next generation female offspring of cocaine-treated or control dams would have altered MA behavior and oxytocin system changes attributable to either prenatal drug exposure, rearing condition or both. We now report no increase in maternal aggression following chronic gestational treatment and significantly lower levels of aggression in intermittently treated dams on postpartum day eight, with no significant effects in either group on postpartum day 12. Young adult female offspring of the cocaine-treated and control dams, who reared their own natural litters and were tested on postpartum day eight for maternal aggression, had higher levels of maternal aggression towards an intruder attributable to both prenatal cocaine exposure and rearing condition. Higher aggression in cocaine-reared next generation dams was associated with lower levels of oxytocin in the amygdala. Intergenerational effects of cocaine were apparent with respect to aggression and oxytocin system changes.


Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Cocaína/farmacologia , Comportamento Materno/efeitos dos fármacos , Período Pós-Parto , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Animais , Química Encefálica , Cocaína/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , Ocitocina/fisiologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
2.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav ; 81(4): 769-85, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15996723

RESUMO

Studies using dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists or antagonists implicate involvement of these systems in various aspects of early maternal behavior and postpartum aggression towards an intruder in rats, both of which are associated with the presence of oxytocin in specific brain regions. It is unclear however, if or how long-term uptake inhibition of either neurotransmitter system alone or in combination, affects oxytocin system dynamics or maternal behavior/aggression. Pregnant women frequently take drugs (antidepressants, cocaine) that induce long-term reuptake inhibition of dopamine and/or serotonin, thus it is important to understand these effects on behavior and biochemistry. Rat dams were treated throughout gestation with amfonelic acid, fluoxetine, or a combination of both, to investigate effects of reuptake inhibition of dopamine and serotonin systems respectively, on maternal behavior, aggression and oxytocin. The more appetitive aspects of maternal behavior (nesting, licking, touching) and activity were increased by the low dose of amfonelic acid, high dose of fluoxetine, or the high dose combination more than other treatments. Aggression was decreased by amfonelic acid and somewhat increased by fluoxetine. Dopamine uptake inhibition appears to have a strong effect on hippocampal oxytocin levels, while receptor dynamics may be more strongly affected by serotonin uptake inhibition.


Assuntos
Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/farmacologia , Comportamento Materno/efeitos dos fármacos , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Fluoxetina/farmacologia , Masculino , Ácido Nalidíxico/análogos & derivados , Naftiridinas/farmacologia , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
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