Safety in Chemical and Biomedical Laboratories: Guidelines for the Use of Head Covers by Female Muslim Scientists.

Introduction: Personal protective equipment (PPE) complements the safety measures required for working in various laboratories. The main purpose of PPE is to limit the exposure of laboratory personnel and the environment to hazardous chemicals and biological materials. Despite the wide acceptance of PPE, limited accommodation exists for customization of these items based on personal or cultural preferences. Discussion: This article describes the basic recommendations and specifications for Muslim women's head covers as a part of PPE requirements in chemical and biological laboratories. Conclusions: These guidelines will significantly help safety professionals, laboratorians, and teachers to plan accordingly and customize PPE that will not only be safe but also fit the needs of scientists of varying cultural backgrounds.

Methyl bromide fumigant lethal to Bacillus anthracis spores.

Methyl bromide (MB), an agricultural fumigant used in the United States, is capable of reducing or eliminating Bacillis anthracis spores. In the event of a bioterrorist attack, MB might serve as an excellent decontaminating agent because it leaves no residue and does not damage furnishings and commodities.

A selective chromogenic agar that distinguishes Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.

A selective and differential plating medium, R & F anthracis chromogenic agar (ACA), has been developed for isolating and identifying presumptive colonies of Bacillus anthracis. ACA contains the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-choline phosphate that upon hydrolysis yields teal (blue green) colonies indicating the presence of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity. Among seven Bacillus species tested on ACA, only members of the Bacillus cereus group (B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis) produced teal colonies (PC-PLC positive) having cream rings. Examination of colony morphology in 18 pure culture strains of B. anthracis (15 ATCC strains plus AMES-1-RIID, ANR-1, and AMED-RIID), with one exception, required 48 h at 35 to 37 degrees C for significant color production, whereas only 24 h was required for B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. This differential rate of PC-PLC synthesis in B. anthracis (due to the truncated plcR gene and PlcR regulator in B. anthracis) allowed for the rapid differentiation on ACA of presumptive colonies of B. anthracis from B. cereus and B. thuringiensis in both pure and mixed cultures. Effective recovery of B. anthracis from a variety of matrices having both high (soil and sewage) and low microbial backgrounds (cloth, paper, and blood) spiked with B. anthracis ANR-1 spores suggests the probable utility of ACA plating for B. anthracis recovery in a diversity of applications.