Understanding Adolescent Gynecological Issues: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is a crucial phase in a woman's life, as it signifies the beginning of her reproductive journey. During this time, there are notable variations in sexual development and a sense of caution that can present challenges for healthcare providers. The rationale for studying adolescent gynecological problems lies in the need to understand and address the unique reproductive health challenges faced by young girls. By investigating these issues, researchers and healthcare professionals can develop effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and treatment of gynecological conditions in adolescents. This knowledge is crucial for promoting the overall well-being and reproductive health of young girls, ensuring they receive appropriate care and support during this critical stage of development. This study focuses on identifying the most common gynecological issues in teenagers, exploring the root causes, examining the available treatment options, and understanding how they are managed at a tertiary care facility.  Methods: This cross-sectional observational study took place at a tertiary care center and focused on gynecological issues in adolescent females who sought care at the gynecology department from January 2016 to December 2022. The study participants were categorized into three groups: early adolescence (10-13 years), middle adolescence (14-16 years), and late adolescence (17-19 years) for analysis. Ethical approval was obtained for this hospital-based research, which involved examining, investigating, and treating the study participants. RESULTS: Out of the 49,700 new female patients, 2000 (4.02%) fell within the specified age range. The average age of the participants was 16.87±2.16, and the majority of them sought help for menstrual issues (63.45%), followed by abdominal discomfort (15.6%) and vaginal discharge (7.2%). Menstrual disorders were the most common concern, with dysmenorrhea and puberty menorrhagia being prevalent issues. Abdominal pain was caused by various factors, such as urinary tract infections, ovarian tumors, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and endometrial tuberculosis. The majority of cases were treated conservatively, with only a small percentage requiring surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: The significance of early detection and intervention in addressing gynecological issues among adolescents is highlighted in the findings of this research, underscoring the necessity for specialized healthcare services that cater to the specific needs of this demographic. Adolescent gynecology plays a crucial role in safeguarding the reproductive health and overall well-being of young women, emphasizing the importance of seeking assistance proactively.

Impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on quality of life of women in correlation to age, basal metabolic index, education and marriage.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the major endocrine related disorder in young age women. Physical appearance, menstrual irregularity as well as infertility are considered as a sole cause of mental distress affecting health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This prospective case-control study was conducted among 100 PCOS and 200 healthy control cases attending tertiary care set up of AIIMS, Patna during year 2017 and 2018. Pre-validated questionnaires like Short Form Health survey-36 were used for evaluating impact of PCOS in women. Multivariate analysis was applied for statistical analysis. In PCOS cases, socioeconomic status was comparable in comparison to healthy control. But, PCOS cases showed significantly decreased HRQOL. The higher age of menarche, irregular/delayed menstrual history, absence of child, were significantly altered in PCOS cases than control. Number of child, frequency of pregnancy, and miscarriage were also observed higher in PCOS cases. Furthermore, in various category of age, BMI, educational status and marital status, significant differences were observed in the different domain of SF-36 between PCOS and healthy control. Altogether, increased BMI, menstrual irregularities, educational status and marital status play a major role in altering HRQOL in PCOS cases and psychological care must be given during patient care.

Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: The Lurking Danger in Post Cesarean Failed Medical Abortion.

Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a potentially life threatening ectopic pregnancy where a missed diagnosis is commoner than an accurate diagnosis. Incidence of Ectopic pregnancy is 1 - 2 % and cesarean scar ectopic occurs in about (0.05%) 1 in 2000 of all pregnancies. With increasing cesarean section rates worldwide, CSP is bound to increase with its dreaded complications like uterine rupture and catastrophic hemorrhage. Three patients misdiagnosed as incomplete miscarriages in post cesarean pregnancies in other centers were found to be CSP in Gynaecology department of a tertiary level hospital. All three patients were managed successfully, two surgically and one medically.