RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several commercial and academic autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products targeting CD19 have been approved in Europe for relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, high-grade B-cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. Products for other diseases such as multiple myeloma and follicular lymphoma are likely to be approved by the European Medicines Agency in the near future. DESIGN: The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)-Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE) and the European Haematology Association collaborated to draft best practice recommendations based on the current literature to support health care professionals in delivering consistent, high-quality care in this rapidly moving field. RESULTS: Thirty-six CAR-T experts (medical, nursing, pharmacy/laboratory) assembled to draft recommendations to cover all aspects of CAR-T patient care and supply chain management, from patient selection to long-term follow-up, post-authorisation safety surveillance and regulatory issues. CONCLUSIONS: We provide practical, clinically relevant recommendations on the use of these high-cost, logistically complex therapies for haematologists/oncologists, nurses and other stakeholders including pharmacists and health sector administrators involved in the delivery of CAR-T in the clinic.
Assuntos
Hematologia , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Acreditação , Adulto , Medula Óssea , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos TRESUMO
Cell and gene therapy as part of immuno-oncology has reached an important milestone in medicine. After decades of experience stem cell transplantation is well established with worldwide >1 million transplantations to date. Due to the improved success of the last years using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for CD19 positive leukemia and lymphomas, the interest in cellular therapies is continuously increasing. The current review also gives a short overview about donor lymphocytes, antigen-specific T cells, regulatory T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mesenchymal stromal cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in immuno-oncology.
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Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Neoplasias , Humanos , Células Matadoras Naturais , Neoplasias/terapia , Linfócitos TRESUMO
DCs are potent APCs and key regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. After allo-SCT, their reconstitution in the peripheral blood (PB) to levels similar to those in healthy individuals tends to be slow. We investigate the age- and sex-dependant immune reconstitution of myeloid (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in the PB of 45 children with leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (aged 1-17 years, median 10) after allo-SCT with regard to relapse, acute GVHD (aGVHD) and relapse-free survival. Low pDC/µL PB up to day 60 post SCT are associated with higher incidence of moderate or severe aGVHD (P=0.035), whereas high pDC/µL PB up to day 60 are associated with higher risk of relapse (P<0.001). The time-trend of DCs/µL PB for days 0-200 is a significant predictor of relapse-free survival for both mDCs (P<0.001) and pDCs (P=0.020). Jointly modelling DC reconstitution and complications improves on these simple criteria. Compared with BM, PBSC transplants tend to show slower mDC/pDC reconstitution (P=0.001, 0.031, respectively), but have no direct effect on relapse-free survival. These results suggest an important role for both mDCs and pDCs in the reconstituting immune system. The inclusion of mDCs and pDCs may improve existing models for complication prediction following allo-SCT.
Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Leucemia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Aloenxertos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Humanos , Leucemia/imunologia , Leucemia/mortalidade , Leucemia/terapia , Masculino , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/imunologia , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/mortalidade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/terapia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
To obtain estimates for the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ducks and geese in Germany, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were established based on affinity-purified T. gondii tachyzoite surface antigen 1 (TgSAG1) and used to examine duck and goose sera for T. gondii-specific antibodies. The results of 186 sera from 60 non-infected ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and 101 sera from 36 non-infected geese (Anser anser) as well as 72 sera from 11 ducks and 89 sera from 12 geese inoculated experimentally with T. gondii tachyzoites (intravenously) or oocysts (orally) and positive in a T. gondii immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) were used to select a cut-off value for the TgSAG1-ELISA. Sera obtained by serial bleeding of experimentally inoculated ducks and geese were tested to analyze the time course of anti-TgSAG1 antibodies after inoculation and to assess the sensitivity of the assays in comparison with IFAT. In ducks, IFAT titres and ELISA indices peaked 2 and 5 weeks p.i with tachyzoites, respectively. Only three of six geese inoculated with tachyzoites at the same time as the ducks elicited a low and non-permanent antibody response as detected by the IFAT. In the TgSAG1-ELISA, only a slight increase of the ELISA indices was observed in four of six tachyzoite-inoculated geese. By contrast, inoculation of ducks and geese with oocysts led to an increase in anti-TgSAG1 antibodies within 1 or 2 weeks, which were still detectable at the end of the observation period, i.e. 11 weeks p.i. Inoculation of three ducks and three geese with oocysts of Hammondia hammondi, a protozoon closely related to T. gondii, resulted in a transient seroconversion in ducks and geese as measured by IFAT or TgSAG1-ELISA. Using the newly established TgSAG1-ELISA, sera from naturally exposed ducks and geese sampled in the course of a monitoring program for avian influenza were examined for antibodies to T. gondii; 145/2534 (5.7%) of the ducks and 94/373 (25.2%) of the geese had antibodies against TgSAG1. Seropositive animals were detected on 20 of 61 duck and in 11 of 13 goose farms; the seroprevalences within positive submissions of single farms ranged from 2.2% to 78.6%. Farms keeping ducks or geese exclusively indoors had a significantly lower risk (odds ratio 0.05, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.3) of harboring serologically positive animals as compared with farms where the animals had access to an enclosure outside the barn.
Assuntos
Patos , Gansos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Antígenos de Protozoários , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes Sorológicos , ToxoplasmaRESUMO
We present a clinical scale method for immunomagnetic separation of CD56+ donor natural killer cells for adoptive immunotherapy of pediatric leukemias after allogeneic transplantation. This time-saving and partially automated procedure employed CD56+ selection followed by CD3+ depletion, resulting in a median purity of 98.6% NK cells and a four-log depletion of T cells. The enriched NK cells demonstrated high cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells and fresh leukemic blasts with low HLA class I expression, which could be further enhanced by IL-2 stimulation. Lysis of NK-insensitive leukemic cells with high HLA class I expression could also be demonstrated via ADCC. Due to the high degree of T cell depletion, alloreactive proliferation in mixed lymphocyte cultures and response to T cell-specific mitogen stimulation was profoundly decreased. Our results suggest that, even in the case of mismatched donors, infusions of donor NK cells with extremely low T cell content may be a promising treatment option for leukemic minimal residual disease after allogeneic transplantation without risk of inducing severe GVHD.
Assuntos
Antígeno CD56/biossíntese , Separação Imunomagnética , Depleção Linfocítica , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Criança , Testes Imunológicos de Citotoxicidade , Humanos , Separação Imunomagnética/métodos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Leucaférese/métodos , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Depleção Linfocítica/métodos , Mitógenos/farmacologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/transplante , Linfócitos T/transplante , Doadores de Tecidos , Transplante Homólogo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Metastatic spread to the ipsilateral adrenal gland occurs in 1.2-10% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the majority of these cases, the primary tumor is locally advanced with poor differentiation, venous invasion, and involvement of the regional lymph nodes. Adrenal metastases are usually detected preoperatively by CT scan or MRI. Adrenal metastases are indicators of systemic disease with poor prognosis quo ad vitam. Only 0.5-2.3% of patients with RCC and adrenal metastases are free of venous invasion or lymphatic disease. In this small subset of patients, cure is possible by surgical removal of the adrenal gland. In 97.7-99.5% of patients with RCC, ipsilateral adrenalectomy has no impact on their prognosis. We therefore conclude that this procedure should be performed only if there is radiological suspicion of an adrenal mass.
Assuntos
Adrenalectomia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Humanos , Rim/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Procedimentos DesnecessáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To reevaluate the submucosally embedded in situ appendix as continence mechanism in a large single institutional series of ileocecal urinary reservoirs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between November 1990 and June 1999 an ileocecal reservoir with appendico-umbilical stoma was created in 118 patients (84 men, 34 women) aged 3.9-82.7 (mean 56.8) years as a primary urinary diversion or after failure of previous reconstruction. The most common indication for urinary diversion was bladder replacement after anterior exenteration for pelvic malignancies (n = 98), followed by functional or morphological bladder loss due to various benign conditions. The patients were followed prospectively according to a standard protocol. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths. In 3 patients necrosis of the appendix resulted in total incontinence with subsequent replacement by an intussuscepted ileal nipple. Impaired catheterization due to stomal stenosis was observed in 19 patients with recurrence in 6 and a total of 25 minor revisions. With a mean follow-up of 60 months all patients are continent day and night. CONCLUSION: Over 10 years, the submucosally embedded in situ appendix has survived as a continence mechanism in the original technique reliably providing continence in ileocecal reservoirs.
Assuntos
Apêndice/cirurgia , Derivação Urinária/métodos , Coletores de Urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/complicações , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Urodinâmica , Vitamina B 12/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We prospectively assessed the safety of kidney transplantation into continent urinary intestinal reservoirs as a planned two-stage procedure in patients with absent or dysfunctional lower urinary tract. METHODS: Between November 1990 and June 1999, 12 patients have undergone renal transplantation into continent urinary reservoirs, and a further patient with a diversion is awaiting transplantation. This was part of a larger series of 356 patients who had undergone continent diversions during that period. A further 174 patients (33%) had diversions into ileal conduits. FINDINGS: Within a mean follow-up of 26.1 months (5-72) after transplantation renal function was stable with serum creatinine values ranging from 0.9 to 1.8 mg/dl. There were 5 reoperations in the 12 patients (40%). Two patients needed their continence mechanism replaced. One had renal vein thrombosis with loss of the transplant. The cause for this was unknown but it had been speculated that it could have been caused by graft/body size disproportion. A second kidney was successfully transplanted after 12 months. Two further revisions were required for ureteric kinking and lymphocele. The patient with orthotopic substitution voids to completion. The other patients are continent day and night with easy catheterization. INTERPRETATION: This is one of the largest single series reported to date of renal transplantation into continent urinary diversions, and we commend the approach in carefully selected patients, but the difficulties must not be underestimated and the specific problems of intestinal urinary reservoirs have to be reckoned with. These procedures should be confined to centers with considerable experience with this type of surgery and its complications. Lifelong close surveillance is critical for the success of this concept.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim/métodos , Derivação Urinária/métodos , Coletores de Urina/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação , Segurança , Derivação Urinária/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/patologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/patologia , Neoplasias Urogenitais/patologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/etiologia , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/terapia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/etiologia , Segunda Neoplasia Primária/terapia , Neoplasias Urogenitais/etiologia , Neoplasias Urogenitais/terapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyse, in a retrospective study, the oncological outcome, pouch-related complications, continence and micturition after radical cystoprostatectomy combined with Mainz pouch orthotopic bladder substitution to the urethra for the treatment of bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1986 and 1996, three urological departments contributed 108 male patients to the review. The same exclusion criteria from orthotopic bladder substitution were applied by all centres, i.e. multifocal or concomitant carcinoma in situ, tumour at the bladder neck, positive biopsy from the prostatic urethra, locally advanced tumour and lymph node involvement. In all, 103 patients were evaluable for follow-up, with a mean (range) follow-up of 42 (3-132) months. RESULTS: Pathological examination of the cystectomy specimen revealed 81% organ-confined tumours. During follow-up, 84% of patients remained free of tumour, 7% developed distant metastases, 5% local recurrences, 4% urethral recurrences, and 1% upper tract urothelial cancer; 85% of patients are capable of spontaneous voiding, with a mean pouch capacity of 720 mL. Daytime continence was achieved in 88%, including 17% wearing one safety pad; 9% had stress incontinence and 3% total incontinence; 67% could sleep through the night, with either complete continence (34%) or one safety pad (33%). Nocturnal incontinence occurred in 11%. Uretero-intestinal stenosis occurred in 15 of 205 (7%) renal units, requiring ureteric reimplantations in 11, nephrectomy in three and antegrade dilatation in one. Reflux was not noted in any patient. About half the patients were on anti-acidotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The large bowel segment in the Mainz-pouch technique of orthotopic bladder substitution provides good reservoir capacity and continence rates, with less ileum used than in all-ileum pouches. The surgical technique is simple and reproducible, and in particular the antireflux ureteric implantation into the caecum protects the upper urinary tracts.
Assuntos
Cistectomia/métodos , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Cistectomia/efeitos adversos , Cistectomia/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Prostatectomia/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia , Coletores de Urina/fisiologia , Micção/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report experience with the revived surgical concept of ureterosigmoidostomy in its low pressure modification and to discuss its value within the current spectrum of urinary diversion. METHODS: Between February 1992 and September 1997 modified ureterosigmoidostomy (rectosigmoid pouch; Mainz pouch II) was performed in 34 patients aged 1.9-76.9 (mean 55.8) years as a primary urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (n = 30) and benign conditions (bladder exstrophy, three patients; intractable urinary incontinence, one). All patients were followed prospectively according to a standard protocol including assessment of continence, renal function and acid-base balance. RESULTS: There were no perioperative deaths. In one patient dislocation of a ureteral stent in the early postoperative course required insertion of a percutaneous nephrostomy. All patients were continent during the day. One patient experienced night-time incontinence but rejected a conversion procedure. In one case ureterosigmoidostomy was replaced by an ileal conduit after several episodes of septicaemia. One nephrectomy was performed for ureterointestinal obstruction. Mild hyperchloraemic acidosis was seen in two patients. CONCLUSION: Bowel frequency and urge incontinence, the major weaknesses of classical ureterosigmoidostomy, can be overcome by detubularization of the rectum. As the modified procedure is quick, safe and easy to perform with highly satisfactory results, the rectosigmoid pouch has potential in reconstructive urology.
Assuntos
Colo Sigmoide/transplante , Ureter/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Derivação Urinária/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Extrofia Vesical/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Incontinência Urinária/cirurgia , Coletores de UrinaRESUMO
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common condition in children. It may cause and maintain urinary tract infections, eventually leading to progressive renal damage and end-stage renal disease. Ideally, VUR should be detected and treated before renal scarring occurs. Although fetal hydronephrosis on antenatal ultrasound may be the first indicator, the role of further diagnostic investigations in these newborns is still controversial. Because VUR is an inherited condition, offspring of women with a family history of VUR and urinary tract infection should be screened closely for early detection of VUR. Once diagnosed, however, the optimal management of VUR (i.e. medical or surgical treatment) remains controversial. Evidence-based treatment recommendations, like the American Urological Association guidelines, may aid physicians in their therapeutic decision making, but cannot replace personal experience or surgical skill.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: We compared the incidence, treatment and outcome of complications related to different continence mechanisms in a single institutional series of continent urinary diversions using an ileocecal reservoir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 1990 through October 1996 in 193 consecutive cases an ileocecal pouch (Mainz I) was used as a low pressure, high capacity reservoir. A submucosally embedded in situ appendix was used in 96 patients (mean age 57.2 years, mean followup 35.6 months) and an ileal intussusception valve was used in 106 (mean age 58.4, mean followup 33.1 months). Without exception the stoma was placed in the umbilicus. RESULTS: In 172 patients (85.2%) no stoma related complication was observed. In 17 patients (17.7%) with appendix stoma 23 reinterventions were performed, for appendico-umbilical stenosis in all but 2 cases (15.6%), occurring after a mean of 20.4 months. Two complete appendix necroses required replacement by ileal nipple. Stomal stenoses could be corrected as minor outpatient procedures. In 13 of 106 patients (12.3%) with intussuscepted ileal nipple a second operation became necessary after a mean interval of 9.6 months (partial/complete necrosis of nipple in 4 cases, dislocation of nipple from ileocecal valve in 3, detachment from fascia in 4 and stomal stenosis in 2). Whereas no calculi were observed in the appendix group, stones had to be removed from 3 patients (2.8%) with ileal nipple. CONCLUSIONS: In situ appendix and intussuscepted ileal valve techniques are satisfactory in providing ileocecal reservoir continence. Besides the known advantages of the appendix as the primary reconstructive approach, the treatment of subsequent complications is simple. Therefore, whenever an appropriate appendix is encountered it should be the intestinal segment of choice in forming a continence mechanism.
Assuntos
Coletores de Urina/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ceco/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Seguimentos , Humanos , Doenças do Íleo/epidemiologia , Doenças do Íleo/etiologia , Doenças do Íleo/terapia , Íleo/cirurgia , Incidência , Intussuscepção/epidemiologia , Intussuscepção/etiologia , Intussuscepção/terapia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Now that creation of continent urinary reservoirs has become a standardized and clinically well established surgical technique with known morbidity and mortality rates, we reassessed the psychological and social aspects of this treatment compared with wet urostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a questionnaire (102 items) addressing general aspects of quality of life, disease related social support, coping strategies and stoma related issues. It was mailed to 600 patients with ileal conduits and 130 with continent reservoirs. Final analysis was restricted to 192 patients operated upon within the last 5 years (mean followup 2.7 years). RESULTS: The resulting groups were matched and paralleled regarding most treatment related and sociodemographic data. Final analysis did not reveal differences between the groups in disease related social support, coping strategies or quality of life when expressed as a total score. We found statistically significant superiority of continent reservoirs regarding all stoma related items, patient global self-assessment of their quality of life (single item, p < 0.005), physical strength, mental capacity, leisure time activities and social competence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Continent diversion is clearly advantageous with respect to all items directly related to the stoma. The significant superiority of continent diversion in patient global self-assessment of their quality of life reflects the highly subjective dimension of the concept. Superiority in self-ratings of physical strength, mental capacity, leisure time activities and social competence could be interpreted as indicators of enhanced vitality in those patients, thus, supporting our understanding that women and men who actively participate in life have a special benefit from continent reservoirs.
Assuntos
Cistectomia , Qualidade de Vida , Derivação Urinária/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The accumulation of intracellular cytosine arabinoside-5'-triphosphate (Ara-CTP) is determined in five lymphoblastic cell lines: Molt 4, H9 and three newly established cell lines from paediatric patients, KFB-1, KFB-2, KFT-1. The cell lines KFB-1 and KFB-2 are B-lymphoblastic (B-ALL), the others are T-lymphoblastic leukaemic cells (T-ALL). The Ara-CTP levels were compared with the sensitivity of the cells to Ara-C. The cells were incubated at different concentrations (100 nM-100 microM) of Ara-C for 4 h or incubated for variable times (30 min-11 h) at 0.1, 1 and 10 microM Ara-C to form Ara-CTP. The Ara-CTP-concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). To determine the sensitivity of the cells to Ara-C, the MTT colorimetric-assay was used. The studies indicate that different B- and T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines accumulate Ara-CTP to a markedly different extent. Ara-CTP plateau levels and sensitivity of the cells to Ara-C correlated well in four of the five cells lines studied.
Assuntos
Arabinofuranosilcitosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Leucemia Linfoide/metabolismo , Criança , Citarabina/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Fatores de Tempo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/metabolismoRESUMO
A unique case was recently encountered involving the synchronous presentation of five primary malignancies of different histology. Malignant neoplasms of the colon, kidney, prostate and bladder were treated surgically. Bladder was affected by two separate tumours: a transitional cell carcinoma and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The latter constitutes an extremely rare malignant lesion of the organ. The pathologic characteristics, histogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment considerations of this soft tissue sarcoma, and the incidence, terminology and incriminating factors of multiple primary malignant neoplasms, as well as their association with the genitourinary system are reviewed.
Assuntos
Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno/cirurgia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
We report on the case of a 31-year-old male patient with focal testicular vasculitis as the only clinical manifestation of endangiitis obliterans (Winiwarter-Buerger disease), who presented with acute scrotal pain and swelling suggestive of a testicular tumor. Doppler sonography revealed significantly increased vascularization at the borders of the lesion, which rather indicated a vascular process; however, the presence of solid areas meant that the possibility of testicular cancer could not be excluded. Left inguinal orchiectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed histological patterns compatible with endangiitis obliterans; Raynaud phenomenon was the only sign of systemic disease, and no other organs were found to be affected. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound/Doppler sonography, in the differential diagnosis of an unexplained testicular mass surgical exploration is still mandatory. The different types of focal vasculitis are described and discussed with reference to the literature.