The neuroprotective effect of exogen melatonin upon fetal hippocampus damage caused by high-dose caffeine administration in pregnant rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exogenous melatonin (MEL) mitigates the deleterious effects of high-dose caffeine (CAF) administration in pregnant rats upon the fetal hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 adult Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups after conception (n = 8). At 9-20 days of pregnancy, intraperitoneal (i.p.) MEL was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day in the MEL group, while i.p. CAF was administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day in the CAF group. In the CAF plus MEL group, i.p. CAF and MEL were administered at a dose of 60 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, at the same period. Following extraction of the brains of the fetuses sacrificed on the 21st day of pregnancy, their hippocampal regions were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and Cresyl Echt Violet, anti-GFAP, and antisynaptophysin staining methods. RESULTS: While there was a decrease in fetal and brain weights in the CAF group, it was found that the CAF plus MEL group had a closer weight average to that of the control group. Histologically, it was observed that the pyramidal cell layer consisted of 8-10 layers of cells due to the delay in migration in hippocampal neurons in the CAF group, while the MEL group showed similar characteristics with the control group. It was found that these findings decreased in the CAF plus MEL group. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that high-dose CAF administration causes a delay in neurogenesis of the fetal hippocampus, and exogenous MEL is able to mitigate its deleterious effects.

Wheat germ oil nanoemulsion for oil stability of the cooked fish fillets stored at 4 °C.

Production of wheat germ oil nanoemulsions (WGO), having 114.7 nm average zeta size, 0.144 PD index, 14.76 mV zeta potential value, were successfully carried out. TBARS, FFA, PV, CD, and CT tests, lipid nutritional quality indexes (AI, HH, PI, TI, EPA/DHA, PUFA/SFA, and n3/n6), color measurements, and the changes in sensory quality were studied in cooked mackerel fillets stored at 4 °C for 11 days. WGO nanoemulsion has delayed the increase in TBARS, FFA, PV, CD, and CT values of cooked fish fillets by 36.1%, 20.5%, 32.2%, 37.7%, and 68.4%, respectively. The changes in lipid nutritional quality indexes, b* value and sensory quality of cooked fish fillets treated with WGO nanoemulsions were found to be more stable. The oil quality of the cooked fish fillets treated with WGO nanoemulsions was successfully protected because of WGO loaded nanoemulsions provided a larger contact area on the surface of the fish fillets.