RESUMO
This paper presents the effect of end groups, chain structure, and stereocomplexation on the microparticle and nanoparticle morphology and thermal properties of the supramolecular triblock copolyesters. Therefore, the series of the triblock copolymers composed of l,l- and d,d-lactide, trimethylene carbonate (TMC), and ε-caprolactone (CL) with isopropyl ( iPr) or 2-ureido-4-[1 H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) end groups at both chain ends were synthesized. In addition, these copolymers were intermoleculary stereocomplexed by polylactide (PLA) blocks with an opposite configuration of repeating units to promote their self-assembly in various organic solvents. The combination of two noncovalent interactions of the end groups and PLA enantiomeric chains leads to stronger interactions between macromolecules and allows for alteration of their segmental mobility. The simple tuning of the copolymer microstructure and functionality induced the self-assembly of macromolecules at liquid/liquid interfaces, which consequently leads to their phase separation in the form of particles with diameters ranging from 0.1 µm to 10 µm. This control is essential for their potential applications in the biomedical field, where biocompatible and well-defined microparticles and nanoparticles are highly desirable.
RESUMO
In the paper we have presented taxonomy of Pneumocystis carinii, the way of infection transmission and risk factors for pneumocystosis. The clinical picture, contemporary treatment and prophylaxis methods, especially in HIV-positive patients have been described too. We have taken into consideration the problem of reinfection and reactivation of pneumocystosis.