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1.
Nutrients ; 15(16)2023 Aug 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37630789

RESUMO

Low phase angle (PhA), as determined via bioelectrical impedance analysis, reflects unhealthy aging and mortality. In this study, we assessed whether nutritional status, including serum nutritional markers and dietary habits, is related to PhA in older individuals. We recruited 212 participants (aged ≥ 65 years) who underwent medical health checkups. PhA was measured using a multi-frequency impedance body composition analyzer. Habitual food and nutrient intake was evaluated using a brief, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Low PhA values were defined as ≤4.95 in males and ≤4.35 in females. Males with low PhA had poor exercise habits (p = 0.0429) and a lower body mass index (p = 0.0024). PhA was significantly correlated with serum cholinesterase levels, a nutritional status marker (r = 0.3313, p = 0.0004 in males; r = 0.3221, p = 0.0070 in females). The low-PhA group had significantly lower total energy and carbohydrate intake per ideal body weight (IBW) than the high-PhA group in males (total energy intake:30.2 ± 9.8 and 34.5 ± 9.3 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.0307; carbohydrate intake:15.2 ± 4.9 and 18.0 ± 5.8 kcal/kg/day, p = 0.0157). Total energy intake per IBW (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.94 [0.89-1.00] per 1 kcal/kg/day increase) was independently associated with a low PhA in males. Our study revealed that lower total energy intake independently impacted low PhA in older males.


Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Estado Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Carboidratos
2.
Nutrients ; 15(5)2023 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36904173

RESUMO

People with fast eating habits have been reported to have an increased risk of diabetes and obesity. To explore whether the speed of eating a test meal (tomato, broccoli, fried fish, and boiled white rice) influences postprandial blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels, 18 young, healthy women consumed a 671 kcal breakfast at fast speed (10 min) and slow speed (20 min) with vegetables first and slow speed (20 min) with carbohydrate first on three separate days. This study was conducted using a within-participants cross-over design in which all participants consumed identical meals of three different eating speeds and food orders. Significant ameliorations of both fast and slow eating with vegetables first regimen on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels at 30 and 60 min were observed compared with those of slow eating with carbohydrates first. In addition, the standard deviation, large amplitude of excursion, and incremental area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin in both fast and slow eating with vegetables first were all significantly lower than those of slow eating with carbohydrate first. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between fast and slow eating on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels as long as vegetables were consumed first, although postprandial blood glucose at 30 min was significantly lower in slow eating with vegetables first than that of fast eating with the same food order. These results suggest that food order with vegetables first and carbohydrate last ameliorates postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations even if the meal was consumed at fast speed.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Comportamento Alimentar , Insulina , Verduras , Estudos Cross-Over , Refeições , Período Pós-Prandial , Humanos , Feminino
3.
Nutrients ; 14(14)2022 Jul 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35889820

RESUMO

The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of 5-year follow-up of dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) on glycemic control in outpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at a primary care clinic. A total of 138 patients with dietitian-led medical nutrition therapy (intervention group) and 104 patients without dietitian-led nutrition therapy (control group) were compared for glycemic control, serum lipid, blood pressure, and diabetic complications for 5 years. Each patient in the intervention group received dietary education focused on food order (eating vegetables before carbohydrates) by dietitians. A significant improvement in HbA1c after 5 years in the intervention group [8.5 ± 1.7% (69 mmol/mol) to 7.6 ± 1.1% (59 mmol/mol), p < 0.001] was observed, whereas no change was observed in the control group [7.9 ± 1.2% (62 mmol/mol) to 8.0 ± 1.2% (63 mmol/mol)]. Dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, cholesterol, and salt in the intervention group demonstrated significant reduction, while the intake of dietary fiber significantly increased after the dietary education. Simple dietary education of 'eating vegetables before carbohydrates' presented by dietitians achieved good glycemic control after a 5-year period in outpatients with T2DM at primary care clinic.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Terapia Nutricional , Nutricionistas , Glicemia/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Controle Glicêmico , Humanos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr ; 30(4): 595-601, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34967188

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the acute effect of switching low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) to high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) on glycemic parameters in healthy women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Twen-ty-two women (age 21.7±4.0 years; HbA1c 5.3±0.3 %, mean±SD) wore flash glucose monitoring system and consumed test meals for 3 days from Day 4 to 6. Participants consumed identical HCD meals except LCD dinner on Day 5. The energy ratio of carbohydrate, fat, and protein were 64%, 21%, and 15% for HCD and 47%, 35%, and 18% for Day 5 with LCD dinner (19%, 59%, and 22%). RESULTS: The incremental glucose peak (IGP, both p<0.001) and incremental area under the curve for glucose (IAUC, both p<0.001) 3h of LCD dinner were all sig-nificantly lower than those of HCD dinner on Day 4 and 6. However, after consuming LCD dinner on Day 5, IGP breakfast (2.33±0.15 vs 1.71±0.15 mmo/L, p<0.01), IGP lunch (3.31±0.25 vs 2.54±0.18 mol/L, p<0.01), IAUC 3h of breakfast (210±18 vs 136±14 mmol/L×min, p<0.001), mean blood glucose (5.72±0.11 vs 5.40±0.11 mmol/L, p<0.01), and standard deviation (1.11±0.06 vs 0.88±0.04 mmol/L, p<0.01) on Day 6 were all signifi-cantly higher than those of corresponding meals before LCD dinner on Day 4, in spite of consuming all identical HCD meals. The glycemic parameters returned to the levels before consuming LCD on Day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming LCD only once is enough to cause 24-h higher postprandial blood glucose concentration in subse-quent consumption of HCD in healthy women.


Assuntos
Automonitorização da Glicemia , Glicemia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta com Restrição de Carboidratos , Feminino , Glucose , Humanos , Insulina , Refeições , Período Pós-Prandial , Adulto Jovem
5.
Nutrients ; 12(9)2020 Sep 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32927895

RESUMO

Epidemiological studies have shown that self-reported fast eating increases the risk of diabetes and obesity. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effect of fast eating on glycemic parameters through conducting a randomized controlled cross-over study with young healthy women. Nineteen healthy women wore a flash glucose monitoring system for 6 days. Each participant consumed identical test meals with a different eating speed of fast eating (10 min) or slow eating (20 min) on the 4th or the 5th day. The daily glycemic parameters were compared between the 2 days. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE; fast eating 3.67 ± 0.31 vs. slow eating 2.67 ± 0.20 mmol/L, p < 0.01), incremental glucose peak (IGP; breakfast 2.30 ± 0.19 vs. 1.71 ± 0.12 mmol/L, p < 0.01, lunch 4.06 ± 0.33 vs. 3.13 ± 0.28 mmol/L, p < 0.01, dinner 3.87 ± 0.38 vs. 2.27 ± 0.27 mmol/L, p < 0.001), and incremental area under the curve for glucose of dinner 2 h (IAUC; 256 ± 30 vs. 128 ± 18 mmol/L × min, p < 0.001) for fast eating were all significantly higher than those for slow eating. The results suggest that fast eating is associated with higher glycemic excursion in healthy women.


Assuntos
Glicemia/análise , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Refeições/fisiologia , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Automonitorização da Glicemia , Estudos Cross-Over , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Obesidade/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
6.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr ; 29(3): 491-497, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32990608

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of consuming tomato juice before carbohydrate on postprandial glucose concentrations in healthy women. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized controlled cross-over study, 25 healthy women (age 21.6±3.8 years, HbA1c 5.3±0.2 %, mean±SD) consumed either 200 g of tomato juice, tomato, or water (control) at 30 min before consuming 200 g of boiled white rice at 9:00 and consumed identical lunch at 13:00 for 3 days. The blood glucose concentrations were measured by selfmonitoring blood glucose at 0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 150, and 210 min pre- and post-breakfast, and at 0, 30, 60, 120, 150, and 180 min pre- and post-lunch. The concentration of postprandial glucose, incremental glucose peak (IGP), and incremental area under the curve for glucose after the test meals were compared among 3 days. RESULTS: Incremental blood glucose concentrations at 60 min (2.32±0.16 vs 2.97±0.19 mmol/L, p<0.05, mean±SEM), 90 min (2.36±0.23 vs 3.23±0.24 mmol/L, p<0.01), and IGP (2.77±0.19 vs 3.68±0.22 mmol/L, p<0.001) in consuming tomato juice 30 min before carbohydrate were all significantly lower than those of water, while IGP of consuming tomato was tended to be lower than that of water (2.82±0.19 mmolL, p=0.023). No significant difference was observed in glycaemic parameters after consuming lunch among 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming tomato juice half hour before carbohydrate ameliorates the postprandial blood glucose concentrations, although total amounts of energy and carbohydrate of tomato juice are higher than those of water.


Assuntos
Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Período Pós-Prandial , Solanum lycopersicum , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem
7.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr ; 29(1): 68-76, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32229444

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study is to explore the acute effect of consuming dinner at different timing on postprandial glucose and hormone in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Eight patients (age 70.8±1.9 years, HbA1c 7.6±0.6 %, BMI 23.3±3.2, mean±SD) were randomly assigned in this crossover study. Patients consumed the test meals of dinner at 18:00 on the first day, and dinner at 21:00 or divided dinner (vegetable and rice at 18:00 and vegetable and the main dish at 21:00) on the second or third day. Postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acid (FFA), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and active glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentration after dinner were evaluated. RESULTS: Both incremental area under the curve (IAUC) 2h for glucose and insulin were higher in dinner at 21:00 than those in dinner at 18:00 (IAUC glucose: 449±83 vs 216±43 mmol/L×min, p<0.01, IAUC insulin:772±104 vs 527±107 µU/mL×min, p<0.01, mean±SEM). However, in divided dinner both IAUC 4h for glucose and insulin tended to be lower than those of dinner at 21:00 (IAUC glucose: 269±76 mmol/L×min, p=0.070, IAUC insulin: 552±114 µU/mL×min, p=0.070). IAUC of active GLP-1 and active GIP demonstrated no difference among different dinner regimen. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming late-night-dinner (21:00) deteriorates postprandial glucose and insulin compared with those of early-evening-dinner (18:00) whereas consuming dinner dividedly ameliorates them.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Refeições/fisiologia , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Estudos Cross-Over , Ácidos Graxos não Esterificados/metabolismo , Feminino , Polipeptídeo Inibidor Gástrico/metabolismo , Glucagon/metabolismo , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
8.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 136: 78-84, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29199002

RESUMO

AIMS: Our aim was to explore the acute effect of the late-night-dinner and the divided-dinner on postprandial glucose levels in young healthy women. METHODS: Fourteen women (22.6 ±â€¯2.6 years, BMI 20.2 ±â€¯1.5 kg/m2: mean ±â€¯SD) were randomly assigned to this crossover study. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor for 5 days and consumed identical test meals from the second to the fourth day at home. Each participant consumed the test meals of breakfast at 0800 h, lunch at 1300 h, and the half of the participants consumed dinner at 2100 h (D21) on the second day, 1800 h (D18) on the third day, and divided dinner (DD: vegetable and rice at 1800 h, and vegetable and the main dish at 2100 h) on the fourth day. The rest of the participants consumed DD on the second day, and D21 on the fourth day. RESULTS: D21 demonstrated higher incremental glucose peak (IGP 2.74 ±â€¯0.38 vs. 1.57 ±â€¯0.23 mmol/L, p < .05, mean ±â€¯SEM) and incremental area under the curve for glucose (IAUC) 2300-0800 h (271 ±â€¯63 vs. 111 ±â€¯37 mmol/L × min, p < .05) than D18. On the other hand, DD ameliorated IGP (1.96 ±â€¯0.29 mmol/L, p < .05), IAUC 2300-0800 h (80 ±â€¯29 mmol/L × min, p < .001), and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (DD 2.34 ±â€¯0.25 vs. D21 2.91 ±â€¯0.28 mmol/L, p < .05) than D21. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming late-night-dinner increased postprandial glucose levels, compared to DD, suggesting DD could be a practical strategy for reduction of postprandial glucose levels in young healthy women.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Refeições/fisiologia , Período Pós-Prandial/fisiologia , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto Jovem
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