RESUMO
Loss of ß-cell mass and function can lead to insufficient insulin levels and ultimately to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. The mainstream treatment approach involves regulation of insulin levels; however, approaches intended to increase ß-cell mass are less developed. Promoting ß-cell proliferation with low-molecular-weight inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) offers the potential to treat diabetes with oral therapies by restoring ß-cell mass, insulin content and glycemic control. GNF4877, a potent dual inhibitor of DYRK1A and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) was previously reported to induce primary human ß-cell proliferation inâ vitro and inâ vivo. Herein, we describe the lead optimization that lead to the identification of GNF4877 from an aminopyrazine hit identified in a phenotypic high-throughput screening campaign measuring ß-cell proliferation.
Assuntos
Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Quinases DyrkRESUMO
Autoimmune deficiency and destruction in either ß-cell mass or function can cause insufficient insulin levels and, as a result, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Thus, promoting ß-cell proliferation could be one approach toward diabetes intervention. In this report we describe the discovery of a potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor GNF2133, which was identified through optimization of a 6-azaindole screening hit. In vitro, GNF2133 is able to proliferate both rodent and human ß-cells. In vivo, GNF2133 demonstrated significant dose-dependent glucose disposal capacity and insulin secretion in response to glucose-potentiated arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) challenge in rat insulin promoter and diphtheria toxin A (RIP-DTA) mice. The work described here provides new avenues to disease altering therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Assuntos
Compostos Aza/química , Compostos Aza/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Compostos Aza/farmacocinética , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacocinética , Indóis/farmacocinética , Secreção de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citologia , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Quinases DyrkRESUMO
Mutations in the LKB1 (also known as STK11) tumor suppressor are the third most frequent genetic alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LKB1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that directly phosphorylates and activates 14 AMPK family kinases ("AMPKRs"). The function of many of the AMPKRs remains obscure, and which are most critical to the tumor-suppressive function of LKB1 remains unknown. Here, we combine CRISPR and genetic analysis of the AMPKR family in NSCLC cell lines and mouse models, revealing a surprising critical role for the SIK subfamily. Conditional genetic loss of Sik1 revealed increased tumor growth in mouse models of Kras-dependent lung cancer, which was further enhanced by loss of the related kinase Sik3. As most known substrates of the SIKs control transcription, gene-expression analysis was performed, revealing upregulation of AP1 and IL6 signaling in common between LKB1- and SIK1/3-deficient tumors. The SIK substrate CRTC2 was required for this effect, as well as for proliferation benefits from SIK loss. SIGNIFICANCE: The tumor suppressor LKB1/STK11 encodes a serine/threonine kinase frequently inactivated in NSCLC. LKB1 activates 14 downstream kinases in the AMPK family controlling growth and metabolism, although which kinases are critical for LKB1 tumor-suppressor function has remained an enigma. Here we unexpectedly found that two understudied kinases, SIK1 and SIK3, are critical targets in lung cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1469.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Células A549 , Quinases Proteína-Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Animais , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Edição de Genes , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Carga TumoralRESUMO
Faithful execution of developmental programs relies on the acquisition of unique cell identities from pluripotent progenitors, a process governed by combinatorial inputs from numerous signaling cascades that ultimately dictate lineage-specific transcriptional outputs. Despite growing evidence that metabolism is integrated with many molecular networks, how pathways that control energy homeostasis may affect cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a central metabolic regulator, plays critical roles in lineage specification. Although AMPK-deficient embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were normal in the pluripotent state, these cells displayed profound defects upon differentiation, failing to generate chimeric embryos and preferentially adopting an ectodermal fate at the expense of the endoderm during embryoid body (EB) formation. AMPK(-/-) EBs exhibited reduced levels of Tfeb, a master transcriptional regulator of lysosomes, leading to diminished endolysosomal function. Remarkably, genetic loss of Tfeb also yielded endodermal defects, while AMPK-null ESCs overexpressing this transcription factor normalized their differential potential, revealing an intimate connection between Tfeb/lysosomes and germ layer specification. The compromised endolysosomal system resulting from AMPK or Tfeb inactivation blunted Wnt signaling, while up-regulating this pathway restored expression of endodermal markers. Collectively, these results uncover the AMPK pathway as a novel regulator of cell fate determination during differentiation.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/genética , Animais , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/genética , Células-Tronco Embrionárias , Endoderma/patologia , Camundongos , Mutação , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genéticaRESUMO
Insufficient pancreatic ß-cell mass or function results in diabetes mellitus. While significant progress has been made in regulating insulin secretion from ß-cells in diabetic patients, no pharmacological agents have been described that increase ß-cell replication in humans. Here we report aminopyrazine compounds that stimulate robust ß-cell proliferation in adult primary islets, most likely as a result of combined inhibition of DYRK1A and GSK3B. Aminopyrazine-treated human islets retain functionality in vitro and after transplantation into diabetic mice. Oral dosing of these compounds in diabetic mice induces ß-cell proliferation, increases ß-cell mass and insulin content, and improves glycaemic control. Biochemical, genetic and cell biology data point to Dyrk1a as the key molecular target. This study supports the feasibility of treating diabetes with an oral therapy to restore ß-cell mass, and highlights a tractable pathway for future drug discovery efforts.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/citologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/metabolismo , Glicogênio Sintase Quinase 3 beta , Humanos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Secretoras de Insulina/enzimologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Quinases DyrkRESUMO
The identification of factors that promote ß cell proliferation could ultimately move type 1 diabetes treatment away from insulin injection therapy and toward a cure. We have performed high-throughput, cell-based screens using rodent ß cell lines to identify molecules that induce proliferation of ß cells. Herein we report the discovery and characterization of WS6, a novel small molecule that promotes ß cell proliferation in rodent and human primary islets. In the RIP-DTA mouse model of ß cell ablation, WS6 normalized blood glucose and induced concomitant increases in ß cell proliferation and ß cell number. Affinity pulldown and kinase profiling studies implicate Erb3 binding protein-1 and the IκB kinase pathway in the mechanism of action of WS6.