[Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of patients with gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors]. / Laparoskopicheskaia khirurgiia v lechenii bol'nykh gastrointestinal'nymi stromal'nymi opukholiami zheludka.

OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficiency of conventional open and laparoscopic surgery in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) of the stomach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis included 42 patients with gastric GIST who were treated at the Moscow City Oncological Hospital #62 for the period from 2006 to 2018. All patients were divided into two groups depending on surgical approach. RESULTS: Laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective in patients with gastric GIST. Short-term results of traditional open and laparoscopic operations in patients with gastric GISTs were compared. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resection of gastric GIST is justified for tumors less than 5 cm. Laparoscopic procedure for tumors over 5 cm must be done only in high-volume hospitals.

[Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: surgical treatment and targeted therapy]. / Gastrointestinal'nye stromal'nye opukholi: khirurgicheskoe lechenie i targetnaia terapiia.

AIM: To improve surgical and complex treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our analysis included 97 GIST patients who were at Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery and Moscow City Oncological Hospital #62 from January 2006 to September 2016. RESULTS: Advisability of surgery for GIST patients was confirmed. We have assessed surgical outcomes, defined the indications for adjuvant targeted therapy depending on GIST prognostic risk and additional factors for unfavorable course of disease. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that surgical treatment is preferred for patients with resectable GISTs. Adjuvant therapy is indicated in patients with high risk of progression if mutations indicating tumor sensitivity to the drugs are revealed. Adjuvant targeted therapy is not indicated in patients with low and very low risk of progression.

[Diagnostics and surgical treatment of the tumor obturative intestinal obstruction].

The study summarize the results of diagnostics and treatment of 536 patients aged 37-97 years with colon cancer stage II-IV, complicated by bowel obstruction. Patients with subcompensated and decompensated bowel obstruction prevailed. The dependence of the clinical picture from the tumor localization and the severity of the obstruction were identified. The authors pose that the decision about the median laparotomy needs the preoperative diagnosis of the obturative obstruction without verification of its causes. Decision about the delayed radical operation and minimizing the treatment to colon decompression should be based on additional diagnostic data (X-ray, irrigoscopy and colonoscopy). Surgical interventions with the median laparotomy showed the mortality rate of 30.7% and morbidity of 57.5%. The miniinvasive decompression of the colon reduces these rates to 1.8 and 7.1%, respectively.

High-level expression of enzymatically active human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli.

Expression of human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) with activity comparable to the human erythrocyte enzyme was achieved in Escherichia coli by using a vector containing a thermoinducible lambda PL promoter and a beta-lactamase-derived ribosomal binding site. The recombinant human SOD was found in the cytosol of disrupted bacteria and represented greater than 10% of the total bacterial protein. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, gel filtration chromatography, and ion exchange chromatography. The active enzyme was obtained in high yield only when 1 mol of copper and 1 mol of zinc were incorporated into each mol of subunit during bacterial growth or by reconstitution of the apoenzyme. Human Cu/Zn SOD produced in bacteria has an apparent subunit molecular mass of 19 kDa on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gels. The native enzyme behaves as a dimer of 32 kDa as determined by gel filtration. Sequence analysis of the NH2 terminus revealed that the first 14 amino acids corresponded to authentic human SOD except that the NH2-terminal alanine was not acetylated. Thus, the bacterial processing system readily removes the NH2-terminal methionine residue from recombinant human SOD.

Human apolipoprotein E expression in Escherichia coli: structural and functional identity of the bacterially produced protein with plasma apolipoprotein E.

Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) was produced in Escherichia coli by transforming cells with an expression vector containing a reconstructed apoE cDNA, a lambda PL promoter regulated by the thermolabile cI repressor, and a ribosomal binding site derived from the lambda cII or the E. coli beta-lactamase gene. Transformed cells induced at 42 degrees C for short periods of time (less than 20 min) produced apoE, which accumulated in the cells at levels of approximately equal to 1% of the total soluble cellular protein. Longer induction periods resulted in cell lysis and the proteolytic destruction of apoE. The bacterially produced apoE was purified by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, and preparative Immobiline isoelectric focusing. The final yield was approximately equal to 20% of the initial apoE present in the cells. Except for an additional methionine at the amino terminus, the bacterially produced apoE was indistinguishable from authentic human plasma apoE as determined by NaDodSO4 and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis, amino acid composition of the total protein as well as its cyanogen bromide fragments, and partial amino acid sequence analysis (residues 1-17 and 109-164). Both the bacterially produced and authentic plasma apoE bound similarly to apolipoprotein B,E(low density lipoprotein) receptors of human fibroblasts and to hepatic apoE receptors. Intravenous injection resulted in similar rates of clearance for both the bacterially produced and authentic apoE from rabbit and rat plasma (approximately equal to 50% removed in 20 min). The ability to synthesize a bacterially produced human apolipoprotein with biological properties indistinguishable from those of the native protein will allow the production of large quantities of apoE for use in further investigations of the biological and physiological properties of this apolipoprotein.

Metabolism of acetylene by Nocardia rhodochrous.

A Nocardia rhodochrous strain capable of utilizing acetylene as its sole source of carbon and energy exhibited slow growth on low concentrations of acetaldehyde. Resting cells incubated with acetylene formed a product identified as acetaldehyde, but attempts to demonstrate acetylene hydrase activity in cell-free extracts were unsuccessful. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in N. rhodochrous was found to be NAD+ linked and nonacylating, converting acetaldehyde to acetate. Specific activities of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, acetothiokinase, and isocitrate lyase were enhanced in cells grown on acetylene and ethanol as compared with cells grown on alternate substrates. These results suggest that acetylene is catabolized via acetaldehyde to acetate and eventually to acetyl coenzyme A. Acetylene oxidation in N. rhodochrous appears to be constitutive and is not inhibited in the presence of either ethylene, nitrous oxide, or methane.

Growth of Nocardia rhodochrous on acetylene gas.

Soil sediment enrichment cultures yielded a coryneform bacterium capable of growing in a mineral salts solution with acetylene gas as its only source of carbon and energy. Based on morphological and physiological traits as well as on cell wall analysis, the bacterium was characterized as a strain of Nocardia rhodochrous. Maximal growth rates (generation time 2.7 to 3.0 h) on acetylene were obtained at 5 to 20% acetylene, 25 to 40% oxygen, pH 7.0 and 26 to 28 degrees C. Yields (grams of dry cells produced per gram of acetylene consumed) ranged between 90 and 110%. N. rhodochrous exhibits a growth factor requirement for the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine. Acetylene utilization is not an obligate trait, and a wide range of alternate carbon sources is utilized. Ethylene is neither produced nor consumed. The only previous report on acetylene utilization appeared in 1932. The Mycobacterium lacticola strain described in that report strongly resembles N. rhodochrous.