Supplementation of PUFA extracted from microalgae for the development of chicken patties.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in development of a diverse range of foods that are enriched with omega-3 fatty acids. It is widely recognized that through dietary interventions, the lipid fraction of food can be modified to enhance its nutritional content. This study is aimed to develop chicken patties enriched with poly unstaurated fatty acids (PUFAs) extracted from microalgae aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) concentration of 0% (T0), 1% (T1), 2% (T2), and 3% (T3). All treatments were stored at -18 °C for one month and analysed at an interval of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days to assess the effect of PUFAs supplementation on physicochemical, oxidative, microbiological and organoleptic properties of chicken patties. The results revealed that moisture content was significantly increased during the storage; the maximum moisture was observed in T0 (67.25% ± 0.03) on day 0, while the minimun was found in T3 (64.69% ± 0.04) on day 30. Supplemenatation of PUFAs in chicken patties significantly enhanced the fat content of the product the highest fat content was observed for T3 (9.7% ± 0.06. An increase in PUFAs concentration led to a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). TBARS were increased from 1.22 ± 0.43 at 0 days to 1.48 ± 0.39 at 30 days of storage. The PUFAs incorporation negatively effected sensory acceptance of the product ranging from (8.41 ± 0.17 to 7.28 ± 0.12). However, the sensory scores were in acceptable range for supplemented patties as compared to control sample. Treatment T3 depicted the highest nutritional content. The sensory and physiochemical analysis of supplemented patties suggested that PUFAs extracted from microalgae can be used as a functional ingredient in the preparation various meat products particularly chicken meta patties. However, antioxidants should be added to to prevent lipid oxidation in the product.

Factors associated with sleep deprivation and their impact on academic performance of hostelites of twin cities of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the factors associated with sleep deprivation and their impact on academic performance of students living in a hostel setting. METHODS: It was a correlational study conducted from January to June, 2018 in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised university students of either sex aged 18-25 years who were studying at different universities of the twin cities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used along with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS: Of the 850 students, 450(50%) each were males and females. The overall mean age was 21.10±1.84 years. There was academic stress in 672(79%) students which disturbed the normal sleep cycle. Other factors affecting students; sleep were financial issues 632(74%), uncomfortable bed mattresses 671(79%), environmental noise 468 (53%), poor ventilation 666 (78%), hostel near commercial places 233(27%), and the habit of playing mobile games 545(65%). Female students had more sleep problems than males (p<0.05). Bivariate correlation showed no association of these factors and cumulative grade point average (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The most common factors found to be influencing hostelites' sleep were stress, financial issues, uncomfortable mattresses, environmental noise and playing games on mobile before sleep. Disturbed sleep did not affect academic performance.

Effects of activity repetition training with Salat (prayer) versus task oriented training on functional outcomes of stroke.

Stroke is one of most disabling condition which directly affects quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of activity repetition training with salat (prayer) versus task oriented training on functional outcomes of stroke. The study design was randomized control trial and 32 patients were randomly assigned into two groups'. The stroke including infarction or haemorrhagic, age bracket 30-70 years was included. The demographics were recorded and standardized assessment tool included Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Motor assessment scale (MAS) and Time Up and Go Test (TUG). The measurements were obtained at baseline, after four and six weeks. The mean age of the patients was 54.44±10.59 years with 16 (59%) male and 11(41%) female patients. Activity Repetition Training group showed significant improvement (p<0.05) and is effective in enhancing the functional status as compare to task oriented training group. The repetition with motivation and concentration is the key in re-learning process of neural plasticity.