The Use of the Perfusion Index to Predict Post-Induction Hypotension in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Post-induction hypotension (PIH) is a common and potentially serious complication of general anesthesia. This meta-analysis (Prospero registration number: CRD42024566321) aimed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the perfusion index (PI) for PIH in patients undergoing general anesthesia. A comprehensive literature search was performed using multiple electronic databases (Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE). Studies involving adult patients undergoing general anesthesia, with the PI measured before anesthesia induction and reporting PIH incidence, were included. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the PI in predicting the probability of PIH. The secondary outcome was the pooled PIH incidence. Eight studies with 678 patients were included. The pooled incidence of PIH was 44.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.9%-60.8%). The combined sensitivity and specificity of the PI for predicting PIH were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.65-0.94) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.90), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.92). The Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test indicated no significant publication bias. The PI demonstrates high predictive efficacy for PIH in patients undergoing general anesthesia, indicating that it can be a valuable tool for identifying those at risk of PIH.

Impact of preoperative QTc interval prolongation on short-term postoperative outcomes: A retrospective study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although a prolonged heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTcI) is associated with an increased risk of mortality in the general population, its prognostic value in surgical patients remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether preoperative QTcI prolongation predicts short-term postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective analysis using the TriNetX network database. SETTING: Operating room. INTERVENTION: Assessment and categorization of preoperative QTcI. PATIENTS: Data of patients aged ≥65 years who underwent non-cardiac surgery between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS: Patients were categorized into four groups based on preoperative QTcI: long (500-600 ms), borderline (460-500 ms), high-normal (420-460 ms) and control (370-420 ms) groups. The groups were compared using a propensity score-matched analysis. The primary outcome was the all-cause 90-day mortality risk. The secondary outcomes included 90-day risks of postoperative new-onset atrial fibrillation (Af), ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), emergency visits, hospital readmissions, and pneumonia. RESULTS: In total, data on 519,929 patients were collected in this study. Pairwise comparisons showed that all QTcI prolongation groups demonstrated a heightened incidence of postoperative mortality, arrhythmias, and other complications compared to the control group. Patients with a long QTcI had a 3-fold higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.124, p < 0.001), Af (HR = 3.059, p < 0.001), and VAs (HR = 3.617, p < 0.001) than controls. The risks of emergency visits (HR = 1.287, p < 0.001), hospital readmissions (HR = 1.591, p < 0.001), and pneumonia (HR = 1.672, p < 0.001) were also higher in the long QTcI group than in the control group. A dose-dependent response was evident between QTcI and mortality as well as arrhythmia risk. CONCLUSION: Preoperative QTcI screening effectively risk-stratifies elderly surgical patients, with a QTcI≥500 ms being strongly predictive of short-term postoperative mortality and other complications. Incorporating QTcI assessment into the preoperative evaluation may guide perioperative monitoring and management.

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine combined with acupuncture in pediatric epilepsy treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine and acupuncture combination for pediatric epilepsy treatment. METHODS: Databases were searched from their interception until October 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials focusing on the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicine-acupuncture combination (intervention group) for pediatric epilepsy. The primary outcome was the risk of treatment failure, whereas the secondary outcomes included the risk of post-treatment electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities and adverse events. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the type of herbal compound formulas. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of patient demographics and clinical history on the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicine-acupuncture combination for pediatric epilepsy. To assess the cumulative evidence, trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed. RESULTS: The analysis included 10 trials involving a total of 882 pediatric patients. Meta-analysis revealed that the intervention group had a lower risk of treatment failure than the control group (risk ratio [RR] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.47, P<0.00001, I2 = 0%, 10 trials). Subgroup analyses showed that therapeutic efficacy was consistent among the different herbal compound formulas. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the efficacy of the treatments did not significantly vary with patient age, male sex, and duration of seizure history. TSA suggested that herbal medicine-acupuncture combination exerted a robust and conclusive effect on seizure treatment. Although the combined used of herbal medicine and acupuncture was not associated with a lower risk of post-treatment EEG abnormalities (RR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.6-1.11, P = 0.2, 3 trials), the risk of adverse events was reduced (RR = 0.27, 95%CI:0.18-0.41, P<0.00001, 4 trials). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis suggested that combined use of herbal medicine and acupuncture is a promising and safe clinical approach for pediatric epilepsy treatment. Further large-scale studies are necessary to conclusively determine the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine and acupuncture in pediatric epilepsy treatment.

Impact of the geriatric nutritional risk index on long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize current evidence on the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies that investigated the association between GNRI and long-term outcomes in hemodialysis patients until November 2023. The primary outcome was the association between the GNRI (i.e., low versus high) and overall mortality risk, while the secondary outcome was the relationship between the GNRI and cardiovascular mortality risk. Results: Thirty cohort studies involving 55,864 patients were included. A low GNRI was found to be significantly associated with increased overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.42, 95% confidence interval [CIs]: 2.10-2.79, p < 0.00001, I2 = 65%). Each unit increase in GNRI corresponded to a 5% reduction in mortality risk (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.96, p < 0.00001, I2 = 79%). The association remained consistent across Asian (HR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.08-2.88, p < 0.00001, I2 = 70%) and non-Asian subgroups (HR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.72-3.06, p < 0.00001, I2 = 23%). Meta-regression analysis of patient age (coefficient: -0.002; p = 0.896), male proportion (coefficient: 0.002; p = 0.875), percentage of diabetes mellitus (coefficient: -0.003; p = 0.605), and follow-up duration (coefficient: -0.003; p = 0.431) revealed that these moderator variables did not significantly influence the association between GNRI and overall mortality risk. Cardiovascular mortality risk also increased with low GNRI (HR, 1.93; 95%CI: 1.51-2.45, p < 0.00001; I2 = 2%). Similarly, an inverse association was observed between the GNRI values and cardiovascular mortality risk (HR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91-0.97; p < 0.0001; I2 = 65%) (per unit increase). Conclusion: The GNRI is a simple nutritional screening tool that can be used to effectively stratify patients undergoing hemodialysis globally. Further studies are warranted to determine whether nutrition optimization based on the GNRI improves long-term outcomes. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023483729.

The impact of perioperative ketamine or esketamine on the subjective quality of recovery after surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of ketamine/esketamine on postoperative subjective quality of recovery (QoR). METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the impacts of perioperative ketamine/esketamine use and postoperative QoR. The primary outcome was subjective QoR (QoR-9, QoR-15, QoR-40) on postoperative day (POD) 1-3, whereas the secondary outcomes included pain severity, anxiety scores, depression scores, risk of adverse events (i.e. nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness), and length of stay. RESULTS: The analysis included 18 RCTs (1554 participants; ketamine: seven trials, esketamine: 11 trials), of which 15 were conducted in China. Ketamine/esketamine improved the QoR scores on PODs 1 and 2 compared with the control (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 0.63, P<0.0001 for POD 1; SMD: 0.56, P=0.04 for POD 2), without beneficial effect on POD 3. Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences in QoR scores on POD 1 by regimen (SMD: esketamine 1.14, ketamine 0.01) and country (SMD: China 0.82, other countries -0.21). The emotional domain of QoR was improved from PODs 1 to 3, whereas the other domains were only improved on POD 1. Lower postoperative anxiety (SMD: -0.48, P=0.003) and depression (SMD: -0.72, P=0.001) scores were also observed with ketamine/esketamine use. Furthermore, pain severity was reduced on PODs 1 and 2, with no difference in the risk of adverse events or length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis demonstrated that ketamine/esketamine use in the perioperative period is associated with improved early subjective QoR, pain severity, and psychological symptoms without an increase in the likelihood of adverse events. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO (CRD42023477580).