[EFFECT OF LACTOBACILLI EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES ON PHAGOCYTE AND CYTOKINE ACTIVITY IN VITRO AND IN ANIMAL ORGANISM DURING INFECTIOUS PROCESS MODELING].

AIM: Study the effect of lactobacilli exopolysaccharides (EPS)on cytokine and phagocyte activity in vitro and in mice organism during modelling of an infectious process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii B-1596 (laksaran 1596), L. delbrueckii B-1936 (laksaran 1936) and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (laksaran Z) were used in the study. EPS were administered into white mice 1 hour after the Staphylococcus aureus 209-P infection. Index of phagocyte completion and index of killing activation (IKA) were calculated during phagocyte activity study. IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokine content was determined in blood sera and macrophage supernatants. RESULTS: Laksaran 1596, 1936 and Z had ambiguous effect on cytokine production. Laksaran: Z and 1936, 6 hours after mice infection increased IL-1 content in blood sera. Laksaran Z had the most pronounced effect on macrophages, resulting in an increase of active macrophages, facilitating increased digestion of S. aureus 209-P and IKA increase, stimulated cytokine production. CONCLUSION: The results obtained allow to speak about a possibility of using laksaran Z as a prophylaxis immune modulating preparation for correction of animal cytokine status.

[Effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa lectin on cytokine status of animals].

AIM: To study effect of lectin L II of Paenibacillus polymyxa 1460 on cytokine status of mice during modeling of infections caused by Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Yersinia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lectin LII of P. polymyxa 1460, bacterial cultures Staphylococcus aureus 209-P, Escherichia coli O1, and Yersinia enterocolitica 12 were used. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of suspension of bacterial culture grown during 24 hours (5,000 m.c./ml). Lectin (0.4 mcg/ml) in dose 0.2 ml was administered 24 h before and 1 h after inoculation. Serum samplesfrom sacrificed animals were obtained 1, 6, and 24 hours after inoculation and concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were measured in them using optical density values. RESULTS: It was established that level of TNF-alpha in serum decreased during staphylococcal infection, whereas levels of IL-1 and IL-6 decreased during all modeled infections. Ability for correction of cytokine balance in organism of experimental animals by administration of lectin 24 h before and 1 h after inoculation with bacteria was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: Presented studies testify to the effect of bacterial lectin on cytokine-production activity of macrophages during phagocytosis of bacteria and infectious process.

[The role of Paenibacillus polymyxa lectin in the macrophages-mediated killing of bacteria].

Influence of lectin LII of Paenibacillus polymyxa 1460, specific for galactosamine, glucuronic acid, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, and glucosamine, on mechanisms of oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent killing of bacteria was reviewed. It was shown that the lectin modulates the activity of some microbicide factors in the cytoplasm of macrophages before phagocytosis. Increased activity of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase, enhanced formation of active forms of oxygen in alveolar macrophages, increased level of cationic proteins and decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in peritoneal macrophages was observed.

[The effect of the carbohydrate components of pea roots on the enzymatic activity of the surface agglutinins of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 252]. / Issledovanie fermentativnoi aktivnosti aggliutininov Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 252 posle vzaimodeistviia ikh s uglevodnymi komponentami kornei gorokha.

The interaction of the surface agglutinins of Rhizobium leguminosarum by. viciae 252 with the carbohydrate components of host pea roots alters the beta-glucosidase and proteolytic activities of the agglutinins.

[The bactericidal activity of lectins from nitrogen-fixing bacilli]. / Bakteritsidnye svoistva lektinov azotfiksiruiushchikh batsill.

Lectins I and II isolated from the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa 1460 were found to be able to suppress the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 and Bacillus subtilis 36 at nearly all the concentrations tested (from 1 to 10 micrograms/ml). Lectin I was also inhibitory to Azospirillum brasilense 245 and Erwinia carotovora subsp. citrulis 603, while lectin II exerted bactericidal activity against Xanthomonas campestris B-610 and B-611 and A. brasilense 245. The bacillar lectins incubated with Rhizobium and Azospirillum cells caused leakage of low-molecular-weight substances from the cells, presumably resulting from impairment of the membrane barrier function. We believe that one of the possible mechanisms of the bacterial growth inhibition by lectins is mediated by the lectin-specific receptors occurring on the bacterial membrane, whose interaction with the lectin molecules induces conformational alterations in the membrane and concurrent malfunction of the metabolism of bacterial cells.

[Biological role of lectins from Bacillus polymyxa during interaction with surface carbohydrates of wheat roots ]. / Izuchenie biologicheskoi roli lektinov Bacillus polymyxa pri vzaimodeistvii s uglevodami fraktsii ékzokomponentov kornei pshenitsy.

The data obtained demonstrate the capacity of lectins LI and LII from the soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa 1460 to change their proteolytic activity after interaction with surface carbohydrates of wheat seedling roots.

[Lectin of Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV and its immunological properties]. / Lektin vaktsinnogo shtamma Yersinia pestis EV i izuchenie ego immunobiologicheskikh svoistv.

As the result of the chromatographic separation of Y. pestis EV membrane proteins, a protein fraction with hemagglutinating activity was obtained. The isolated preparation was glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 22 kD, contained 16% of carbohydrates and exhibited thermolabile properties. The determination of the carbohydrate specificity of this glycoprotein revealed that it belonged to the class of lectins. Changes in the content of 11 corticosteroids and the population composition of lymphocytes, as well as the detection of specific antibodies in the blood serum of guinea pigs immunized with lectin, were indicative of the fact that the preparation was sufficiently immunogenic and induced the activation of the processes of proliferation and activation of lymphocytes during immunogenesis. The lectin isolated from Y. pestis EV outer membrane may be regarded as an additional factor ensuring the contact of the pathogen with the cells of the body and as a promising component of combined plague vaccine.

[Role of the agglutinating proteins of bacilli and rhizobia in bacterial interaction]. / Rol' aggliutiniruiushchikh belkov batsill i rizobii v mezhbakterial'nykh vzaimodeistviiakh.

The surface agglutinating proteins of the soil nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa 1460 and Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 were found to be able to interact with the polysaccharide complexes of certain azospirilla and rhizobia. Such interactions are most likely involved in the formation of nitrogen-fixing plant-bacterial associations in the rhizosphere.

[Effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 agglutinins on the activity of some plant cell enzymes]. / Izychenie vliianiia aggliutininov Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 na aktivnost' nekotorym fermentov rastitel'noi kletki.

The incubation of pea seedling roots with the surface agglutinins R1 and R2 of Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 brought about an increase in the activity of proteases, beta-glucosidase, and, especially, succinate dehydrogenase in the roots. The data presented show that rhizobial agglutinins play an important part in the formation and functioning of legume-rhizobial associations.

[Proteolytic activity of lectins from the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Bacillus polymyxa]. / Proteoliticheskaia aktivnost' lektinov azotfiksiruiushchikh bakterii Bacillus polymyxa.

Two lectins (LI and LII) stripped from the surface of Bacillus polymyxa 1460 cells were found to possess proteolytic activity, which was associated with their hemagglutinating activity. The inhibition of the hemagglutinating activity of lectins by specific carbohydrate haptens changed their enzyme activities. The inhibition of hemagglutinating activity by glucuronic acid or fructose 1,6-diphosphate decreased the proteolytic activities of both lectins, whereas the blocking of this activity with D-glucosamine or D-galactosamine increased the proteolytic activity of LII. The molecules of the B. polymyxa lectins are suggested to contain two active centers responsible for hemagglutinating and proteolytic activities.

Enzyme activity of lectins from the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Bacillus polymyxa.

Lectins LI and LII, localized on the surface of the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Bacillus polymyxa 1460, were shown to possess proteolytic activity. A relationship was found between the proteolytic and hemagglutinating activities of the lectins. Blocking of hemagglutinating activity with specific carbohydrate haptens led to significant changes in the enzyme activity of both lectins. When lectin activity was blocked with glucuronic acid and fructose-1, 6-diphosphate, the proteolytic activity of both LI and LII declined, whereas incubation with d-galactosamine and d-glucosamine promoted increases in the proteolytic activity of LII. This study proposes that the molecules of the B. polymyxa lectins may have two centers on their surfaces: one responsible for lectin activity and the other for proteolytic activity.

Effect of agglutinins from Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 252 on the activity of hydrolytic enzymes.

Cells of the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum 252 and its hemagglutination-deficient mutant strain 252/7 were found to possess the activities of a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. The agglutinin proteins of rhizobia diminished beta-glucosidase activity, pectinolytic activity, and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities while completely inhibiting proteolytic enzyme activity in the bacterial cell. The results here show that rhizobial agglutinins are capable of affecting enzyme functioning in Rhizobium.

[Effect of ristomycin on the electrokinetic properties of Staphylococcus aureus cells]. / Vliianie ristomitsina na élektrokineticheskie svoistva kletok zolotistogo stafilokokka.

The electrophoretic mobility of the cells of Staph. aureus cultivated on the medium with ristomycin is markedly decreased at pH 3.0-5.0. This indicates that ristomycin added to the cultivation medium lowers the number of the phosphate groups in teichoic acids of the staphylococcal cell wall. The effect of ristomycin on the cells of the staphylococci was studied in vitro during the process of their incubation. It was shown that almost within the first minutes of the incubation ristomycin interacts immediately with the ionogenic groups of the cell wall and first of all with the phosphate groups of teichoic acids.

[Teichoic acids as possible acridine orange acceptors on the surface of staphylococcal cell walls]. / Teikhoevye kisloty kak vozmozhnye aktseptory akridinovogo oranzhevogo na poverkhnosti kletochnoi stenki stafilokokka

A study was made of acridine orange adsorption by the surface structures of intact Staphylococcus aureus (209-P strain) cells and their cellular walls. Acridine orange sorption by the cells and the cellular wall of staphylococcus depended on the content of teichoic acids in the object under study. A conclusion was drawn that teichoic acids of the cellular walls of Staph. aureus were responsible for the binding of the acridine orange stain.