RESUMO
Chemotherapy in modern oncology is one of the main methods of treatment, along with surgery and radiotherapy techniques. More than 60% of patients receiving chemotherapy at different stages of treatment. Recently, modern chemotherapy has become more urgent personal approach to the choice of drugs and their doses, aimed at reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy. Complications of chemotherapy significantly degrade the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with malignant tumors, because they require lower doses of anticancer drug, or lengthening the intervals between cycles of chemotherapy, which affects treatment outcomes and quality of life.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Gerenciamento Clínico , Trato Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Vômito/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiopatologia , Glutationa S-Transferase pi/genética , Humanos , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Medicina de Precisão , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Vômito/etiologia , Vômito/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The use of modern chemotherapy (CT) allowed to achieve significant progress in the treatment of many malignant tumors that were previously considered fatal. Improving the efficiency of the treatment was achieved by the intensification of chemotherapy. However, intensification of chemotherapy regimes provoked increase in the number of side effects of anticancer therapy,which often lead to a decrease in the intensity of the selected mode, the additional financial costs of treating the complications and the formation of the negative attitude of the patient to treatment. Thus, the side effects of chemotherapy are the actual problem of modern oncology. The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the frequency, symptoms and ways to prevent and treat various types of toxicity of chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Náusea/tratamento farmacológico , Neutropenia/tratamento farmacológico , Substâncias Protetoras/uso terapêutico , Vômito/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/diagnóstico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Náusea/diagnóstico , Náusea/metabolismo , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/diagnóstico , Neutropenia/metabolismo , Receptores de Serotonina/metabolismo , Antagonistas da Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Vômito/induzido quimicamente , Vômito/diagnóstico , Vômito/metabolismoRESUMO
A hepatotoxicity can be observed at the use of different groups of antitumoral drugs. Cytotoxicity drugs have a leading place in relation to incidence and severity of liver damage. During chemotherapy the development of hepatotoxicity is caused by thedamage of the liver parenchymal cells with fatty degeneration, necrosis of the liver tissue, and cholestasis. The study of the mechanisms of development, clinical course and laboratory manifestations of hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy will lead to its prevention or reduction, which will improve the immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with cancer.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidade , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Citostáticos/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Citostáticos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Fígado/patologiaRESUMO
Treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer is one of the most difficult problems of clinical oncology. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Long experience of the world's cancer centers, advances in clinical oncology recent decades, the synthesis of anticancer drugs with new mechanisms of action have led to progress in the treatment of disseminated breast cancer. However, as shown by recent studies, the improvement of chemotherapy is not associated with reduced mortality from this disease. This paper presents the effectiveness of anticancer drugs and their combinations in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Compliance with which, as it seems to us to produce superior results in treating this disease.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
With an increasing number of long-term breast cancer survivors, the number of patients experiencing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity increas too. Anthracycline--and nonanthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity--clinically significant and frequent adverse event of conservative treatment of cancer. Echocardiogram and multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan--modalities that may overlook early changes that could identify patients at risk for anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. However, monitoring cardiac function before and during therapy, continuous infusions of drugs, limiting lifetime anthracycline dose, using cardioprotectants such as dexrazoxane, and developing lipid formulations, may decreased risk of cardiotoxicity.