Haemorrhagic stroke in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of acute haemorrhagic stroke during 3rd trimester of pregnancy and to describe management and successful delivery of healthy baby. CASE REPORT: Haemorrhagic stroke is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Prognosis can be improved only by urgent diagnosis and care. We report a case of pregnant woman at 37th week of pregnancy with acute haemorrhagic stroke of unknown etiology with clinical appearance of thunderclap headaches and overall disorientation. We describe diagnostic approach and a successful management followed by further differential diagnosis and treatment. The foetus was delivered by acute caesarean section at 37th week of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Occurrence of haemorrhagic stroke in pregnancy is rare. There are no specific guidelines that recommend the time and mode of delivery; therefore, each case is assessed individually.

Echinococcosis with the image of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the case of echinococcal disease in gynecological practice and point out the complications of its diagnosis. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty Hospital Trenčín, Slovakia. CASE REPORT: The case is presented in an immunosuppressed patient with peritoneal carcinomatosis, mild Ca 125 elevation and increased CRP presenting as a finding of gynecological etiology with histopathological outcome and conclusion of parasitic disease - echinococcosis (hydatidosis). CONCLUSION: In the differential diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis and ascites, especially in immunosuppressed patients with a positive social (or epidemiological) history, the possibility of rare parasitic diseases such as echinococcosis, which resembles malignant tumors, should be considered.

Maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2015.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2015. DESIGN: Prospective epidemiological perinatological nation-wide. SETTINGS: 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The analysis of selected maternal morbidity and mortality data prospective collected in the years 2007-2015. RESULTS: Cesarean section rate progressively increased from 24.1% in the year 2007 up to 30.8% in the year 2013 and up to year 2015 decreased to 30.2%. Vacuum-extraction frequency was 1.3% in the year 2007 and to the year 2015 increased up to 1.6%. Forceps frequency was the same in the year 2007 and 2015: 0.6%. In the years 2008-2015 frequency of perineal tears 3th and 4th degree increased from 0.44% to 0.68% and frequency of episiotomies decreased from 74.7% to 57.2%. In the years 2012-2015 incidence of total severe acute maternal morbidity per 1,000 births was 5.85, peripartum hysterectomy 0.78, severe postpartum bleeding 2.03, transport to anaesthesiology department/intensive care unit 1.26, eclampsia 0.2, HELLP syndrome 0.6, abnormal placental invasion 0.38, uterine rupture 0.45, severe sepsis in pregnancy and puerperium 0.14 and frequency of nonfatal amniotic fluid embolism was 2/100,000 maternities. Total maternal mortality ratio in this period was 11.5 and pregnancy-related deaths ratio 9.9 per 100,000 live births. CONCLUSION: The highest cesarean section rate in Slovakia, 30.8 %, was in the year 2013, but in the next years slowly decreased. Frequency of episiotomies decreased in followed period too. Incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity was 5.85 per 1,000 births. Maternal mortality ratio in Slovakia was one of the highest in European Union and not corresponding with good level of perinatal mortality. Improving of cesarean section rate and episiotomy, incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal mortality still need to be improved in Slovak Republic.

Hyperreactio luteinalis - two accidental findings during cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: To present two cases of patients with hyper-reactio luteinalis at the cesarean section. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Trenčín; Medirex Group Academy n.o., Bratislava. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of women with preeclampsia who we diagnosed with bilateral multi-cystic ovarian enlargement by chance during cesarean section. At both of them the level of human chorionic gonadotropin was above normal, one of the patients had medical history of ovarian serous borderline tumor and this pregnancy was multiple after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Adnexectomy, resection of ovaries and biopsy were carried out. Histologically hyperreactio luteinalis was confirmed in both patients. CONCLUSION: We discuss the necessity of surgical treat-ment, the authors want to emphasize the need for proper preoperative diagnosis and indication of conservative management of patients with hyperreactio luteinalis.

Perinatal mortality and morbidity in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2015.

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of perinatal mortality in Slovak Republic in three periods during the years 2007-2015. DESIGN: Epidemiological perinatal nation-wide. SETTINGS: 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The analysis of prospectively collected selected perinatal data in the years 2007-2015. RESULTS: In the year 2007 there were 63 obstetrics units, 51,146 deliveries and that of live births 51,650 in Slovak Republic. The number of obstetrics units decreased to 54 in the years 2015, but total number of deliveries increased to 55,139 and that of live births increased to 55,643. Preterm deliveries rate increased from 7.3% in the year 2007 to 8.5% in the year 2010 and decreased to 7.5% in the year 2015. Perinatal mortality rate decreased from 6.2 in the year 2007 to 4.8 in the year 2013, and increased again in the years 2014 and 2015 to 5.3 and 5.6 per 1,000 still- and live-births respectively. During the years 2007-2015 stillbirth participate at perinatal mortality with 64%, low birth weight with 64% and severe congenital anomalies with 20%. Transport in utero to perinatological centres in the years 2007-2015 has increased from 57% to 66% for infants 1000-1499 g and from 75% to 79% for infants below 1000 g. CONCLUSION: In the year 2013 perinatology in Slovak Republic reached the best result in perinatal mortality rate 4.8 (0.48%), but in next two years has increased over 5. Prenatal detection of severe congenital abnormalities, transport in utero very low birth weight infants, centralisation of high-risk pregnancies and obstetric and neonatal intensive care units equipment need still to be improved in Slovak Republic. Keywords perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, multiple pregnancy, neonatal intensive care unit, low birth weight, very low birth weight.

[Analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2012]. / Analýza materskej morbidity a mortality v Slovenskej republike v rokoch 2007-2012.

OBJECTIVE: Analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Slovak Republic (SR) in the years 2007-2012. DESIGN: Epidemiological perinatological nation-wide. SETTINGS: 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The analysis of selected maternal morbidity and mortality data prospective collected in the years 2007-2012 from all obstetrics hospitals in the Slovak Republic. RESULTS: Caesarean section rate progressively increased from 24.1% in the year 2007 up to 30.3% in the year 2012. In the year 2012 the frequency of vacuum-extraction was 1.4%, forceps 0.6%, perineal tears 3th and 4th degree 0.49% and episiotomy 65%. Incidence of total severe acute maternal morbidity was 6.34 per 1,000 births. Incidence (per 1,000 births) of transport to anaesthesiology department/intensive care unit was 2.32, postpartum hysterectomy 0.72, HELLP syndrome 0.63, eclampsia 0.29, abnormal placental invasion 0.37, uterine rupture 0.27, severe sepsis in pregnancy and puerperium 0.21. In the years 2007-2012 frequency of fatal amniotic fluid embolism was 2.46/100,000 maternities or 2.43/100,000 live-births. Maternal mortality ratio in this period was 14 per 100,000 live births and pregnancy-related deaths ratio was 11.9 per 100,000 live births. CONCLUSION: In the year 2012 Slovakia reached the highest caesarean section rate in her own history - 30.3%. Incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity was 6.34 per 1,000 births. Maternal mortality ratio in Slovakia was one of the highest in European Union. Decreasing of caesarean section rate and episiotomy, incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal mortality still need to be improved in Slovak Republic.

[Comparison of perinatal mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2009 and in the years 2010-2012]. / Porovnanie perinatálnej mortality v Slovenskej republike v rokoch 2007-2009 a v rokoch 2010-2012.

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of perinatal mortality in Slovak Republic in the years 2007-2009 and in the years 2010-2012. DESIGN: Epidemiological perinatal nation-wide. SETTING: 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The analysis of selected perinatal data prospectively collected in the years 2007-2009 and in the years 2010-2012. RESULTS: In the year 2007 there were 63 maternity hospitals, 51,146 deliveries and that of live births 51,650 in Slovak Republic. In the years 2010-2012 decreased the number of maternity hospitals, total number of deliveries and that of live births from 57 to 55, from 55,362 to 54,996 and from 55,901 to 55,643 respectively. Preterm deliveries rate increased from 7.4 to 7.7% and multiple pregnancies rate from 1.4% to 1.5% in the years 2010-2012 compared to years 2007-2009. Perinatal mortality rate decreased from 6.2 in the year 2007 to 5.1 per 1,000 still and live births in the year 2012. During the years 2007-2012 stillbirth participate in perinatal mortality 64%, low birth weight 65% and severe congenital anomalies 19%. Transport in utero to perinatal centres decreased in the years 2007-2012. It was from 64% to 56% for infants with very low birth weight and from 75% to 70% for infants with extremely low birth weight. CONCLUSION: In the year 2012 Slovak perinatology reach the best result in perinatal mortality rate 5.1 (0.51%). Centralisation of high-risk pregnancies, transport in utero very low birth weight infants, prenatal detection of severe congenital abnormalities and obstetric and neonatal intensive care units equipment need still to be improved in Slovak Republic.

Fatal Injury of the Small Intestine during Retropubic Sling Placement.

We describe a case of injury of the small intestine in a patient who underwent placement of Align R retropubic urethral support system (BARD). Absence of characteristic symptoms of the bowel injury and peritonitis led to a rapid development of sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death. Although the placement of midurethral sling is a minimally invasive surgery, good diagnostic skills, proper evaluation of indications, safe performance of the procedure, and thorough postsurgical monitoring are paramount for safe and effective outcome of the surgery.

Aggressive deep angiomyxoma--a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Aggressive deep angiomyxoma (AA) is locally infiltrative, non-metastasizing neoplasm that typically occurs in the pelvis and perineum in women of the reproductive age. Local recurrence is high despite apparently complete surgical resection. CASE: The authors describe a case of AA in the pelvis in a 27-year-old woman. She underwent one invasive diagnostic procedure and three surgical interventions during four months, due to diagnostic problems and very early recurrence of the disease. Follow-up one year later revealed no recurrence. CONCLUSION: The present case confirms that AA are locally aggressive and notorious for local recurrence. Such an early recurrence of AA has not been described in available literature.

Hormonal contraception after intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Comparing the use of oral contraception (OC), treatment side effects and the incidence of cholecystolithiasis in women with a history of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), before and after introducing ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment. DESIGN: Regional epidemiological. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital, Trencin, Slovak Republic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 79 deliveries with ICP between 1992 and 2004. Group 1 included 36 women who delivered between 1992 and 1996 and were not treated by UDCA. Group 2 included 43 women who delivered between 1997 and 2004 and were managed with a 500-750 mg daily dose of UDCA administered orally. In 2008, the questionnaire was sent to all treated women with ICP. The analysis was focused on OC use and presence of cholecystolithiasis, or cholecystectomy in individual groups. The incidence of difficulties comparable to ICP was analyzed in OC users. RESULTS: The frequency of ICP was the same in both groups (0.4% of deliveries). The questionnaire response rate was 71%. Analysis was conducted in 56 women with ICP--in Groups 1 and 2 it was 26 and 30 women, respectively (the difference statistically insignificant, p=0.81). In the observed population, 15 women (26.8%) used hormonal contraception--in Groups 1 and 2 it was 42.3% and 13.3%, respectively (statistically significant difference, p=0.015). Only one woman in Group 1 reported pruritus during the use of OCs. The frequency of cholecystolithiasis or cholecystectomy occurrence was 26.8% in the entire population--in Groups 1 and 2 it was 38.5% and 16.7%, respectively (statistically significant difference, p=0.043). CONCLUSION: Based on our results it is possible to consider the use of OC in women with a history of ICP as safe. Only a minimum of side effects have been recorded in relatively high percentage of OC users.

Uterine leiomyoma with amianthoid-like fibers.

A rare case of a gynecologic type leiomyoma with amianthoid-like fibers is presented. The 6 cm tumor was found in the uterus of a 46-year-old woman. Histologically, it contained a cellular spindle cell population with numerous eosinophilic amianthoid-like fibers. The morphology closely resembled that of palisaded "amianthoid" myofibroblastoma. Immunohistochemically, the lesion showed a smooth muscle phenotype with expression of h-caldesmon, desmin, alpha smooth-muscle actin, and with negativity for CD10 and the S100 protein. The finding of amianthoid-like fibers expands the morphologic spectrum of leiomyomas. It represents one of the overlapping features between leiomyoma and palisaded myofibroblastoma.