Removal efficiency of a fast setting pozzalan-based bioactive cement: a micro CT study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal efficiency of PRMTA and ECMPremixed applied to the coronal third according to the RET by UI and to examine the effect of different solutions on material removal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 permanent upper central teeth were used to simulate immature teeth. The samples were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl and calcium hydroxide was placed. Samples were incubated in PBS. Then irrigation was done with 17% EDTA, the samples were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20):Group 1: PRMTA, Group 2: ECM Premixed. The materials were placed in the samples. Then the samples were scanned with micro-CT. Materials were removed by UI. Micro-CT scan of the samples was performed. Each material group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10): Group1 was MTAD, group2 was irrigated with 10% CA; then micro-CT was performed. Obtained images were positioned in DataViewer and analyzed with CTAn. The obtained data were statistically analyzed in IBM SPSS 25. The significance level was determined as 5%. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the initial volumes of the materials (p > 0.05). The amount of the remaining material after UI was significantly higher in the PRMTA (0.7471%) group compared to the ECM Premixed (0.0093%). There was no significant difference in terms of remaining material after irrigation with MTAD and CA in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A great deal of the materials were removed by UI under the operation microscope. ECM Premixed was removed more effectively compared to the PRMTA. And, acidic solutions did not provide any additional benefit in material removal.

Meta-research on reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence: are authors and reviewers encouraged enough in radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging journals?

PURPOSE: To determine how radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging journals encourage and mandate the use of reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence (AI) in their author and reviewer instructions. METHODS: The primary source of journal information and associated citation data used was the Journal Citation Reports (June 2023 release for 2022 citation data; Clarivate Analytics, UK). The first- and second-quartile journals indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Emerging Sources Citation Index were included. The author and reviewer instructions were evaluated by two independent readers, followed by an additional reader for consensus, with the assistance of automatic annotation. Encouragement and submission requirements were systematically analyzed. The reporting guidelines were grouped as AI-specific, related to modeling, and unrelated to modeling. RESULTS: Out of 102 journals, 98 were included in this study, and all of them had author instructions. Only five journals (5%) encouraged the authors to follow AI-specific reporting guidelines. Among these, three required a filled-out checklist. Reviewer instructions were found in 16 journals (16%), among which one journal (6%) encouraged the reviewers to follow AI-specific reporting guidelines without submission requirements. The proportions of author and reviewer encouragement for AI-specific reporting guidelines were statistically significantly lower compared with those for other types of guidelines (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that AI-specific guidelines are not commonly encouraged and mandated (i.e., requiring a filled-out checklist) by these journals, compared with guidelines related to modeling and unrelated to modeling, leaving vast space for improvement. This meta-research study hopes to contribute to the awareness of the imaging community for AI reporting guidelines and ignite large-scale group efforts by all stakeholders, making AI research less wasteful. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This meta-research highlights the need for improved encouragement of AI-specific guidelines in radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging journals. This can potentially foster greater awareness among the AI community and motivate various stakeholders to collaborate to promote more efficient and responsible AI research reporting practices.

Self-reported checklists and quality scoring tools in radiomics: a meta-research.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of reporting checklists and quality scoring tools for self-reporting purposes in radiomics literature. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in PubMed (date, April 23, 2023). The radiomics literature was sampled at random after a sample size calculation with a priori power analysis. A systematic assessment for self-reporting, including the use of documentation such as completed checklists or quality scoring tools, was conducted in original research papers. These eligible papers underwent independent evaluation by a panel of nine readers, with three readers assigned to each paper. Automatic annotation was used to assist in this process. Then, a detailed item-by-item confirmation analysis was carried out on papers with checklist documentation, with independent evaluation of two readers. RESULTS: The sample size calculation yielded 117 papers. Most of the included papers were retrospective (94%; 110/117), single-center (68%; 80/117), based on their private data (89%; 104/117), and lacked external validation (79%; 93/117). Only seven papers (6%) had at least one self-reported document (Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD), or Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM)), with a statistically significant binomial test (p < 0.001). Median rate of confirmed items for all three documents was 81% (interquartile range, 6). For quality scoring tools, documented scores were higher than suggested scores, with a mean difference of - 7.2 (standard deviation, 6.8). CONCLUSION: Radiomic publications often lack self-reported checklists or quality scoring tools. Even when such documents are provided, it is essential to be cautious, as the accuracy of the reported items or scores may be questionable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Current state of radiomic literature reveals a notable absence of self-reporting with documentation and inaccurate reporting practices. This critical observation may serve as a catalyst for motivating the radiomics community to adopt and utilize such tools appropriately, thereby fostering rigor, transparency, and reproducibility of their research, moving the field forward. KEY POINTS: • In radiomics literature, there has been a notable absence of self-reporting with documentation. • Even if such documents are provided, it is critical to exercise caution because the accuracy of the reported items or scores may be questionable. • Radiomics community needs to be motivated to adopt and appropriately utilize the reporting checklists and quality scoring tools.

Self-reporting with checklists in artificial intelligence research on medical imaging: a systematic review based on citations of CLAIM.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usage of a well-known and widely adopted checklist, Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical imaging (CLAIM), for self-reporting through a systematic analysis of its citations. METHODS: Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to search for citations (date, 29 April 2023). CLAIM's use for self-reporting with proof (i.e., filled-out checklist) and other potential use cases were systematically assessed in research papers. Eligible papers were evaluated independently by two readers, with the help of automatic annotation. Item-by-item confirmation analysis on papers with checklist proof was subsequently performed. RESULTS: A total of 391 unique citations were identified from three databases. Of the 118 papers included in this study, 12 (10%) provided a proof of self-reported CLAIM checklist. More than half (70; 59%) only mentioned some sort of adherence to CLAIM without providing any proof in the form of a checklist. Approximately one-third (36; 31%) cited the CLAIM for reasons unrelated to their reporting or methodological adherence. Overall, the claims on 57 to 93% of the items per publication were confirmed in the item-by-item analysis, with a mean and standard deviation of 81% and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Only a small proportion of the publications used CLAIM as checklist and supplied filled-out documentation; however, the self-reported checklists may contain errors and should be approached cautiously. We hope that this systematic citation analysis would motivate artificial intelligence community about the importance of proper self-reporting, and encourage researchers, journals, editors, and reviewers to take action to ensure the proper usage of checklists. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Only a small percentage of the publications used CLAIM for self-reporting with proof (i.e., filled-out checklist). However, the filled-out checklist proofs may contain errors, e.g., false claims of adherence, and should be approached cautiously. These may indicate inappropriate usage of checklists and necessitate further action by authorities. KEY POINTS: • Of 118 eligible papers, only 12 (10%) followed the CLAIM checklist for self-reporting with proof (i.e., filled-out checklist). More than half (70; 59%) only mentioned some kind of adherence without providing any proof. • Overall, claims on 57 to 93% of the items were valid in item-by-item confirmation analysis, with a mean and standard deviation of 81% and 10%, respectively. • Even with the checklist proof, the items declared may contain errors and should be approached cautiously.

Intraocular pressure increase after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography analysis.

This study is to determine whether post-procedure intraocular pressure (IOP) increase is associated with the anterior chamber angle in cases of Neodymium: yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy. The study included 51 eyes with posterior capsule opacification. Initial IOP values of the patients were compared with IOP values without intraocular pressure-lowering administration at the end of the 1st hour, 1st day, 3rd day, and 7th day after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The anterior segment angle configuration was evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography analysis without dilatation before the procedure. The anterior chamber angle (ACA) and angle opening distances of 500 and 750 µm (AOD500 and AOD750) in the nasal and temporal quadrants were examined. The mean pre-laser IOP value only increased significantly at 1st hour post-laser (13.02 ± 3.02 mmHg vs 14.16 ± 4.07 mmHg, p = 0.016). In eyes with ACA below 40° in both the nasal and temporal quadrants, mean IOP increased significantly at 1st hour post-laser (p = 0.025 and p = 0.032, respectively), while it was not significant in eyes with ACA above 40° (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between ACA, AOD500, and AOD750 values and IOP changes at the first hour (p > 0.05). Except for the first hour after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, no significant increase in IOP was observed. This elevation was higher in eyes with ACA less than 40°. In patients with a narrow ACA, first-hour follow-up may be beneficial in terms of susceptibility to increased IOP.

Evaluation of shaping ability of different glide path instruments: a micro-computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the shaping ability of different instruments, TruNatomy Glider (TRN-G), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOG-G), and ProGlider (Pro-G) using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS: The mesial canals of 27 mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals and moderate curvature were included in this study [n = 27 mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) root canal]. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the glide path was created with TRN-G, WOG-G, and Pro-G glide path instruments (n = 9 MB and ML root canal in each group). Micro-CT scanning was performed before and after preparation. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) transportation and the centering ratio were measured at three levels within the canal (3, 5 and 7 mm). A three-way robust ANOVA was used to compare the parameters. RESULTS: TRN-G showed significantly greater transportation in the MD direction than the other instruments throughout the root canal (overall root canal) (p < 0.05). The best centering ability in the BL direction was shown by the WOG-G, regardless of level within the canal and canal distinction (MB vs. ML) (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups according to the level within the canal and canal parameters (p > 0.05). Whether the root canal was MB or ML did not affect centering or transportation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Glide path instruments can be used to shape moderately curved canals with minimal apical transportation and better centering ability. All three tested glide path files can used safely before the shaping file.

Shaping outcomes of Reciproc Blue and Rotate in roots canals with band-shaped isthmuses: micro-CT study.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the outcome of shaping the mesial roots of mandibular first molars containing band-shaped isthmuses with an isthmus floor located at the apical third with Reciproc Blue and Rotate instruments in terms of canal transportation, canal aberrations and unprepared apical canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pair-matched mesial roots of mandibular first molars according to their isthmus location (distance from apical foramina) and size were constructed based on quantitative measurements (length, major and minor diameter at isthmus roof and floor) on preoperative micro-CT scanning (n = 10). The pair-matched specimens were prepared either using Reciproc Blue R25 (25.08v) or Rotate (15.04, 20.05, 25.06) instruments and then subjected to a second micro-CT scanning. Micro-CT scans were analysed to evaluate the canal transportation at the apical foramen and isthmus floor levels and the frequency of procedural errors (separated instruments, artificial canal preparation, cross shaping and unprepared apical canals). Canal transportation values were compared using Mann-Whitney U, and the distribution of procedural errors was compared with chi-square tests with a 5% significance threshold. RESULTS: Greater transportation values were detected in the apical foramen level compared to the isthmus floor in both groups. No significant difference was detected between Rotate and Reciproc Blue groups in terms of absolute transportation values and the incidence of procedural errors (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Preparation of mesial root canals containing a band-shaped isthmus at the apical portion with Reciproc Blue and Rotate instruments caused transportation of the original canal position at the isthmus floor and the apical foramen levels and resulted in procedural errors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This ex vivo micro-CT study using controlled pair-matched specimens showed that presence of a band-shaped isthmus complicates canal preparation procedure irrespective of the preparation systems.

Age-related changes in the morphology of the root canal system of mandibular first molars: a micro-CT study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate changes on root canal morphology in patients with different ages using micro-CT technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mandibular first molars (n = 150) were scanned at a pixel size of 13.68 µm, categorized into 3 groups according to patient's age and analyzed regarding configuration, orifices, apical foramina, root length, canal volume, and surface area. Morphological 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in distal roots with Type I configuration (n = 109) as well as the morphology of isthmuses Types I and III in 68 mesial roots. One-way ANOVA post hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses (α = 5%). RESULTS: A great variation in the canal configuration was found. No difference was observed in roots' length (p > 0.05). Canal volume reduced with age (p < 0.05), while surface area increased (p < 0.05) in patients ≤ 30 years. There was no difference in canal/root length, area, and from foramen to the apex in distal roots with Type I configuration (p > 0.05), but 2D and 3D parameters significantly decreased with age (p < 0.05). Overall, the diameter of the isthmuses' roof reduced with age (p < 0.05). In patients ≥ 31 years with Type III isthmus the distance from the isthmus floor to the foramen of the mesiolingual canal also decreased (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Overall, the internal morphology of the mesial roots of mandibular first molars was more affected by aging than distal canals. The most relevant tested parameter that significantly reduced in both roots was the volume of the root canal systems. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A detailed evaluation of fine anatomical aspects of the root canal system of mandibular first molars of patients with different ages showed that the internal morphology of mesial roots is more affected by aging than distal canals.

Shaping ability of WaveOne Gold and OneReci by using two apical sizes: a micro-computed tomographic assessment.

Backround: OneReci (MicroMega, Besançon, France) is a recently introduced single-file reciprocating system with scarce information revealed on its shaping ability. This study aimed to compare the shaping abilities of OneReci and a well-documented single-file reciprocating system WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and evaluate the effect of increased apical enlargement on the preparation quality, using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods: After an initial micro-CT scanning, twenty mesial root canals of mandibular molars were anatomically matched. The canals were assigned to two experimental groups (n = 10), using OneReci or WOG in different canals of the same root. The glide paths were created, and root canals were prepared twice, using size 25 and 35 instruments of the systems, respectively. The specimens were scanned with micro-CT after each preparation. The increase in canal volume, amount of dentin removal, unprepared root canal surface, canal transportation, centering ratio and preparation times were assessed. The data were analysed with independent sample t-tests, variance analyses, Friedman and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Each preparation increased the canal volume and dentin removal while decreasing the unprepared root surface. The difference between the systems became significant after preparation with size 35 instruments (p < 0.05). Regarding canal transportation and centering ratio, the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). The first preparation step (glide path + size 25 instrument) was significantly faster in the OneReci group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Preparation with size 25 instruments of the systems appeared to be safe with similar shaping performances. Larger apical preparation promoted significantly higher dentin removal, volume increase, and prepared surface area in WOG.

Identification and Characterization of a Previously Undiscovered Anatomical Structure in Maxillary Second Molars: The Palato-Mesiobuccal Canal.

INTRODUCTION: This report aims to communicate the discovery of a novel anatomy in a 3-rooted maxillary second molar, named as palato-mesiobuccal canal. METHODS: The tooth selected for this report was found incidentally as a result of a study on extracted maxillary molars that was being conducted for an unrelated purpose and involved hundreds of teeth. This 3-rooted maxillary second molar was scanned using a micro-computed tomography device set at a pixel size of 13.68 µm. The images were reconstructed with previously tested parameters resulting in the acquisition of 1655 axial cross-sections. Three-dimensional (3D) models of the internal and external anatomies were generated in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format and were texturized to simulate the pulp tissue. The inner structure of the tooth was analyzed through the axial cross sections and the 3D volume was qualitatively evaluated. RESULTS: The analysis of the 3D models revealed that the maxillary second molar under examination has 3 independent roots and 4 root canals. Each root (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal) contains 1 canal, while the fourth canal follows a unique path, originating in the coronal third of the palatal canal and proceeding in a buccal direction ultimately exiting through an independent foramen at the apex of the mesiobuccal root, near the mesiobuccal canal. CONCLUSIONS: This brief communication reports the discovery of a novel anatomy in a 3-rooted maxillary second molar, named as palato-mesiobuccal canal, and provides important insights into the complexity of the root canal system in this group of teeth.

Effect of Climate Change Belief and the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) on Eco-Tourism Attitudes of Tourists: Moderator Role of Green Self-Identity.

This research has been conducted to determine the effect of tourists' beliefs of climate change on the NEP and ecotourism attitudes. In addition to this purpose, the moderator role of green self-identity in the effect of the NEP on ecological attitudes has also been examined. The research data were obtained from the tourists visiting the Alanya destination, which is one of the centers that attract the most tourists in Turkey. When the results of the research were examined, it could be determined that the belief in climate change is effective on all dimensions of the NEP, and similarly, all dimensions of the NEP have also affected the tourists' ecological attitude. Further, green self-identity has a moderator role in the effect of ecocentric and anthropocentric sub-dimensions on eco-tourism attitudes. As a consequence of the findings, a number of theoretical and practical implications have been developed for sector managers, destination management organizations, and academicians.

Remineralization effect of three different agents on initial caries and erosive lesions: a micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the remineralization efficiency of Sensodyne Promine containing Sodium flouride (NaF), GC Tooth Mousse containing CPP-ACP, and Agarta herbal toothpaste on initial caries and erosion using micro-computed tomography (CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Forty-five third-molar teeth for micro-CT were divided into three main groups after initial scans (T1) were completed. Artificial caries lesions were created with the demineralization cycle (group 1, n = 15) and artificial erosion lesions were created with orange juice (group 2, n = 15) and Cola (group 3, n = 15), and second scans (T2) were performed. The groups were divided into three subgroups within themselves. Sensodyne Promine toothpaste (subgroup 1a, 2a, 3a), GC Tooth Mousse topical cream (subgroup 1b, 2b, 3b), and Agarta herbal toothpaste (subgroup 1c, 2c, 3c) were applied using soft-tipped brushes for 2 min, twice per day for 15 days, and then a third scan (T3) was performed. Mineral density, surface area, and lesion volume and depth were calculated using micro-CT. Changes in the surface morphology of the teeth were examined using SEM in 13 samples representing each group, subgroup, and healthy enamel. In the analysis of the data obtained from the scans performed at three different times (T1, T2, T3), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc Tukey test, repeated measures ANOVA with the post-hoc Bonferroni test, and paired sample t-test analyses were used. RESULTS: All three agents caused a statistically significant increase in mineral density, and a decrease in surface area and lesion volume and depth (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in remineralization efficiency (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding the mineral density of the tissue that increased after remineralization (NaF > CPP-ACP > He; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The remineralization efficacy of herbal toothpaste as an alternative to NaF and CPP-ACP was found to be successful.

Dentine thickness in maxillary fused molars depends on the fusion type: An ex vivo micro-computed tomography study.

AIM: The present study aimed to determine and compare the dentine thickness around the root canals of maxillary molars with fusion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 fused maxillary molars having more than a single canal with distinct canal orifices near the cementoenamel junction were selected from a pool of extracted maxillary molars, which were scanned on a micro-CT device (SkyScan 1172, Bruker-microCT). The minimum dentine thickness around the root canals in furcal direction was measured using CTAn software (v.1.18.8 Bruker-microCT) at each millimetre. The specimens were grouped according to their fusion type, and dentine thickness around the canals was compared. The data were statistically analysed using anova and post hoc Tukey-Kramer tests following an assessment of the normality of their distribution with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p < .05). RESULTS: Dentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 (p < .05), while those of distobuccal and palatal canals were significantly thinner in type 3 fusion compared with type 1 or 6 (pDentine thickness showed a statistically significant decrease at 2 mm apical to the orifice level  irrespective of fusion type. The minimum dentine thickness values were detected around the second mesiobuccal canal as 0.30 mm at 6 mm below orifice. Dentine thickness around the mesiobuccal canal was significantly greater in fusion type 1 than those of types 2 and 3 ( CONCLUSION: Minimum dentine thickness values at the danger zone of distobuccal and palatal canals change according to the fusion type in fused maxillary second molars.

Assessment of the Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer, Retina, and Choroid in Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which there are problems in tissues containing type I collagen, predominantly the cornea and sclera in the eye. Although there are many studies on problems with the anterior segment of the eye in patients with OI, studies on posterior structures are limited. Involvement of the sclera may affect the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), which is indirectly related to intraocular pressure. In addition, the retina and choroid containing type I collagen may be affected. The aim of the study was to compare the posterior segment structures of the eye, including the RNFL, retina, and choroid, in patients with OI to those of healthy control subjects. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 19 patients with OI, as well as 22 age- and gender-similar healthy control subjects. Measurements of the RNFL, retina, and choroid were obtained with optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). RESULTS: Patients with OI (mean age 14.32 ± 5.08 years) and the control group (mean age 13.73 ± 3.56 years) had similar age, refractive error, and intraocular pressure values (p > 0.05). There was no difference between groups in terms of RNFL thickness, including the superonasal, nasal, inferonasal, inferotemporal, temporal, and superotemporal sectors, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness from five different locations (p > 0.05, for all). CONCLUSION: According to these results, OI does not clinically affect the RNFL, retina, and choroid in childhood.

Risk factors for posterior capsule rupture in mature cataract surgery: A study of 1302 cases.

Purpose: To identify the risk factors predisposing posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during mature cataract surgery. Methods: A total of 1302 consecutive mature cataract cases were included in this retrospective study. A detailed examination was performed for each patient and risk factors including age, gender, systemic diseases, ocular comorbidities, surgeon, and surgery method were recorded. Cases with PCR during surgery were classified as complicated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a generalized estimating equations method was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The overall rate of PCR was 7.30% (n=95 eyes). After adjusting for confounders, factors that remained significant on multivariate analysis were strabismus (odds ratio [OR]: 5.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.17-14.97; P < 0.001), phacodonesis (OR: 4.62, 95% CI: 2.59-8.22; P < 0.001), history of trauma (OR: 4.46, 95% CI: 1.64-12.12; P = 0.003), surgery method (extracapsular cataract extraction/phacoemulsification) (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.60-4.26; P < 0.001), and pseudoexfoliation (OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.20-3.16; P = 0. 007). Conclusion: Strabismus, phacodonesis, history of trauma, extracapsular cataract extraction method, and pseudoexfoliation were found to be important risk factors for developing PCR. Appropriate preoperative and perioperative precautions for these higher-risk cases can reduce complications.

Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Research: a Systematic Review of Availability Items Related to Open Science in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Reproducibility of artificial intelligence (AI) research has become a growing concern. One of the fundamental reasons is the lack of transparency in data, code, and model. In this work, we aimed to systematically review the radiology and nuclear medicine papers on AI in terms of transparency and open science. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to identify original research studies on AI. The search was restricted to studies published in Q1 and Q2 journals that are also indexed on the Web of Science. A random sampling of the literature was performed. Besides six baseline study characteristics, a total of five availability items were evaluated. Two groups of independent readers including eight readers participated in the study. Inter-rater agreement was analyzed. Disagreements were resolved with consensus. RESULTS: Following eligibility criteria, we included a final set of 194 papers. The raw data was available in about one-fifth of the papers (34/194; 18%). However, the authors made their private data available only in one paper (1/161; 1%). About one-tenth of the papers made their pre-modeling (25/194; 13%), modeling (28/194; 14%), or post-modeling files (15/194; 8%) available. Most of the papers (189/194; 97%) did not attempt to create a ready-to-use system for real-world usage. Data origin, use of deep learning, and external validation had statistically significantly different distributions. The use of private data alone was negatively associated with the availability of at least one item (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Overall rates of availability for items were poor, leaving room for substantial improvement.

Efficacy of Endoscope and Periapical Radiography to Detect Residual Root Canal Filling Using Micro-CT as Reference.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of examinations by endoscope of root canals to determine residual root canal filling materials by comparison with microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) images as reference. METHODS: Thirty maxillary second premolars with oval canals received root canal treatment. Then D-Race retreatment files were used to remove the root canal fillings supplemented by XP-endo Finisher. Samples were scanned to reconstruct micro-CT reference images. Images were obtained of all samples from the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions by digital radiography. Then the root canals of specimens mounted in manikins were assessed by endoscope. The radiographic and endoscopic results were scored following comparison with the micro-CT images, which served as a reference, by 2 blinded observers. The interexaminer reliability of the assessments was evaluated by kappa test and the accuracy of endoscopic visualization according to the presence of residual root canal filling materials was compared using Kruskal-Wallis H test and Spearman's rank order correlation with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: The efficiency of the periapical radiography and endoscopy to determine residual root canal filling material was similar in every third of the root canal (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The endoscope detected residual root canal filling material as efficiently as periapical radiography.

Development of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after open globe injury in adults.

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression after open globe injury in adults. METHODS: A total of 95 participants, 43 adult patients with open globe injury and 52 age-sex similar subjects (control group), were included in this cross-sectional study. Age, gender, education level, occupation, accident history, psychiatric history, trauma type, cause of trauma, and visual acuity were recorded. One to six months after trauma, PTSD and depression symptoms of the participants were evaluated with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire-Civil Version Scale (PTSD-S) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively. RESULTS: Patients with open globe injury had a higher PTSD-S total score than the control group, but not significant (23.67 ± 20.41 vs. 18.56 ± 13.13, p = 0.580). Patients with eye trauma exhibited a much higher prevalence of PTSD compared to the control group (20.9% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.010). Patients with trauma had a significantly higher BDI total score than the control group (12.47 ± 10.08 vs. 7.69 ± 6.10, p = 0.015). Also, patients had a higher rate of depression symptoms than controls (25.6% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.017). A significant positive correlation was observed between PTSD-S and BDI scores in the trauma group (r = 0.720, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: An increased prevalence of PTSD and depression was observed in adults after open globe injury. The significant relationship between PTSD-S and BDI scores indicates that patients with open globe injuries should be questioned in terms of both symptoms. For patients with open globe trauma, a holistic approach with psychosocial assessment in addition to physical intervention would be beneficial.

Long-term Effects of Uncomplicated Traumatic Hyphema on Corneal and Lenticular Clarity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term effects of uncomplicated traumatic hyphema on endothelial morphology, anterior segment structure, and corneal and lenticular densitometry. METHODS: In this retrospective comparative study, eyes with a history of uncomplicated traumatic hyphema were compared with the healthy contralateral unaffected eyes. The corneal endothelial cell properties were captured using specular microscopy. Anterior segment analysis, corneal densitometry (12-mm corneal diameter), and lens densitometry measurements were performed using the Pentacam imaging system. RESULTS: Measurements were obtained at a mean follow-up of 49.5 ± 15.8 months after injury. The average endothelial cell density was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (2,506.6 ± 294.0 cells/mm² vs. 2,665.7 ± 195.0 cells/mm², p = 0.020). There was no difference between the groups in respect of polymegathism and pleomorphism (p = 0.061 and p = 0.558, respectively). All the investigated corneal tomographic and angle parameters were similar in both groups (all p > 0.05). The corneal densitometry values in all concentric zones and layers showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05 for all). The lens zone 1 densitometry value was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (9.6% ± 1.1% vs. 8.9% ± 1.2%, p = 0.031). No difference was observed in zone 2 and 3 (p = 0.170 and p = 0.322, respectively). The degree of hyphema was not correlated with endothelial cell and lenticular clarity loss (p = 0.087 and p = 0.294, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Even if traumatic hyphema is not complicated, long-term outcomes indicate endothelial cell loss and increased lenticular density.